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Rettenmaier MA, Micha JP, Bohart RD, Goldstein BH. Massive Retroperitoneal Leiomyoma of the Cervical Stump Presenting as an Ovarian Fibroma in a Postmenopausal Patient. J Gynecol Surg 2023. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2022.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - John P. Micha
- Women's Cancer Research Foundation, Newport Beach, California, USA
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2
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Li MC, Polk SL, Myers RA. A midline pelvic mass: Ovarian fibroma appearing vaginal in nature. ULTRASOUND (LEEDS, ENGLAND) 2023; 31:47-50. [PMID: 36794115 PMCID: PMC9923148 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x221093750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Ovarian fibroma is an uncommon, benign, stromal neoplasm that is a mixture of collagen-producing mesenchymal cells. There are varying sonographic and computed tomography features described in literature of smaller scale studies. Case Report We describe a case of an ovarian fibroma presenting as a midline pelvic mass mimicking a vaginal cuff tumour in a 67-year-old patient with surgical history of a hysterectomy. Computed tomography and ultrasound were utilised to evaluate the mass and guide management of the patient. The mass was initially suspected on CT-guided biopsy as a vaginal spindle cell epithelioma amongst other potential differential considerations. With robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery and histologic analysis, the true diagnosis of an ovarian fibroma was reached. Discussion An ovarian fibroma is an uncommon, benign, stromal ovarian tumour, representing just 1-4% of all ovarian tumours. Its widely varying imaging features present a challenge when radiologically evaluating ovarian fibromas or pelvic tumours, as the differential diagnoses are extensive and ovarian fibromas are often misdiagnosed until surgical resection. We highlight the features of ovarian fibromas and the potential value of pelvic/transvaginal ultrasonography in management of ovarian fibroma and other pelvic masses. Conclusion The use of computed tomography and ultrasound aided in the diagnostic and treatment pathway of this patient with a pelvic mass. There is high utility of sonography in evaluating such tumours to elucidate salient features, expedite diagnosis, and guide further management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Li
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of
South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Lehigh Valley Health
Network, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Stuart L Polk
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of
South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Lehigh Valley Health
Network, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Ross A Myers
- Department of Radiology, Lehigh Valley Health
Network, Allentown, PA, USA
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3
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Kamaretsos E, Paraoulakis I, Ziogas AC, Kontogeorgis G, Grapsidi V, Gerokostas EE, Kontochristos V, Thanasas I. Surgical Treatment of a Rare Case of Ovarian Fibroma Associated With Elevated CA125 Levels in a Patient of Reproductive Age: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e34097. [PMID: 36843723 PMCID: PMC9946278 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ovarian fibromas (< 10cm) associated with elevated serum CA125 levels are rarely encountered, particularly in women of reproductive age. We report a rare case diagnosed in a 35-year-old patient after adnexectomy for a solid ovarian mass of approximately 5cm in maximum diameter, accompanied by elevated serum CA125 levels. In preoperative evaluation, no signs of inflammation from the genital tract were found, and no medical history of endometriosis, uterine leiomyomas, or non-gynecological cancer was reported. Intraoperative frozen section biopsy of surgical specimen obtained from the ovarian tumor had negative evaluation for malignancy. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of ovarian fibroma. The postoperative course was uneventful. Two months after surgery, the blood serum CA125 levels were within normal ranges. The patient is assessed at regular intervals in the gynecology outpatient clinic. In this paper, based on the data of the modern literature, a brief review of this rare nosological entity is made.
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4
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Pat JJ, Rothnie KKM, Kolomainen D, Sundaresan M, Zhang J, Liyanage SH. CT review of ovarian fibrothecoma. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20210790. [PMID: 35451310 PMCID: PMC10162058 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20210790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the CT imaging characteristics of ovarian fibrothecoma which may aid in the differentiation from early stage epithelial tumours. Methods: Comparison of 36 patients (41 lesions) with pathologically proven ovarian fibrothecoma tumours and 36 (52 lesions) serous papillary carcinomas (SPCs) lesions. We noted their laterality, size, density, calcifications, Hounsfield units (HUs) and introduced a novel HU comparison technique with the psoas muscle or the uterus. Patients’ clinical findings such as ascites, pleural effusion, carbohydrate antigen-125 levels, and lymphadenopathy findings were also included. Results: Average age was 67.8 and 66 across the fibrothecoma and SPC cohort respectively. Fibrothecoma tumours had diameters ranging from 24 to 207 mm (Median: 94 mm). 80.6% of the fibrothecoma cohort had ascites which was comparable to the 72.2% in the SPC cohort. 70.7% of fibrothecoma tumour favour a purely to predominantly solid structural configuration (p < 0.001). The average HU value for the fibrothecoma solid component was 44 ± 11.7 contrasting the SPC HU value of 66.8 ± 15. The psoas:tumour mass ratio demonstrated a median of 0.7, whereas SPCs shows a median of 1.1 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Suspicion of ovarian fibrothecoma should be considered through interrogation of their structural density configuration, low psoas to mass HU ratio and a presence of ascites. Advances in knowledge: CT imaging can be a useful tool in diagnosing fibrothecoma tumours and subsequently reducing oncogynaecological tertiary centre referrals, financial burden and patient operative morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jufen Zhang
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Rojewska P, Meczekalski B, Bala G, Luisi S, Podfigurna A. From diagnosis to treatment of androgen-secreting ovarian tumors: a practical approach. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:537-542. [PMID: 35647677 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2022.2083104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
About 5% of all ovarian tumors develop some form of hormonal activity. Only 1% of ovarian tumors will secrete androgens causing clinical hyperandrogenism. Most androgen-secreting neoplasms (ASN) derive from sex cord or stroma cells of the ovary and may affect both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Typically, a patient will present reporting symptoms of rapidly increasing hyperandrogenization such as: hirsutism, acne, frontal/male pattern balding, and in severe cases even virilization. Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors are the most frequent ASN and constitute about 0.5% of all ovarian neoplasms. Typically affecting women under 30 years of age, these tumors are usually unilateral and benign. They are also the most common tumor in postmenopausal women suffering with hyperandrogenism. Other tumors originating from the sex-cord stroma are also known to develop in this population, but the incidence of these is much lower. Approaching suspected hyperandrogenemia and its related symptoms in a clinical setting can be a significant diagnostic challenge. When evaluating a patient for hyperandrogenism, it is important to assess the severity of symptoms but most of all it is critical to assess the time of onset and dynamics of symptom progression. Diagnostic tools including laboratory tests and imaging studies should also be engaged. When deriving a differential diagnosis for androgen-secreting ovarian tumors, adrenal gland tumors should be considered as well as typical endocrine pathologies including polycystic ovary syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Cushing's disease, and acromegaly. Treatment options for an androgen-secreting ovarian tumors is mainly surgical, but in exceptional cases can involve pharmacotherapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Rojewska
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Blazej Meczekalski
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Stefano Luisi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Podfigurna
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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6
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Montoriol PF, Hordonneau C, Boudinaud C, Molnar I, Abrial C, Kossai M. Benign Brenner tumour of the ovary: CT and MRI features. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:593-598. [PMID: 33933275 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of benign Brenner tumours (BBT) of the ovary. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a retrospective two-centre study comprising 35 female patients with a definitive diagnosis of BBT at histology in whom CT and/or MRI examinations had been performed. Two experienced radiologists reviewed the CT and MRI features of 39 ovarian BBT retrospectively with consensus reading. The morphological appearance and size of each tumour were recorded. The presence or absence of calcifications within the solid portion was noted at CT. The reviewed characteristics at MRI included qualitative assessment of the signal intensity of the solid portion on diffusion sequence and contrast enhancement, compared to that of the myometrium. RESULTS CT and MRI images were available for 27 and 28 lesions, respectively. Sixteen patients had both CT and MRI examinations. BBT were unilateral in 89% of patients, and 49% of lesions were solid and 51% were mixed. Calcifications were depicted at CT in 70.4% of lesions. When present, the cystic portion was multilocular in 85% of cases and corresponded to a mucinous lesion in 74% of cases. Enhancement of the solid portion at MRI was inferior or equal to that of the myometrium in 89% of cases and signal on high b-values diffusion images was deemed low or moderate in 93% of cases. CONCLUSION The combined CT and MRI findings of a unilateral fibrous ovarian mass containing punctate calcifications often associated with a multilocular cyst suggest the diagnosis of ovarian BBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-F Montoriol
- Radiologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - C Hordonneau
- Radiologie et Imagerie Médicale, Hôpital ESTAING, Place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Boudinaud
- Radiologie, Centre Jean PERRIN, 58 Rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - I Molnar
- Division de Recherche Clinique, Centre Jean PERRIN, 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - C Abrial
- Division de Recherche Clinique, Centre Jean PERRIN, 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Kossai
- Anatomie Pathologique, Centre Jean PERRIN, 58 rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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7
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Al Harbi R, McNeish IA, El-Bahrawy M. Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors: an update on clinical features, molecular changes, and management. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021; 31:161-168. [PMID: 33414107 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2020-002018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex cord stromal-tumors are rare tumors of the ovary that include numerous tumor subtypes of variable histological features and biological behavior. Surgery is the main therapeutic modality for the management of these tumors, while chemotherapy and hormonal therapy may be used in some patients with progressive and recurrent tumors. Several studies investigated molecular changes in the different tumor types. Understanding molecular changes underlying the development and progression of sex cord-stromal tumors provides valuable information for diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for these tumors. In this review, we provide an update on the clinical presentation, molecular changes, and management of sex cord-stromal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Al Harbi
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Dhulaimi MA, Aldarmasi MA. RENAL, PELVIC AND MESENTERIC TUMORS WITH LOW SIGNAL INTENSITY ON T2-WEIGHTED MR IMAGE: A REVIEW. SANAMED 2020. [DOI: 10.24125/sanamed.v15i3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Dobrev P, Yordanov A, Strashilov S. Synchronous primary cervical carcinoma and ovarian fibroma: challenge in surgery. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.19.04210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Abdullahi Idle S, Hayes K, Ross JA. Ultrasound features of immature ovarian teratomas: Case series and review of literature. ULTRASOUND (LEEDS, ENGLAND) 2020; 28:82-90. [PMID: 32528544 PMCID: PMC7254944 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x19895538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immature ovarian teratomas are rare but account for 10-20% of ovarian cancers in women under the age of 20 years. This study aimed to characterise immature ovarian teratomas using grey-scale and Doppler ultrasonography and review the literature to refine the diagnosis of immature ovarian teratomas. METHODS Patients with a confirmed histological diagnosis of immature ovarian teratoma from years 2006-2018, who had undergone a transvaginal ultrasound at two large teaching hospitals, were identified. The imaging was retrieved from the centres clinical databases. Ultrasound scans were performed by experienced ultrasound examiners and described according to International Ovarian Tumour Analysis criteria. RESULTS Eight patients were identified in total with a mean age of 26 years (range 13-35). Half of the patients had a past history of a mature ovarian teratoma (3 ipsilateral, 1 contralateral). The cysts were generally large (median 115 mm), fast growing unilateral lesions with a single, peripheral predominantly solid component arising from the cyst wall. The solid component was hyperechoic with multiple foci of fibrosis and numerous small cysts. The cystic component typically formed less than 75% of the lesion and the cyst fluid was of low-level echogenicity. Subjective assessment of vascularity of the solid part of the tumours varied between scores of 1 and 2. Tumour markers showed a raised serum a-fetoprotein level in 42% of these patients. CONCLUSION Although there were no ultrasound features that were pathognomonic of immature teratoma, the diagnosis should be suspected in a young woman with a large ovarian cyst with a fibrotic, microcystic solid component, particularly if she has a past history of a dermoid cyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Hayes
- St George’s Hospital, London, UK
| | - JA Ross
- School of Medical Education, Kings College Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Damiani GR, Villa M, Licchetta G, Cesana MC, Dinaro E, Loverro M, Muzzupapa G, Pellegrino A. A rare case of recurrences of multiple ovarian fibrothecoma. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 41:158-159. [PMID: 31825295 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1677581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario Villa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
| | - Giulio Licchetta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Dinaro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Loverro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muzzupapa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Pellegrino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alessandro Manzoni Hospital, Lecco, Italy
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12
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Saran S, Singh AP, Khanna T. Ovarian fibroma with torsion in a young female. Ann Afr Med 2019; 18:210-211. [PMID: 31823957 PMCID: PMC6918788 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_2_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Saran
- Department of Radiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhay Pratap Singh
- Department of Radiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanvi Khanna
- Department of Radiology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India
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13
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Timor-Tritsch IE, Yoon E, Monteagudo A, Ciaffarano J, Brandon C, Mittal KR, Wallach RC, Boyd LR. Ultrasound and Histopathologic Correlation of Ovarian Cystadenofibromas: Diagnostic Value of the "Shadow Sign". JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:2973-2978. [PMID: 30927305 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cystadenofibromas (CAFs) are rare benign ovarian tumors without a widely accepted ultrasound (US) pattern. They are usually described by as thin-walled, unilocular or multilocular, and at times septated cysts with scant blood flow and no solid components. We describe a unique US feature, the "shadow sign," seen in prospectively diagnosed benign CAFs. We also provide the histopathologic basis for this typical US appearance. METHODS Ultrasound (US) examinations were performed in our obstetric and gynecologic US unit. Pathologic examinations were performed by a dedicated gynecologic pathology team. The US and pathology department's database was searched for the diagnosis of a CAF between 2010 and 2017. RESULTS We identified 20 patients who underwent transvaginal US examinations with a sole US diagnosis of a CAF, and the tumors were surgically removed. The common US feature across the 20 cases was the presence of hyperechoic avascular shadowing nodules. The correlating histologic features were unilocular or multilocular cysts with a smooth internal wall surface lined by a simple epithelium and occasional robust polypoid fibrous stroma. CONCLUSIONS This US marker helps in differentiating CAFs from borderline ovarian tumors, which do not show this US feature. We hope that recognizing the suggested shadow sign as an additional descriptor of CAFs will lead to minimizing their unnecessary removal and eliminating additional and unnecessary imaging by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan E Timor-Tritsch
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Esther Yoon
- Surgical Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ana Monteagudo
- Carnegie Imaging for Women, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jeanine Ciaffarano
- Surgical Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Caroline Brandon
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kushbakhat R Mittal
- Surgical Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert C Wallach
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leslie R Boyd
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Zarezadeh R, Mehdizadeh A, Leroy JLMR, Nouri M, Fayezi S, Darabi M. Action mechanisms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the oocyte maturation and developmental competence: Potential advantages and disadvantages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1016-1029. [PMID: 30073662 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infertility is a growing problem worldwide. Currently, in vitro fertilization (IVF) is widely performed to treat infertility. However, a high percentage of IVF cycles fails, due to the poor developmental potential of the retrieved oocyte to generate viable embryos. Fatty acid content of the follicular microenvironment can affect oocyte maturation and the subsequent developmental competence. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are mainly used by follicle components as primary energy sources whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a wide range of roles. A large body of evidence supports the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in prevention, treatment, and amelioration of some pathophysiological conditions including heart diseases, cancer, diabetes, and psychological disorders. Nevertheless, current findings regarding the effects of n-3 PUFAs on reproductive outcomes in general and on oocyte quality more specifically are inconsistent. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive overview of potential molecular mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs affect oocyte maturation and developmental competence, particularly in the setting of IVF and thereby aims to elucidate the reasons behind current discrepancies around this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zarezadeh
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jo L M R Leroy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gamete Research Center, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Fayezi
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, Inserm U1091 - CNRS U7277, Nice 06034, France
| | - Masoud Darabi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Mohapatra V, Patra S, Nayak M, Gharei R, Sahoo N. Cellular Fibroma of Ovary Coexisting with Proliferative Endometrium Post Menopause: A Rare Presentation. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:QD05-QD07. [PMID: 28892985 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/27199.10247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian fibromas are benign sex cord stromal tumours occurring in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women. These tumours are composed of spindle fibroblastic cells producing collagen. They are almost always endocrine-inert and are rarely associated with hormone production. We report herein a case of a 60-year-old Indian woman presenting as post-menopausal bleeding. Imaging studies and endometrial biopsy revealed a right ovarian solid tumour coexisting with thickened proliferative endometrium, other causes of hyperoestrogenism being excluded in the woman. She underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Histopathology showed cellular fibroma of right ovary and proliferative endometrium with foci of hyperplasia without atypia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mohapatra
- Senior Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Susama Patra
- Additional Professor and Head, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mamita Nayak
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Radhamohan Gharei
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Nibedita Sahoo
- Senior Resident, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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16
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Chen J, Wang J, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Li D. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging features of ovarian fibrothecoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1172-1178. [PMID: 28693292 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the imaging characteristics of ovarian fibrothecoma. The cases of 25 female patients with pathologically confirmed ovarian fibrothecomas were retrospectively reviewed. Tumor location, size, density, signal intensity, cystic degeneration, calcification, enhancement pattern and ascites were assessed by computed tomography (CT) (n=20) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=5). Clinical and histological features were also evaluated. The results revealed that 23 (92.0%) patients were postmenopausal, with a mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 60.7±10.8 years old. All 25 tumors were unilateral and a thickened endometrium was observed in 7 (28.0%) patients. In total, 24 (96.0%) tumors appeared to have well-defined boundaries, with 1 (4%) tumor exhibiting an obscure boundary. Tumors had a mean size of 9.8±5.3 cm. Solid and predominantly solid masses were found in 16 cases (64.0%), and cystic and predominantly cystic masses were found in 9 patients (36.0%). Solid regions of masses exhibited hypodensity or isodensity in 24 patients (96.0%), with 1 patient (4.0%) exhibiting hyperdensity. The mean CT value (± SD) was 44.2±12.8 HU (range, 31-79HU) in unenhanced images. All masses exhibited isointensity or slight hypointensity on T1-weighted imaging, and tumor parenchyma also exhibited slight hypointensity or isointensity on T2-weighted imaging compared with the myometrium, with or without areas of patchy hyperintensity. Contrast-enhanced CT or MRI scans were performed on 19 patients, and the solid components (94.7%) exhibited mild to moderate enhancement in 18 patients and 1 patient (5.3%) exhibited intense enhancement. Tumor size was positively correlated with the tumor cystic degeneration (r=0.77, P<0.001) and ascites (r=0.41, P<0.001). Therefore, ovarian fibrothecoma typically presents as solid or predominant solid masses with clear boundaries; the parenchyma of the tumor exhibits isodensity on CT scans, slight hypointensity or isointensity on MRI and mild enhancement following contrast-medium injection. The thickened endometrium observed in postmenopausal woman may also be a valuable imaging feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dake Li
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Abstract
Leiomyomas are the most common uterine tumor and the most common cause of uterine enlargement in the nonpregnant patient. Sonography is the imaging modality of choice for the initial diagnosis and imaging workup of uterine leiomyomas and is also extremely helpful in determining the etiology of a broad range of pelvic symptoms in the female patient. Although the classic sonographic appearance of uterine leiomyomas is well established and easily recognizable, other pelvic masses may occasionally be confused with uterine leiomyomas, and the ability to distinguish between these entities is crucial in optimizing appropriate patient care. This article will review pelvic abnormalities that can be confused on ultrasound with uterine leiomyomas and potential methods that can be used to avoid these pitfalls.
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18
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Horta M, Cunha TM. Sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovary: a comprehensive review and update for radiologists. Diagn Interv Radiol 2016; 21:277-86. [PMID: 26054417 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2015.34414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors are infrequent and represent approximately 7% of all primary ovarian tumors. This histopathologic ovarian tumor group differs considerably from the more prevalent epithelial ovarian tumors. Although sex cord-stromal tumors present in a broad age group, the majority tend to present as a low-grade disease that usually follows a nonaggressive clinical course in younger patients. Furthermore, because the constituent cells of these tumors are engaged in ovarian steroid hormone production (e.g., androgens, estrogens, and corticoids), sex cord-stromal tumors are commonly associated with various hormone-mediated syndromes and exhibit a wide spectrum of clinical features ranging from hyperandrogenic virilizing states to hyperestrogenic manifestations. The World Health Organization sex cord-stromal tumor classification has recently been revised, and currently these tumors have been regrouped into the following clinicopathologic entities: pure stromal tumors, pure sex cord tumors, and mixed sex cord-stromal tumors. Moreover, some entities considered in the former classification (e.g., stromal luteoma, stromal tumor with minor sex cord elements, and gynandroblastoma) are no longer considered separate tumors in the current classification. Herein, we discuss and revise the ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the different histopathologic types and clinicopathologic features of sex cord-stromal tumors to allow radiologists to narrow the differential diagnosis when facing ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Horta
- Department of Radiology, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal; Institute of Anatomy, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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19
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Chen H, Liu Y, Shen LF, Jiang MJ, Yang ZF, Fang GP. Ovarian thecoma-fibroma groups: clinical and sonographic features with pathological comparison. J Ovarian Res 2016; 9:81. [PMID: 27876070 PMCID: PMC5120502 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-016-0291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian thecoma-fibroma groups (OTFG) are uncommon sex cord-stromal neoplasms. The objective of the study was to demonstrate clinical and sonographic features of OTFG and compare with surgical histopathology. Methods A total of 61 patients with surgically proven OTFG were enrolled in this retrospective study to demonstrate its clinical and sonographic features and to compare with pathological findings. Gray scale and color Doppler sonography were performed presurgically with either transabdominal or transvaginal approach to image pelvic structures and lesions. The clinical findings and sonographic appearances were compared with the types of the OTFG tumors based on the histopathological diagnosis. Results The mean patient age was 53.57 (range, 26–86) years. There were 63.93% (39/61) patients in postmenopausal and 63.93% (39/61) patients with no clinical symptoms. Ultrasound findings of OTFG revealed as solid tumors with a typical feature of well-demarcated hypoechoic masses in 70.49% (43/61), among which 74.41% (32/43) tumors were smaller than 5 cm in diameter. There were 17 mixed echogenic masses with calcification, hemorrhage, or cyst, among which 70.59% (12/17) lesions were larger than 5 cm in diameter. Acoustic attenuation of the tumor was presented in 44.26% (27/61) of the cases. Doppler flow signals within the tumors were found in 20 cases (32.79%), in which 80% (16/20) had minimal or moderate flow signals. Ascites was detected in 32.79% (20/61) of the cases, Megi’s syndrome was found in 1 case. Final pathology revealed 41 (67.21%) thecoma-fibromas, 15 (24.59%) fibromas, 4 (6.56%) thecomas and 1 (1.64%) fibrosarcoma. There were 58 patients underwent cancer antigen 125 (CA125) test, and 20.69% (12/58) showed an elevated level. The diameter of tumors was found to be significantly correlated with CA125 level (p < 0.01) and the amount of ascites fluid (p < 0.05). Conclusions The typical sonographic features of OTFG include adnexal hypoechoic masses with clear border and acoustic attenuation as well as minimal Doppler flow signals. All the aforementioned features could make ultrasound imaging as a assistent tool improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Fei Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Jiao Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Fang Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Fang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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20
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Evaluation and Management of Ultrasonographically Detected Ovarian Tumors in Asymptomatic Women. Obstet Gynecol 2016; 127:848-858. [DOI: 10.1097/aog.0000000000001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Shen ZY, He AQ, Xia GL, Wu MF, Li J, Ding YS. New sonographic morphology score for the differentiation of malignant from benign ovarian tumors. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2016; 42:1000-12. [PMID: 27125323 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a new sonographic morphology score (SMS) to differentiate malignant from benign ovarian tumors. METHODS Data on 84 ovarian tumors in patients hospitalized in our hospital between 2013 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. We established a new sonographic morphology score for ovarian tumors based on volume and structure scores. The efficacy of the new SMS was compared with that of Ueland's index (the old SMS). Receiver-operator curves (ROC) of the two SMS were constructed, and the areas under the curve were calculated and compared. The ROC of the new SMS was also compared with those for the patients' CA-125 and CA-72-4 levels. RESULTS The area under the ROC of the new SMS for ovarian tumors was 0.836, while for the old SMS for ovarian tumors it was 0.709. By Z-test (Z = 2.452, P = 0.0384), there was a significant difference between the new SMS and the old SMS in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. There was no significant difference in the area under the ROC between the new SMS and CA-125 and CA-72-4 in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. With a cut-off value of 6, the sensitivity, specificity, positive prognostic value, and negative prognostic value of the new SMS were 0.797, 0.85, 0.944, and 0.567, respectively. CONCLUSION The new SMS may be used to differentiate malignant ovarian carcinomas from benign tumors except in the case of ovarian thecoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yong Shen
- Department of Radiology, Nantong University Affiliated Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ai Qin He
- Department of Gynecology, Nantong University Affiliated Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Gan Lin Xia
- Department of Radiology, Nantong University Affiliated Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Feng Wu
- Department of Radiology, Nantong University Affiliated Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Nantong University Affiliated Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yong Sheng Ding
- Department of Radiology, Nantong University Affiliated Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, China
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22
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Yin B, Li W, Cui Y, Chu C, Ding M, Chen J, Zhang P, Wu X. Value of diffusion-weighted imaging combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of thecomas/fibrothecomas and their differential diagnosis with malignant pelvic solid tumors. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:5. [PMID: 26744173 PMCID: PMC4705762 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-015-0760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aims to determine the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of thecomas/fibrothecomas and their differential diagnosis with malignant pelvic solid tumors. Methods In total, 36 thecomas/fibrothecomas and 40 malignant pelvic solid tumors were included in our study. All patients underwent 1.5 T conventional MRI and DWI examinations except one patient with a fibrothecoma in whom DWI examination was not performed. The clinical features and characteristics of conventional MRI and DWI of these two groups were analyzed. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were measured and compared between groups. Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic curve were used for statistical analysis. Results All the thecomas/fibrothecomas showed isointensity on T1 weighted imaging (T1WI) and 77.8 % (28/36) lesions showed hypo- to isointensity on T2 weighted imaging (T2WI). After administration of contrast medium, 94.4 % (34/36) tumors appeared as minor to mild enhancement. On DWI, they showed a diversity of low to very high signal intensity. All malignant pelvic masses manifested as hyperintensity on T2WI and 87.5 % (35/40) tumors showed very high signal (grade 3) on DWI. Higher area under the curve (AUC) and specificity could be achieved by using the lowest ADC value than the mean ADC value. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that shape, signal intensity on T2WI, capsule, and the lowest ADC value were the important indicators in discriminating thecomas/fibrothecomas from malignant pelvic solid tumors. Conclusions The combination of DWI and conventional MRI is of great value in the diagnosis of thecomas/fibrothecomas and their differential diagnosis with malignant pelvic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yanfen Cui
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Caiting Chu
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Xiangru Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Fremed MA, Levin TL, Sun KY, Weiser DA. Ovary preservation in the treatment of childhood Meigs syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015; 62:2011-4. [PMID: 26011288 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Meigs syndrome, the combination of benign ovarian tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion, is present in a small percentage of ovarian fibromas and is infrequently reported in children. When associated with elevated CA-125 suspicion is raised for malignancy, often prompting aggressive surgical intervention. We present a case of childhood Meigs syndrome and review the relevant literature with emphasis on ovary preservation. Out of nine identified pediatric cases, one involved ovary sparing treatment and none recurred or progressed to malignancy. Our report highlights the importance of presurgical identification of Meigs syndrome in order to curtail salpingo-oophorectomy when feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terry L Levin
- Department of Radiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Katherine Y Sun
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
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Zhang Z, Wu Y, Gao J. CT diagnosis in the thecoma-fibroma group of the ovarian stromal tumors. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 71:937-43. [PMID: 25315640 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate characteristic CT manifestations of the group of ovarian thecoma-fibroma. 24 patients (26 lesions) presenting with the ovarian thecoma-fibroma were analyzed retrospectively, and the diagnosis were confirmed by pathology after surgery. Our findings included: 22 patients were unilateral, while 2 were bilateral; 12 lesions were located in the right side of ovary, while 14 lesions were in the left side. Of the 26 lesions, there were ovarian thecoma (16 lesions), fibrothecoma (6 lesions), and fibroma (4 lesions). The largest diameters of tumor ranged from 37 to 231 mm with the mean value of 100 ± 44.29 mm. 14 patients were accompanied by ascites. All the tumors had well-defined borders. The shape of 22 lesions appeared round or oval, and 4 lesions were irregular. The tumors were solid in 19 lesions, cystic in 2 lesions, and mixed in 5 lesions. Most of the tumors were of heterogeneous density. There were no (20 lesions) or slight enhancement (6 lesions) after injection of the contrast medium. CT values of plain scan, arterial phase and venous among three groups had no significant difference. The enhancement were in the range of 0-5 HU in 10 lesions, and 6-17 HU in 16 lesions. In conclusion, the characteristic CT manifestations of the group of ovarian thecoma-fibroma were: often unilateral solid mass with the shape of oval and well defined border; no enhancement or slight enhancement; accompanied by small amount of ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Boujoual M, Hakimi I, Kouach J, Oukabli M, Moussaoui DR, Dehayni M. Large twisted ovarian fibroma in menopausal women: a case report. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:322. [PMID: 26175813 PMCID: PMC4491469 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.322.5998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian fibroma is the most common benign solid tumors of the ovary, commonly misdiagnosed as uterine fibromaor as malignant ovarian tumors. It occurs generally in older perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Occasionally large fibromas may undergo torsion causing acute abdominal pain. Doppler Ultrasonographyimaging is the choice study. CT and MRI are often needed for further characterization and differentiation from other solid ovarian masses. The choice treatment is surgical removal with intraoperative frozensection. Immunohistochemicalanalysis is recommended to rule out the differential diagnosis. Here we present a case of a postmenopausal woman with a large twisted ovarian fibroma reflecting diagnostic and management difficulties including potential misdiagnosis of the tumor as a malignant ovarian neoplasm that may influence the surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdouline Boujoual
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetric, University of Medicine Tangier, Military Training Hospital Med V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ihsan Hakimi
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetric, Military Training Hospital Med V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaouad Kouach
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetric, Military Training Hospital Med V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Oukabli
- Department of Pathology, Military Training Hospital Med V, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Mohammed Dehayni
- Department of Gynecology-Obstetric, Military Training Hospital Med V, Rabat, Morocco
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27
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Sayasneh A, Ekechi C, Ferrara L, Kaijser J, Stalder C, Sur S, Timmerman D, Bourne T. The characteristic ultrasound features of specific types of ovarian pathology (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:445-58. [PMID: 25406094 PMCID: PMC4277251 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing ovarian masses enables patients with malignancy to be appropriately triaged for treatment by subspecialist gynecological oncologists, which has been shown to optimize care and improve survival. Furthermore, correctly classifying benign masses facilitates the selection of patients with ovarian pathology that may either not require intervention, or be suitable for minimal access surgery if intervention is required. However, predicting whether a mass is benign or malignant is not the only clinically relevant information that we need to know before deciding on appropriate treatment. Knowing the specific histology of a mass is becoming of increasing importance as management options become more tailored to the individual patient. For example predicting a mucinous borderline tumor gives the opportunity for fertility sparing surgery, and will highlight the need for further gastrointestinal assessment. For benign disease, predicting the presence of an endometrioma and possible deeply infiltrating endometriosis is important when considering both who should perform and the extent of surgery. An examiner’s subjective assessment of the morphological and vascular features of a mass using ultrasonography has been shown to be highly effective for predicting whether a mass is benign or malignant. Many masses also have features that enable a reliable diagnosis of the specific pathology of a particular mass to be made. In this narrative review we aim to describe the typical morphological features seen on ultrasound of different adnexal masses and illustrate these by showing representative ultrasound images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sayasneh
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Christine Ekechi
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynecology Unit, Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Laura Ferrara
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynecology Unit, Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jeroen Kaijser
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catriona Stalder
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynecology Unit, Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Shyamaly Sur
- Early Pregnancy and Acute Gynecology Unit, Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Dirk Timmerman
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Bourne
- Department of Cancer and Surgery, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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Algorithmic approach to solid adnexal masses and their mimics: utilization of anatomic relationships and imaging features to facilitate diagnosis. ABDOMINAL IMAGING 2014; 39:1284-96. [PMID: 24852312 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Solid adnexal masses, while less common than their cystic counterparts, may present a challenge for radiologists given the wide range of histologic entities that occur in this region. Pelvic masses, especially when large, can seem overwhelming at first but application of an algorithmic approach allows for more confident assessment. This approach focuses first on the use of anatomic relationships and interactions of various pelvic structures to localize the mass' origin. For instance, the directionality of ureteral displacement can suggest if a mass is intra or extraperitoneal. Then, key discriminating imaging features, such as the presence of fat, hypervascularity, or low T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be applied to further narrow the list of diagnostic possibilities. Entities such as leiomyomas, nerve sheath tumors, congenital uterine anomalies, and vascular abnormalities (ovarian torsion or iliac vessel aneurysm) in particular are often accurately characterized with sonography and/or MRI. For solid adnexal masses in which a definitive diagnosis by imaging is not reached, information germane to clinicians regarding further management can still be provided, principally with regard to surgical vs. nonsurgical treatment.
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