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Amiri M, Kaviari MA, Rostaminasab G, Barimani A, Rezakhani L. A novel cell-free therapy using exosomes in the inner ear regeneration. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102373. [PMID: 38640600 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and molecular alterations associated with hearing loss are now better understood with advances in molecular biology. These changes indicate the participation of distinct damage and stress pathways that are unlikely to be fully addressed by conventional pharmaceutical treatment. Sensorineural hearing loss is a common and debilitating condition for which comprehensive pharmacologic intervention is not available. The complex and diverse molecular pathology that underlies hearing loss currently limits our ability to intervene with small molecules. The present review focuses on the potential for the use of extracellular vesicles in otology. It examines a variety of inner ear diseases and hearing loss that may be treatable using exosomes (EXOs). The role of EXOs as carriers for the treatment of diseases related to the inner ear as well as EXOs as biomarkers for the recognition of diseases related to the ear is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amiri
- Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kaviari
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gelavizh Rostaminasab
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Barimani
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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2
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Zhu K, Wang T, Li S, Liu Z, Zhan Y, Zhang Q. NcRNA: key and potential in hearing loss. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1333131. [PMID: 38298898 PMCID: PMC10827912 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1333131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss has an extremely high prevalence worldwide and brings incredible economic and social burdens. Mechanisms such as epigenetics are profoundly involved in the initiation and progression of hearing loss and potentially yield definite strategies for hearing loss treatment. Non-coding genes occupy 97% of the human genome, and their transcripts, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are widely participated in regulating various physiological and pathological situations. NcRNAs, mainly including micro-RNAs (miRNAs), long-stranded non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism and cell death by modulating gene expression and protein-protein interactions, thus impacting the occurrence and prognosis of hearing loss. This review provides a detailed overview of ncRNAs, especially miRNAs and lncRNAs, in the pathogenesis of hearing loss. We also discuss the shortcomings and issues that need to be addressed in the study of hearing loss ncRNAs in the hope of providing viable therapeutic strategies for the precise treatment of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sicheng Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zeming Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Ray M, Rath SN, Sarkar S, Sable MN. Presentation of potential genes and deleterious variants associated with non-syndromic hearing loss: a computational approach. Genomics Inform 2022; 20:e5. [PMID: 35399004 PMCID: PMC9001992 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common hereditary disorder. Both clinical and genetic heterogeneity has created many obstacles to understanding the causes of NSHL. The present study has attempted to ravel the genetic aetiology in NSHL progression and to screen out potential target genes using computational approaches. The reported NSHL target genes (2009-2020) have been studied by analyzing different biochemical and signaling pathways, interpretation of their functional association network, and discovery of important regulatory interactions with three previously established miRNAs in the human inner ear as well as in NSHL such as miR-183, miR-182, and miR-96. This study has identified SMAD4 and SNAI2 as the most putative target genes of NSHL. But pathogenic and deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms discovered within SMAD4 is anticipated to have an impact on NSHL progression. Additionally, the identified deleterious variants in the functional domains of SMAD4 added a supportive clue for further study. Thus, the identified deleterious variant i.e., rs377767367 (G491V) in SMAD4 needs further clinical validation. The present outcomes would provide insights into the genetics of NSHL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Surya Narayan Rath
- Department of Bioinformatics, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Saurav Sarkar
- Department of Ear Nose Throat, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
| | - Mukund Namdev Sable
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751019, India
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4
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A nexus of miR-1271, PAX4 and ALK/RYK influences the cytoskeletal architectures in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes. Biochem J 2021; 478:3297-3317. [PMID: 34409981 PMCID: PMC8454712 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) share a common hallmark of insulin resistance. Reportedly, two non-canonical Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs), ALK and RYK, both targets of the same micro RNA miR-1271, exhibit significant and consistent functional down-regulation in post-mortem AD and T2D tissues. Incidentally, both have Grb2 as a common downstream adapter and NOX4 as a common ROS producing factor. Here we show that Grb2 and NOX4 play critical roles in reducing the severity of both the diseases. The study demonstrates that the abundance of Grb2 in degenerative conditions, in conjunction with NOX4, reverse cytoskeletal degradation by counterbalancing the network of small GTPases. PAX4, a transcription factor for both Grb2 and NOX4, emerges as the key link between the common pathways of AD and T2D. Down-regulation of both ALK and RYK through miR-1271, elevates the PAX4 level by reducing its suppressor ARX via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling. For the first time, this study brings together RTKs beyond Insulin Receptor (IR) family, transcription factor PAX4 and both AD and T2D pathologies on a common regulatory platform.
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Maharajan N, Cho GW, Jang CH. Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Cochlear Regeneration. In Vivo 2021; 35:13-22. [PMID: 33402445 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss is one of the major worldwide health problems that seriously affects human social and cognitive development. In the auditory system, three components outer ear, middle ear and inner ear are essential for the hearing mechanism. In the inner ear, sensory hair cells and ganglion neuronal cells are the essential supporters for hearing mechanism. Damage to these cells can be caused by long-term exposure of excessive noise, ototoxic drugs (aminoglycosides), ear tumors, infections, heredity and aging. Since mammalian cochlear hair cells do not regenerate naturally, some therapeutic interventions may be required to replace the damaged or lost cells. Cochlear implants and hearing aids are the temporary solutions for people suffering from severe hearing loss. The current discoveries in gene therapy may provide a deeper understanding in essential genes for the inner ear regeneration. Stem cell migration, survival and differentiation to supporting cells, cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons are the important foundation in understanding stem cell therapy. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue and placenta) could be used in inner ear therapy. Transplanted MSCs in the inner ear can recruit homing factors at the damaged sites to induce transdifferentiation into inner hair cells and ganglion neurons or regeneration of sensory hair cells, thus enhancing the cochlear function. This review summarizes the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells in hearing restoration and combining stem cell and molecular therapeutic strategies can also be used in the recovery of cochlear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Maharajan
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Gentile G, Paciello F, Zorzi V, Spampinato AG, Guarnaccia M, Crispino G, Tettey-Matey A, Scavizzi F, Raspa M, Fetoni AR, Cavallaro S, Mammano F. miRNA and mRNA Profiling Links Connexin Deficiency to Deafness via Early Oxidative Damage in the Mouse Stria Vascularis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:616878. [PMID: 33569381 PMCID: PMC7868390 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.616878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mutations in the non-syndromic hearing loss and deafness 1 (DFNB1) locus are the primary cause of monogenic inheritance for prelingual hearing loss. To unravel molecular pathways involved in etiopathology and look for early degeneration biomarkers, we used a system biology approach to analyze Cx30−/− mice at an early cochlear post-natal developmental stage. These mice are a DFNB1 mouse model with severely reduced expression levels of two connexins in the inner ear, Cx30, and Cx26. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the cochleae of Cx30−/− mice at post-natal day 5 revealed the overexpression of five miRNAs (miR-34c, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-141, and miR-181a) linked to apoptosis, oxidative stress, and cochlear degeneration, which have Sirt1 as a common target of transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional regulation. In young adult Cx30−/− mice (3 months of age), these alterations culminated with blood barrier disruption in the Stria vascularis (SV), which is known to have the highest aerobic metabolic rate of all cochlear structures and whose microvascular alterations contribute to age-related degeneration and progressive decline of auditory function. Our experimental validation of selected targets links hearing acquisition failure in Cx30−/− mice, early oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation to the activation of the Sirt1–p53 axis. This is the first integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA in the cochlea of the Cx30−/− mouse model, providing evidence that connexin downregulation determines a miRNA-mediated response which leads to chronic exhaustion of cochlear antioxidant defense mechanisms and consequent SV dysfunction. Our analyses support the notion that connexin dysfunction intervenes early on during development, causing vascular damage later on in life. This study identifies also early miRNA-mediated biomarkers of hearing impairment, either inherited or age related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gentile
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paciello
- Department of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Zorzi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gianmaria Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Catania, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Crispino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Abraham Tettey-Matey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Fetoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Mammano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council (CNR) Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rome, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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7
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Pourteymourfard Tabrizi Z, Jami MS. Selection of suitable bioinformatic tools in micro-RNA research. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Farnoosh G, Mahmoudian-Sani MR. Effects of Growth Factors and the MicroRNA-183 Family on Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Towards Auditory Neuron-Like Cells. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 13:79-89. [PMID: 32982315 PMCID: PMC7490102 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s248526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hearing Loss (HL) is known as the most common sensory processing disorder across the world. An effective treatment which has been currently used for patients suffering from this condition is cochlear implant (CI). The major limitation of this treatment is the need for a healthy auditory neuron (AN). Accordingly, mesenchymal cells (MCs) are regarded as good candidates for cell-based therapeutic approaches. The present study aimed to investigate the potentials of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) for differentiation towards ANs along with using treatments with growth factors and microRNA (miRNA) transfection in vitro. Methods To this end, neurospheres derived from hBM-MSCs were treated via basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as growth factors N2 and B27 supplements, as well as miRNA-96, -182, -183 transfected into hBM-MSCs in order to evaluate the differentiation of such cells into ANs. Results Treatments with growth factors demonstrated a significant increase in neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) and sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) markers; but tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) markers were not statistically significant. The findings also revealed that miRNA-182 expression in miRNA-183 family could boost the expressions of some AN marker (ie, Ngn1, SOX2, peripherin, and nestin) in vitro. Discussion It can be concluded that miRNA is probably a good substitute for growth factors used in differentiating into ANs. Transdifferentiation of hBM-MSCs into ANs, which does not occur under normal conditions, may be thus facilitated by miRNAs, especially miRNA-182, or via a combination of miRNA and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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9
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Yan Y, Zhang K, Zhou G, Hu W. MicroRNAs Responding to Space Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186603. [PMID: 32917057 PMCID: PMC7555309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy and high-atom-number (HZE) space radiation poses an inevitable potential threat to astronauts on deep space exploration missions. Compared with low-LET radiation, high-energy and high-LET radiation in space is more efficient in inducing clustered DNA damage with more serious biological consequences, such as carcinogenesis, central nervous system injury and degenerative disease. Space radiation also causes epigenetic changes in addition to inducing damage at the DNA level. Considering the important roles of microRNAs in the regulation of biological responses of radiation, we systematically reviewed both expression profiling and functional studies relating to microRNAs responding to space radiation as well as to space compound environment. Finally, the directions for improvement of the research related to microRNAs responding to space radiation are proposed. A better understanding of the functions and underlying mechanisms of the microRNAs responding to space radiation is of significance to both space radiation risk assessment and therapy development for lesions caused by space radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangming Zhou
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-512-65884829 (G.Z.); +86-512-65882451 (W.H.)
| | - Wentao Hu
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (W.H.); Tel.: +86-512-65884829 (G.Z.); +86-512-65882451 (W.H.)
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10
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Mehri Ghahfarrokhi A, Jami MS, Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori M. Upregulation of Neuroprogenitor and Neural Markers via Enforced miR-124 and Growth Factor Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 9:62-70. [PMID: 32832485 PMCID: PMC7422846 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.9.1.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that miR-124 plays an important role in the development of auditory neurons, which are degenerated in the sensorineural hearing loss. However, whether the combined use of miR-124 and growth factors can increase the expression of neural related markers in human dental pulp stem cells has been remained unknown so far. In this study, human dental pulp stem cells were transfected with miR-124 following treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or epidermal growth factor/basic fibroblast growth factor. The expression of some neural related markers (nestin, SOX2, β-tubulin III, MAP2, and peripherin) was analyzed in two groups by qRT-PCR or immunofluorescence. Cellular treatment resulted in morphological changes including neurosphere-like colonies formation. Nestin and SOX2 were up-regulated, and MAP2 and peripherin were down-regulated in dental pulp stem cells transfected by miR-124 following treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Replacement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor with epidermal growth factor/ basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in the up-regulation of nestin, MAP2, peripherin, and β-tubulin III and down-regulation of SOX2. The expression of SOX2 and nestin was also confirmed by immunofluorescence. The combination of miR-124 and growth factors would provide a promising starting point for upregulating the neural progenitor markers in human dental pulp stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Mehri Ghahfarrokhi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morteza Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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11
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Lai R, Cai C, Wu W, Hu P, Wang Q. Exosomes derived from mouse inner ear stem cells attenuate gentamicin-induced ototoxicity in vitro through the miR-182-5p/FOXO3 axis. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1149-1156. [PMID: 32593214 DOI: 10.1002/term.3089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cell ototoxicity, such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, could be attenuated by mouse inner ear stem cells (IESCs). However, it is still unclear whether such protective effects could be mediated by exosomes derived from IESCs (IESCs-ex). In the present study, HEI-OC1 cells were exposed to gentamicin (2 mM) to establish an ototoxicity model and further treated with exosomes isolated from miR-182-5p transferred or non-transferred IESCs. IESCs-ex improved HEI-OC1 cell viability, as assayed by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method, and alleviated the oxidative stress response induced by the gentamicin treatment, as confirmed by measuring the malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels. IESCs-ex increased relative miR-182-5p expression and decreased FOXO3 expression in the gentamicin-exposed HEI-OC1 cells. Furthermore, exosomes derived from miR-182-5p mimics that were pre-treated with IESCs could increase miR-182-5p and Bcl-2 expressions and decrease FOXO3 and Bax expressions in gentamicin-exposed HEI-OC1 cells. All of these results indicate that IESCs-ex could attenuate gentamicin-induced HEI-OC1 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress through the miR-182-5p/FOXO3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosha Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cuiyun Cai
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijing Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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12
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Chang SY, Carpena NT, Mun S, Jung JY, Chung PS, Shim H, Han K, Ahn JC, Lee MY. Enhanced Inner-Ear Organoid Formation from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Photobiomodulation. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:556-567. [PMID: 32258218 PMCID: PMC7118273 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) stimulates different types of stem cells to migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the effects of PBM on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) toward the otic lineage. Only a few reports have documented the in vitro differentiation of ESCs into inner-ear hair cells (HCs) due to the complexity of HCs compared with other target cell types. In this study, we determined the optimal condition to differentiate the ESCs into the otic organoid using different culture techniques and PBM parameters. The efficiency of organoid formation within the embryoid body (EB) was dependent on the cell density of the hanging drop. PBM, using 630 nm wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs), further improved the differentiation of inner-ear hair cell-like cells coupled with reactive oxygen species (ROS) overexpression. Transcriptome analysis showed the factors that are responsible for the effect of PBM in the formation of otic organoids, notably, the downregulation of neural development-associated genes and the hairy and enhancer of split 5 (Hes5) gene, which inhibits the differentiation of prosensory cells to hair cells. These data enrich the current differentiation protocols for generating inner-ear hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Chang
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel T Carpena
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Mun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,DKU-Theragen Institute for NGS Analysis (DTiNa), 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yun Jung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Phil-Sang Chung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosup Shim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,DKU-Theragen Institute for NGS Analysis (DTiNa), 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Chul Ahn
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Lee
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zhang ZW, Pang B, Chen YC, Peng AQ. TMPRSS3 regulates cell viability and apoptosis processes of HEI-OC1 cells via regulation of the circ-Slc4a2, miR-182 and Akt cascade. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3118. [PMID: 31408246 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the functions and regulation mechanism of the transmembrane protease, serine 3 (TMPRSS3), which plays an important role in sensorineural hearing loss. METHODS House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 (HEI-OC1) cells, comprising auditory-related cells, were used in the present study. An overexpression vector and small hairpin RNA target on TMPRSS3 were designed and transfected into HEI-OC1 cells. Circular RNA (circRNA) sequencing was conducted and expression profiles were obtained. The circular structure of circRNAs was validated with a polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing using convergent and divergent primers. RESULTS Overexpression of TMPRSS3 increased cell viability, whereas suppression of TMPRSS3 increased the percentage of apoptotic cells and decreased cell viability, compared to the control group. circRNA sequencing provided expression profiles indicating that the overexpression of TMPRSS3 increased the expression level of 195 circRNAs. Results of GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) studies indicated that the circRNAs are focused on the RAS signaling pathway. The pathway, circ-Slc41a2 (chr10: 82744115|82767120), miR-182 and Akt, might comprise one of the key cascades of TMPRSS3. CONCLUSIONS TMPRSS3 is an important molecule in the regulation of cell viability and cell apoptosis of HEI-OC1 cells. Its functions are dependent on the circ-Slc41a2, miR-182 and Akt cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Chao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - An-Quan Peng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Increased levels of miR-124 in human dental pulp stem cells alter the expression of neural markers. J Otol 2019; 14:121-127. [PMID: 32742271 PMCID: PMC7387844 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory neuropathy is the particular form of deafness in humans which cannot be treated by replacement therapy. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are derived from an ectomesenchymal neural crest cell population. Therefore, they possess a promising capacity for neuronal differentiation and repair. miR-124, a key regulator of neuronal development in the inner ear, is expressed at high levels in auditory and vestibular neurons. Here, we evaluated the possible effect of miR-124 in alteration of neural protein markers expression. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses and immunofluorescence staining, we studied the expression patterns of neural progenitor markers (Nestin, NOTCH1, and SOX2) and neural markers (β-tubulin III, GATA-3, and peripherin) upon transfection of hDPSCs with miR-124. The qRT-PCR results showed that Nestin was upregulated 6 h post-transfection. In contrast, Nestin expression exhibited a decreasing trend 24 h and 48 h post-transfection. Higher levels of β-tubulin III, 6 h and 16 h post transfection in RNA level as compared with control cells, were determined in transfected DPSCs. However, β-tubulin-III expression decreased 48 h post-transfection. The immunoflourescence results indicated that transfection of hDPSCs with miR-124, only affected Nestin among the studied neural progenitor and neural marker expression in protein level.
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Key Words
- DPSCs
- Nestin
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Spiral ganglion neurons
- basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF
- bone morphogenetic protein 4, BMP4
- bovin serum albumin, BSA
- brain derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF
- epidermal growth factor, EGF
- human dental pulp stem cells, hDPSCs
- miR-124
- neurotrophin-3, NT3
- quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, qRT-PCR
- sonic hedgehog, SHH
- spiral ganglion neurons, SGNs
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15
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Ghanavatinejad F, Fard Tabrizi ZP, Omidghaemi S, Sharifi E, Møller SG, Jami MS. Protein biomarkers of neural system. J Otol 2019; 14:77-88. [PMID: 31467504 PMCID: PMC6712353 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of biomarkers for in vivo and in vitro research is growing rapidly. This is mainly due to the enormous potential of biomarkers in evaluating molecular and cellular abnormalities in cell models and in tissue, and evaluating drug responses and the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention strategies. An important way to analyze the development of the human body is to assess molecular markers in embryonic specialized cells, which include the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Neuronal development is controlled through the gene networks in the neural crest and neural tube, both components of the ectoderm. The neural crest differentiates into several different tissues including, but not limited to, the peripheral nervous system, enteric nervous system, melanocyte, and the dental pulp. The neural tube eventually converts to the central nervous system. This review provides an overview of the differentiation of the ectoderm to a fully functioning nervous system, focusing on molecular biomarkers that emerge at each stage of the cellular specialization from multipotent stem cells to completely differentiated cells. Particularly, the otic placode is the origin of most of the inner ear cell types such as neurons, sensory hair cells, and supporting cells. During the development, different auditory cell types can be distinguished by the expression of the neurogenin differentiation factor1 (Neuro D1), Brn3a, and transcription factor GATA3. However, the mature auditory neurons express other markers including βIII tubulin, the vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT1), the tyrosine receptor kinase B and C (Trk B, C), BDNF, neurotrophin 3 (NT3), Calretinin, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghanavatinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Pourteymour Fard Tabrizi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shadi Omidghaemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Simon Geir Møller
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY, USA.,The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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16
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Role of microRNAs in inner ear development and hearing loss. Gene 2018; 686:49-55. [PMID: 30389561 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of hearing loss tends to be multi-factorial and affects a significant proportion of the global population. Despite the differences in etiology, a common physical pathological change that leads to hearing loss is damage to the mechanosensory hair cells of the inner ear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a role in inner ear development and thus, may play a role in the development or prevention of hearing loss. In this paper, we review the mechanism of action of miRNAs in the auditory system. We present an overview about the role of miRNAs in inner ear development, summarize the current research on the role of miRNAs in gene regulation, and discuss the effects of both miRNA mutations as well as overexpression. We discuss the crucial role of miRNAs in ensuring normal physiological development of the inner ear. Any deviation from the proper function of miRNA in the cochlea seems to contribute to deleterious damage to the structure of the auditory system and subsequently results in hearing loss. As interest for miRNA research increases, this paper serves as a platform to review current understandings and postulate future avenues for research. A better knowledge about the role of miRNA in the auditory system will help in developing novel treatment modalities for restoring hearing function based on regeneration of damaged inner ear hair cells.
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17
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Circulating Serum miRNA-205 as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Ototoxicity in Mice Treated with Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092836. [PMID: 30235835 PMCID: PMC6163699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To confirm levels and detection timing of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the serum of a mouse model for diagnosis of ototoxicity, circulating miR-205 in the serum was evaluated to reflect damages in the cochlear microstructure and compared to a kidney injury model. Method: A microarray for miRNAs in the serum was performed to assess the ototoxic effects of kanamycin-furosemide. Changes in the levels for the selected miRNAs (miR-205, miR-183, and miR-103) were compared in the serum and microstructures of the cochlea (stria vascularis, organ of Corti, and modiolus) between the ototoxicity and normal mouse groups. An acute kidney injury (AKI) mouse model was used to assess changes in miR-205 levels in the kidney by ototoxic drugs. Results: In the mouse model for ototoxicity, the serum levels of circulating miR-205 peaked on day 3 and were sustained from days 7–14. Furthermore, miR-205 expression was highly expressed in the organ of Corti at day 5, continued to be expressed in the modiolus at high levels until day 14, and was finally also in the stria vascularis. The serum miR-205 in the AKI mice did not change significantly compared to the normal group. Conclusions Circulating miR-205 from the cochlea, after ototoxic damage, migrates through the blood vessels to organs, which is then finally found in blood. In conditions of hearing impairment with ototoxic medications, detection of circulating miR-205 in the blood can be used to determine the extent of hearing loss. In the future, inner ear damage can be identified by simply performing a blood test before the hearing impairment due to ototoxic drugs.
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18
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Mahmoodian-sani MR, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A. The potential of miR-183 family expression in inner ear for regeneration, treatment, diagnosis and prognosis of hearing loss. J Otol 2018; 12:55-61. [PMID: 29937838 PMCID: PMC5963458 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA-183 family, in normal biology, is expressed in a harmonious and stable manner in the neurosensory organs and cells. Studies have also shown that miRNA-183 family, in different pathways, affects the neurosensory development, maintenance, survival and function. In addition, it has potential neuroprotective effects in response to neurosensory destructive stimulations. miRNA-96 mutation causes hereditary deafness in humans and mice, and therefore affects the inner ear activity and its maintenance. Certain roles have been identified for miR-96 in the maintenance and function of the inner ear. The comparison of the target genes of family-183 in transcriptomes of newborn and adult hair cells shows that hundreds of target genes in this family may affect development and maintenance of the ears. Identifying the genes that are regulated by miRNA-183 family provides researchers with important information about the complex development and environmental regulation of the inner ear, and can offer new approaches to the maintenance and regeneration of hair cells and auditory nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahmoodian-sani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Dept. of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Corresponding author. Fax: +98 381 3330709.
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19
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Mittal R, Patel AP, Nguyen D, Pan DR, Jhaveri VM, Rudman JR, Dharmaraja A, Yan D, Feng Y, Chapagain P, Lee DJ, Blanton SH, Liu XZ. Genetic basis of hearing loss in Spanish, Hispanic and Latino populations. Gene 2018; 647:297-305. [PMID: 29331482 PMCID: PMC5806531 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is the most common neurosensory disorder affecting humans. The screening, prevention and treatment of HL require a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Genetic predisposition is one of the most common factors that leads to HL. Most HL studies include few Spanish, Hispanic and Latino participants, leaving a critical gap in our understanding about the prevalence, impact, unmet health care needs, and genetic factors associated with hearing impairment among Spanish, Hispanic and Latino populations. The few studies which have been performed show that the gene variants commonly associated with HL in non-Spanish and non-Hispanic populations are infrequently responsible for hearing impairment in Spanish as well as Hispanic and Latino populations (hereafter referred to as Hispanic). To design effective screening tools to detect HL in Spanish and Hispanic populations, studies must be conducted to determine the gene variants that are most commonly associated with hearing impairment in this racial/ethnic group. In this review article, we summarize gene variants and loci associated with HL in Spanish and Hispanic populations. Identifying new genetic variants associated with HL in Spanish and Hispanic populations will pave the way to develop effective screening tools and therapeutic strategies for HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amit P Patel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Debbie R Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason R Rudman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Arjuna Dharmaraja
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Denise Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Prem Chapagain
- Department of Physics and Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David J Lee
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan H Blanton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xue Zhong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 10084, China; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss (ARHL), is the result of physiologic and pathologic changes associated with advancing age. ARHL presents typically with a high-frequency hearing loss, which contributes to greater trouble hearing consonants within words. Consonants convey the bulk of meaning within a word, and this loss of linguistic information results in complaints associated with ARHL. Hearing aids and cochlear implants significantly improve the lives of older adults with hearing loss, in particular, those with depression and dementia. Successful current research in gene therapy, pharmacotherapy, and stems cells holds the promise of being able to restore native cochlear function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Patel
- Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 West Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Brian J McKinnon
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Neurosurgery, 219 North Broad Street, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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21
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Yang Y, Ma Z, Yang G, Wan J, Li G, Du L, Lu P. Alginate oligosaccharide indirectly affects toll-like receptor signaling via the inhibition of microRNA-29b in aneurysm patients after endovascular aortic repair. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2565-2579. [PMID: 28919708 PMCID: PMC5590761 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s140206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) is often followed by aneurysm recurrence. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) has potential antitumor properties as a natural product while the related mechanisms remain unclear. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is associated with inflammatory activity of aneurysm and may be affected by miR-29b. Thus, inhibitory function of AOS on aneurysms was explored by measuring the important molecules in TLR4 signaling. After EVAR, a total of 248 aortic aneurysm patients were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: AOS group (AG, oral administration 10-mg AOS daily) and control group (CG, placebo daily). The size of residual aneurysms, aneurysm recurrence, and side effects were investigated. Aneurysm recurrence was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. After 2 years, eight and two patients died in the CG and AG, respectively. The sizes of residual aneurysms were significantly larger in the CG than in the AG (P<0.05). The incidence of aneurysm recurrence was also significantly higher in the CG than in the AG (P<0.05). AOS treatment reduced the levels of miR-29b, TLR4, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), interleukin 1 (IL-1) beta, and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Overexpression and silence of miR-29b increased and reduced the level of TLR4, phospho-p65 NF-kappa B, phospho-p38 MAPK, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Spearman's rank correlation analysis shows that the level of miR-29b is positively related to the levels of TLR4, NF-kappa B, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 (P<0.05). Thus, AOS represses aneurysm recurrence by indirectly affecting TLR signaling via miR-29b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenhuan Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guokai Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Guojian Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lingjuan Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Abdominal Surgery Centre in Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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22
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Molecular Mechanisms behind Free Radical Scavengers Function against Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6030051. [PMID: 28698499 PMCID: PMC5618079 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that oxidative stress is involved in a wide variety of human diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cancers, etc. Here, we discuss the significance of oxidative conditions in different disease, with the focus on neurodegenerative disease including Parkinson's disease, which is mainly caused by oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively), collectively known as RONS, are produced by cellular enzymes such as myeloperoxidase, NADPH-oxidase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Natural antioxidant systems are categorized into enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant groups. The former includes a number of enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while the latter contains a number of antioxidants acquired from dietary sources including vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids and polyphenols. There are also scavengers used for therapeutic purposes, such as 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) used routinely in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (not as a free radical scavenger), and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (Edaravone) that acts as a free radical detoxifier frequently used in acute ischemic stroke. The cell surviving properties of L-DOPA and Edaravone against oxidative stress conditions rely on the alteration of a number of stress proteins such as Annexin A1, Peroxiredoxin-6 and PARK7/DJ-1 (Parkinson disease protein 7, also known as Protein deglycase DJ-1). Although they share the targets in reversing the cytotoxic effects of H₂O₂, they seem to have distinct mechanism of function. Exposure to L-DOPA may result in hypoxia condition and further induction of ORP150 (150-kDa oxygen-regulated protein) with its concomitant cytoprotective effects but Edaravone seems to protect cells via direct induction of Peroxiredoxin-2 and inhibition of apoptosis.
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23
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Yu P, Hu Y, Zhou H, Guo L, Xu X, Zhu X, Waqas M, Qi J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen F, Tang M, Qian X, Shi H, Gao X, Chai R. Characterization of Lgr5+ Progenitor Cell Transcriptomes after Neomycin Injury in the Neonatal Mouse Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:213. [PMID: 28725177 PMCID: PMC5496572 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lgr5+ supporting cells (SCs) are enriched hair cell (HC) progenitors in the cochlea. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HC injury can spontaneously activate Lgr5+ progenitors to regenerate HCs in the neonatal mouse cochlea. Promoting HC regeneration requires the understanding of the mechanism of HC regeneration, and this requires knowledge of the key genes involved in HC injury-induced self-repair responses that promote the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. Here, as expected, we found that neomycin-treated Lgr5+ progenitors (NLPs) had significantly greater HC regeneration ability, and greater but not significant proliferation ability compared to untreated Lgr5+ progenitors (ULPs) in response to neomycin exposure. Next, we used RNA-seq analysis to determine the differences in the gene-expression profiles between the transcriptomes of NLPs and ULPs from the neonatal mouse cochlea. We first analyzed the genes that were enriched and differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs and then analyzed the cell cycle genes, the transcription factors, and the signaling pathway genes that might regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5+ progenitors. We found 9 cell cycle genes, 88 transcription factors, 8 microRNAs, and 16 cell-signaling pathway genes that were significantly upregulated or downregulated after neomycin injury in NLPs. Lastly, we constructed a protein-protein interaction network to show the interaction and connections of genes that are differentially expressed in NLPs and ULPs. This study has identified the genes that might regulate the proliferation and HC regeneration of Lgr5+ progenitors after neomycin injury, and investigations into the roles and mechanisms of these genes in the cochlea should be performed in the future to identify potential therapeutic targets for HC regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Bioinformatics Department, Admera Health LLCSouth Plainfield, NJ, United States
| | - Yao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Lingna Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Department of Biotechnology, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and TechnologyKarachi, Pakistan
| | - Jieyu Qi
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Stem Cell and Neural Regeneration, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Haibo Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjing, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China.,Research Institute of OtolaryngologyNanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong UniversityNantong, China
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Mehri-Ghahfarrokhi A, Ahmadinejad F, Hashemzadeh-Chaleshtori M, Saidijam M, Jami MS. MicroRNAs: effective elements in ear-related diseases and hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 274:2373-2380. [PMID: 28224282 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-017-4470-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are important factors for post-transcriptional process that controls gene expression at mRNA level. Various biological processes, including growth and differentiation, are regulated by miRNAs. miRNAs have been demonstrated to play an essential role in development and progression of hearing loss. Nowadays, miRNAs are known as critical factors involved in different physiological, biological, and pathological processes, such as gene expression, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, age-related hearing loss, noise-induced hearing loss, cholesteatoma, schwannomas, and inner ear inflammation. The miR-183 family (miR-183, miR-96 and miR-182) is expressed abundantly in some types of sensory cells in inner ear specially mechanosensory hair cells that exhibit a great expression level of this family. The plasma levels of miR-24-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-185-5p, and miR-451a were upregulated during noise exposures, and increased levels of miR-21 have been found in vestibular schwannomas and human cholesteatoma. In addition, upregulation of pro-apoptotic miRNAs and downregulation of miRNAs which promote differentiation and proliferation in age-related degeneration of the organ of Corti may potentially serve as a helpful biomarker for the early detection of age-related hearing loss. This knowledge represents miRNAs as promising diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Ahmadinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Saeid Jami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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