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Zelenka Martin A, Weston D, Kesten JM, French CE. A scoping review of behavioural science approaches and frameworks for health protection and emergency response. Perspect Public Health 2024:17579139241257102. [PMID: 38859635 DOI: 10.1177/17579139241257102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Rapid intervention development, implementation, and evaluation are required for emergency public health contexts, such as the recent COVID-19 pandemic. A novel Agile Co-production and Evaluation (ACE) framework has been developed to assist this endeavour in future public health emergencies. This scoping review aimed to map available behavioural science resources that can be used to develop and evaluate public health guidance, messaging, and interventions in emergency contexts onto components of ACE: rapid development and implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and inclusion of evaluation. METHODS A scoping review methodology was used. Searches were run on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Google, with search terms covering emergency response and behavioural science. Articles published since 2014 and which discussed a framework or guidance for using behavioural science in response to a public health emergency were included. A narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS Seventeen records were included in the synthesis. The records covered a range of emergency contexts, the most frequent of which were COVID-19 (n = 7) and non-specific emergencies (n = 4). One record evaluated existing approaches, 6 proposed new approaches, and 10 described existing approaches. Commonly used approaches included the Behavioural Change Wheel; Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour model; and social identity theory. Three records discuss co-production with the target audience and consideration of diverse populations. Four records incorporate rapid testing, evaluation, or validation methods. Six records state that their approaches are designed to be implemented rapidly. No records cover all components of ACE. CONCLUSION We recommend that future research explores how to create guidance involving rapid implementation, co-production with patients or the public including seldom heard voices from diverse communities, and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zelenka Martin
- MSc Public Health Student, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - D Weston
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Behavioural Science and Insights Unit, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emergency Preparedness & Response at King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Modelling and Health Economics at Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - J M Kesten
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation NIHR Applied Research Collaboration (ARC) West at University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C E French
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Voices on Zika: Reproductive Autonomy and Shared Decision-Making During an Evolving Epidemic. Womens Health Issues 2022:S1049-3867(22)00141-4. [PMID: 36566090 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to understand the degree to which pregnant individuals exposed to emerging infections, such as Zika, are engaged by providers in shared decision-making and explore potential barriers to inform strategies to improve care for those most at risk for inequities. Studies have demonstrated that Latinx and Black people are less likely to engage in shared decision-making and are less engaged by providers. Limited research explores factors impacting shared decision-making in prenatal care and in the setting of recent epidemics. METHODS We conducted an exploratory qualitative study of individuals eligible for prenatal screening owing to Zika exposure during pregnancy. Given an established connection between autonomy and shared decision-making, we used the Reproductive Autonomy Scale and the Three Talk Model for shared decision-making to inform our semistructured interview guide. Interviews were conducted in Spanish or English. and participants were recruited from a federally qualified health center and a tertiary care obstetric clinic until thematic saturation was achieved. Interviews were recorded, translated, and transcribed and two coders used modified grounded theory to generate themes. RESULTS We interviewed 18 participants from May to December 2017. Participant narratives demonstrated reproductive autonomy in pregnancy decision-making, with decision support from families, fatalism in pregnancy planning, and limited engagement by providers around decisions and implications of Zika virus testing. Hierarchy in provider dynamics, perceived stigma around emigration and travel, and language barriers impacted participant engagement in shared decision-making. CONCLUSIONS Participants demonstrated personal autonomy in reproductive decision-making, but demonstrated limited engagement in shared decision-making with regard to prenatal Zika testing. Provider promotion of shared decision-making using culturally centered decision tools to elicit underlying beliefs and deepen context for option, choice, and decision talk is critical in prenatal counseling to support equitable outcomes during evolving pandemics.
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Hasan MZ, Hasan AMR, Rabbani MG, Selim MA, Mahmood SS. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Bangladeshi urban slum dwellers towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention: A cross-sectional study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001017. [PMID: 36962862 PMCID: PMC10021697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The first COVID-19 case in Bangladesh was detected on March 8, 2020. Since then, efforts are being made across the country to raise awareness among the population for preventing the spread of this virus. We aimed to examine the urban slum dwellers' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention. A phone-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in five slums of Dhaka City. Total 476 adult slum dwellers were interviewed between October 31 to December 1, 2020 using a pre-tested questionnaire. During an interview, information was collected on participants' demographic characteristics and KAP items towards COVID-19. We used quartiles for categorization of knowledge and practice score where the first quartile represents poor, the second and third quartiles represent average while the fourth quartile represents good. Attitude score was standardized using z-score and identified as positive and negative attitude. Multiple linear regression models were used separately to identify the socioeconomic predictors of the KAP scores. The results showed that 25% of the respondents had good knowledge and 25% had poor knowledge, 48% had a positive attitude and 52% had a negative attitude, and 21% maintained good practice and 33% maintained poor practice towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention. About 75% respondents relied on television for COVID-19 related information. Regression results showed that knowledge and attitude scores were significantly higher if respondents had primary or secondary and above level of education compared to the uneducated group. Female respondents maintained significantly good practice compared to their male counterparts (β = 6.841; p<0.01). This study has found that one third of the studied slum dwellers maintained poor practice and one fourth had poor knowledge towards COVID-19 transmission-prevention. As KAP domains are significantly correlated, efforts are needed to raise awareness of COVID-19 particularly targeting individuals with average and lower knowledge to improve attitude and practice for the prevention of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Zahid Hasan
- Health Economics and Financing Research Group, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - A. M. Rumayan Hasan
- Health Economics and Financing Research Group, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Golam Rabbani
- Health Economics and Financing Research Group, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Abdus Selim
- Health Economics and Financing Research Group, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shehrin Shaila Mahmood
- Health Economics and Financing Research Group, Health System and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Silva M, Tallman P, Stolow J, Yavinsky R, Fleckman J, Hoffmann K. Learning From the Past: The Role of Social and Behavior Change Programming in Public Health Emergencies. GLOBAL HEALTH: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:GHSP-D-22-00026. [PMID: 36041834 PMCID: PMC9426983 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The contributions of social and behavior change research/programming in 6 recent epidemics highlight the importance of further integrating such expertise into outbreak response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Silva
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Paula Tallman
- Loyola University Department of Anthropology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeni Stolow
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Julia Fleckman
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kamden Hoffmann
- MOMENTUM Integrated Health Resilience, IMA World Health, Washington, DC, USA
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Evans WD, Gerard R, Symington L, Shaikh H, Agha S. Implementation practice models for development in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review of peer-reviewed literature. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1157. [PMID: 35681165 PMCID: PMC9181891 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study operationally defines a relatively small, but growing field of study on implementation practice models for health behavior change in the context of international development. We define ‘implementation practice models’ as theoretical models that take a practical and practitioner-focused approach to behavior change, and we illustrate how these models have been developed and applied. The paper examines the continuum of behavioral theories and their application in the context of development programs and research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We describe implementation practice models, examine how they have been used to design and evaluate theory-based interventions in LMIC, and describe the state of evidence in this field of study. Methods The authors conducted a systematic search of the published, peer-reviewed literature following the widely accepted PRISMA methods for systematic reviews. We aimed to identify all relevant manuscripts published in the English language in health, social science, and business literature that apply implementation practice models, located in an LMIC, with a behavior change objective. We located 1,078 articles through database searching and 106 through other means. Ultimately, we identified 25 relevant articles for inclusion. Results We found that the peer-reviewed literature on implementation practice models for development has been growing in recent years, with 80% of reviewed papers published since 2015. There was a wide range of different models revealed by this review but none demonstrated clear-cut evidence of being most effective. However, the models found in this review share common characteristics of focusing on the three central tenets of Opportunity, Ability, and Motivation (OAM). Conclusions This review found that implementation practice models for development are a promising and growing approach to behavior change in LMICs. Intervention practice models research should be expanded and applied in new domains, such as vaccination.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13530-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Douglas Evans
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Washington, DC, NW, 20037, USA.
| | - Raquel Gerard
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Washington, DC, NW, 20037, USA
| | | | - Hina Shaikh
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Washington, DC, NW, 20037, USA
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Clancy IL, Jones RT, Power GM, Logan JG, Iriart JAB, Massad E, Kinsman J. Public health messages on arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti in Brazil. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1362. [PMID: 34243740 PMCID: PMC8272386 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil in 2015 followed the arrival of chikungunya in 2014 and a long history of dengue circulation. Vital to the response to these outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens has been the dissemination of public health messages, including those promoted through risk communication posters. This study explores the content of a sample of posters circulated in Brazil towards the end of the Zika epidemic in 2017 and analyses their potential effectiveness in inducing behaviour change. METHODS A content analysis was performed on 37 posters produced in Brazil to address outbreaks of mosquito-borne pathogens. The six variables of the Health Belief Model were used to assess the potential effectiveness of the posters to induce behaviour change. RESULTS Three overarching key messages emerged from the posters. These included (i) the arboviruses and their outcomes, (ii) a battle against the mosquito, and (iii) a responsibility to protect and prevent. Among the six variables utilised through the Health Belief Model, cues to action were most commonly featured, whilst the perceived benefits of engaging in behaviours to prevent arbovirus transmission were the least commonly featured. CONCLUSIONS The posters largely focused on mosquito-borne transmission and the need to eliminate breeding sites, and neglected the risk of the sexual and congenital transmission of Zika and the importance of alternative preventive actions. This, we argue, may have limited the potential effectiveness of these posters to induce behaviour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- India L Clancy
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Robert T Jones
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Grace M Power
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | | | - Eduardo Massad
- School of Applied Mathematics, Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Rua Praia de Botafogo 190, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22250-900, Brazil
| | - John Kinsman
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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A review and agenda for integrated disease models including social and behavioural factors. Nat Hum Behav 2021; 5:834-846. [PMID: 34183799 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-021-01136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Social and behavioural factors are critical to the emergence, spread and containment of human disease, and are key determinants of the course, duration and outcomes of disease outbreaks. Recent epidemics of Ebola in West Africa and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally have reinforced the importance of developing infectious disease models that better integrate social and behavioural dynamics and theories. Meanwhile, the growth in capacity, coordination and prioritization of social science research and of risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) practice within the current pandemic response provides an opportunity for collaboration among epidemiological modellers, social scientists and RCCE practitioners towards a mutually beneficial research and practice agenda. Here, we provide a review of the current modelling methodologies and describe the challenges and opportunities for integrating them with social science research and RCCE practice. Finally, we set out an agenda for advancing transdisciplinary collaboration for integrated disease modelling and for more robust policy and practice for reducing disease transmission.
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Pirofski LA, Casadevall A. The state of latency in microbial pathogenesis. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4525-4531. [PMID: 32804154 DOI: 10.1172/jci136221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The state of latency occurs when a microbe's persistence in a host produces host damage without perturbing homeostasis sufficiently to cause clinical symptoms or disease. The mechanisms contributing to latency are diverse and depend on the nature of both the microbe and the host. Latency has advantages for both host and microbe. The host avoids progressive damage caused by interaction with the microbe that may translate into disease, and the microbe secures a stable niche in which to survive. Latency is clinically important because some latent microbes can be transmitted to other hosts, and it is associated with a risk for recrudescent microbial growth and development of disease. In addition, it can predispose the host to other diseases, such as malignancies. Hence, latency is a temporally unstable state with an eventual outcome that mainly depends on host immunity. Latency is an integral part of the pathogenic strategies of microbes that require human (and/or mammalian) hosts, including herpesviruses, retroviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. However, latency is also an outcome of infection with environmental organisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans, which require no host in their replicative cycles. For most microbes that achieve latency, there is a need for a better understanding and more investigation of host and microbial mechanisms that result in this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liise-Anne Pirofski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Leontsini E, Maloney S, Ramírez M, Rodriguez E, Gurman T, Ballard Sara A, Hunter GC. A qualitative study of community perspectives surrounding cleaning practices in the context of Zika prevention in El Salvador: implications for community-based Aedes aegypti control. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1385. [PMID: 32912177 PMCID: PMC7488301 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In El Salvador, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes transmitting Zika and other arboviruses use water storage containers as important oviposition sites. Promotion of water storage container cleaning is a key element of prevention programs. We explored community perceptions surrounding cleaning practices among pregnant women, male partners of pregnant women, and women likely to become pregnant. Methods Researchers conducted 11 focus groups and 12 in-depth interviews which included individual elicitations of Zika prevention measures practiced in the community. Focus group participants rated 18 images depicting Zika-related behaviors according to effectiveness and feasibility in the community context, discussed influencing determinants, voted on community intentions to perform prevention behaviors, and performed washbasin cleaning simulations. In-depth interviews with male partners of pregnant women used projective techniques with images to explore their perceptions on a subset of Zika prevention behaviors. Results General cleaning of the home, to ensure a healthy environment, was a strong community norm. In this context, participants gave water storage container cleaning a high rating, for both its effectiveness and feasibility. Participants were convinced that they cleaned their water storage containers effectively against Zika, but their actual skills were inadequate to destroy Aedes aegypti eggs. A further constraint was the schedule of water availability. Even during pregnancy, male partners rarely cleaned water storage containers because water became available in homes when they were at work. Furthermore, prevailing gender norms did not foster male participation in domestic cleaning activities. Despite these factors, many men were willing to provide substantial support with cleaning when their partners were pregnant, in order to protect their family. Conclusions Behavior change programs for the prevention of Zika and other arboviruses need to improve community members’ mosquito egg destruction skills rather than perpetuate the promotion of non-specific cleaning in and around the home as effective. Egg elimination must be clearly identified as the objective of water storage container maintenance and programs should highlight the effective techniques to achieve this goal. In addition, programs must build the skills of family members who support pregnant women to maintain the frequency of effective egg destruction in all water storage containers of the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Leontsini
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Sean Maloney
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Margarita Ramírez
- Bulevar Acatán 31-25 zona 16, Villas de San Isidro, Torre I, Apto 201, 01016, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Eric Rodriguez
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Tilly Gurman
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Anne Ballard Sara
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Gabrielle C Hunter
- Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 111 Market Place, Suite 310, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
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