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Peripheral Blood Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Patients with First Episode Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040414. [PMID: 35447946 PMCID: PMC9027267 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peripheral blood level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may be used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker for schizophrenia. Previous studies were inconsistent. A systematic review was conducted to examine whether BDNF level is different in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) compared to health controls (HC) and whether it changes after treatment. Methods: Literature search was done in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar following standard procedures. Hedges’ g was used as the measure of effect size (ES), which was pooled with random effects model. Publication bias and moderator effects were examined. Results: Search yielded 29 studies with a total sample size of 2912. First meta-analysis included 27 studies with FEP vs. HC comparison. Pooled ES was −0.63, p < 0.001, indicating that BDNF level was lower in FEP than in HC. Studies were heterogeneous, and moderator analysis showed that studies of younger patient, higher symptom severity, and more drug naïve had larger ES. Second meta-analysis examined change in BDNF levels before and after antipsychotic treatment in eight studies. A pooled ES of −0.003 (p = 0.96) showed no change in peripheral BDNF level after treatment. Conclusion: Peripheral BDNF level was decreased in FEP compared to HC, but it did not change after treatment.
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Chen Z, Zhijie C, Yuting Z, Chan L, Shilin X, Qichun Z, Jinying O, Jing L, Chaohua L, Zhixian M. The Ameliorative Effects of Isorhynchophylline on Morphine Dependence Are Mediated Through the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:526923. [PMID: 34168553 PMCID: PMC8218633 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.526923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine abuse is a global public health problem. Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in several central nervous system diseases. However, whether there is an association between gut microbiota and morphine dependence remains unclear. In this study, the effects of isorhynchophylline on morphine dependence were evaluated based on the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The results showed that isorhynchophylline could reverse the changes in alpha and beta diversity, composition, and richness of the intestinal flora occurring in morphine-dependent zebrafish, as well as the morphine-induced changes in the expression of MGBA-related genes in BV2 cells and the brain and intestine of zebrafish. Based on the results, we then used antibiotics to evaluate whether disrupting the gut microbiota would affect morphine addiction in zebrafish. The results showed that the antibiotic-induced intestinal floral imbalance changed the behavior of morphine-dependent zebrafish, the characteristics of the zebrafish intestinal flora, and the expression of MGBA-related genes in the zebrafish brain and intestine. Importantly, we also show that, following antibiotic administration, the ameliorative effects of isorhynchophylline on morphine addiction were lost. Together, our results indicate that the gut microbiota interacts with the brain, and dysbiosis of the intestinal flora may affect the efficacy of isorhynchophylline in the body. Our findings provide a novel framework for understanding the mechanisms of morphine addiction through the MGBA and may provide new therapeutic strategies for the use of Chinese medicines in the prevention of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhijie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Yuting
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Shilin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Qichun
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Jinying
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Jing
- Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luo Chaohua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mo Zhixian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Huang S, Dong W, Jiao Z, Liu J, Li K, Wang H, Xu D. Prenatal Dexamethasone Exposure Induced Alterations in Neurobehavior and Hippocampal Glutamatergic System Balance in Female Rat Offspring. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:369-384. [PMID: 31518422 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological investigations have suggested that periodic use of dexamethasone during pregnancy is a risk factor for abnormal behavior in offspring, but the potential mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the changes in the glutamatergic system and neurobehavior in female offspring with prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) to explore intrauterine programing mechanisms. Compared with the control group, rat offspring with PDE exhibited spatial memory deficits and anxiety-like behavior. The expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) increased, whereas histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac) of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exon IV (BDNF IV) and expression of BDNF decreased. The glutamatergic system also changed. We further observed that changes in the fetal hippocampus were consistent with those in adult offspring. In vitro, the administration of 0.5 μM dexamethasone to the H19-7 fetal hippocampal neuron cells directly led to a cascade of changes in the GR/HDAC2/BDNF pathway, whereas the GR antagonist RU486 and the HDAC2 inhibitor romidepsin (Rom) reversed changes caused by dexamethasone to the H3K14ac level of BDNF IV and to the expression of BDNF. The increase in HDAC2 can be reversed by RU486, and the changes in the glutamatergic system can be partially reversed after supplementation with BDNF. It is suggested that PDE increases the expression of HDAC2 by activating GR, reducing the H3K14ac level of BDNF IV, inducing alterations in neurobehavior and hippocampal glutamatergic system balance. The findings suggest that BDNF supplementation and glutamatergic system improvement are potential therapeutic targets for the fetal origins of abnormal neurobehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songqiang Huang
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Wanting Dong
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Zhexiao Jiao
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Jie Liu
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
| | - Ke Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University
| | - Dan Xu
- *Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medicine Education, Wuhan University
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Cıcek E, Demırel B, Cıcek IE, Kıraç AS, Eren I. Increased Neutrophil-lymphocyte and Platelet-lymphocyte Ratios in Male Heroin Addicts: A Prospective Controlled Study. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:190-196. [PMID: 29739133 PMCID: PMC5953019 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.2.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are markers that can determine the presence of systemic inflammatory response. In this study, we examined the NLR and PLR levels in patients with heroin dependence compared to healthy controls. Methods The study sample included 90 male patients with heroin dependence aged 18 to 45 years and 60 healthy subjects who had similar socio-demographic characteristics as the patient group. The diagnoses of heroin dependence and other Axis I psychiatric disorders in the patient and control groups were screened with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID-I). The extent of heroin addiction was assessed with the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Results The mean NLR and PLR levels of patients with heroin dependence were significantly higher than the control subjects (p=0.031 and p<0.001, respectively). Positive correlations were found between NLR, PLR and duration of the disorder. Conclusion Our results indicate that inflammatory processes may play a role in the pathophysiology of heroin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdinc Cıcek
- Department of Psychiatry, Çumra State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Başak Demırel
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ismet Esra Cıcek
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Seda Kıraç
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Eren
- Department of Psychiatry, Research and Training Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Lv F, Chen S, Wang L, Jiang R, Tian H, Li J, Yao Y, Zhuo C. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder and the possibility of targeting microbiota as a treatment option. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100899-100907. [PMID: 29246029 PMCID: PMC5725071 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of interactions between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract has been increasingly recognized in recent years. It has been proposed that dysregulation and abnormalities in the brain-gut axis contribute to the etiology of a variety of central nervous system disorders. Particularly, dysbiosis, or impaired microbiota, has been implicated in multiple neurological and psychological disorders. The present paper reviews current evidence and theories concerning the possible mechanisms by which microbiota dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Clinical trials that investigated the possibility of treating both illnesses by correcting and rebalancing microbiota with probiotics are also reviewed. Overall, despite the accumulated knowledge in this field, more studies are warranted and required to further our understanding of the brain-gut axis and the possibility of targeting microbiota as a treatment option for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Lv
- The department of rehabilition, The Second Affiliated Hosptial of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Ronghuan Jiang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army, General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yudong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chuanjun Zhuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin, China
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