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Moin JS, Troke N, Plumptre L, Anderson GM. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Diabetes Care for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in Ontario, Canada. Can J Diabetes 2022; 46:S1499-2671(22)00094-6. [PMID: 35953411 PMCID: PMC9059339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic and related public health prevention measures have led to a disruption of the delivery of routine care and may have had an impact on the quality of diabetes care. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the extent to which structure, process and outcome quality measures in diabetes care changed in the first 6 months of the pandemic compared with previous periods. METHODS A before-and-after observational study of all community-living Ontario residents >20 years of age and living with diabetes. The patients were divided into 3 cohorts: a pandemic cohort, alive March to September 2020 (n=1,393,404); reference cohort 1, alive March to September 2019 (n=1,415,490); and reference cohort 2, alive September 2019 to February 2020 (n=1,444,000). Outcome measures were in-person/virtual visits to general practitioners and specialists, eye examinations, glycated hemoglobin (A1C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) testing, filled prescriptions, and admissions to emergency departments (EDs) and hospitals for acute and chronic diabetes complications. RESULTS The probability of an in-person visit to a GP decreasing by 47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47% to 47%) in the pandemic period compared with both previous periods. The probability of having an eye exam was lower by 43% (95% CI, 44% to 43%), an A1C test by 28% (95% CI, 29% to 28%) and an LDL test by 31% (95% CI, 31% to 31%) in the pandemic period compared with the same 6-month period the year before. There were very small decreases in drug prescriptions and decreases of 18% and 16% in ED and hospital visits for complications. CONCLUSIONS We observed disruptions to both structure and processes measures of diabetes care in Ontario during the first wave of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Moin
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Geoffrey M Anderson
- Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Green ME, Shah BR, Slater M, Khan S, Jones CR, Walker JD. Monitoring, treatment and control of blood glucose and lipids in Ontario First Nations people with diabetes. CMAJ 2020; 192:E937-E945. [PMID: 32816998 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.191039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous people worldwide are disproportionately affected by diabetes and its complications. We aimed to assess the monitoring, treatment and control of blood glucose and lipids in First Nations people in Ontario. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal population-based study using administrative data for all people in Ontario with diabetes, stratified by First Nations status. We assessed age- and sex-specific rates of completion of recommended monitoring for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and glycated hemoglobin (A1c) from 2001/02 to 2014/15. We used data from 2014/15 to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of rates of achievement of A1c and LDL targets and use of glucose-lowering medications. RESULTS The study included 22 240 First Nations people and 1 319 503 other people in Ontario with diabetes. Rates of monitoring according to guidelines were 20%-50% for A1c and 30%-70% for lipids and were lowest for younger First Nations men. The mean age- and sex-adjusted A1c level was higher among First Nations people than other people (7.59 [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.57 to 7.61] v. 7.03 [95% CI 7.02 to 7.03]). An A1c level of 8.5% or higher was observed in 24.7% (95% CI 23.6 to 25.0) of First Nations people, compared to 12.8% (95% CI 12.1 to 13.5) of other people in Ontario. An LDL level of 2.0 mmol/L or less was observed in 60.3% (95% CI 59.7 to 61.6) of First Nations people, compared to 52.0% (95% CI 51.1 to 52.9) of other people in Ontario. Among those aged 65 or older, a higher proportion of First Nations people than other Ontarians were using insulin (28.1% v. 15.1%), and fewer were taking no medications (28.3% v. 40.1%). INTERPRETATION As of 2014/15, monitoring and achievement of glycemic control in both First Nations people and other people in Ontario with diabetes remained suboptimal. Interventions to support First Nations patients to reach their treatment goals and reduce the risk of complications need further development and study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Green
- Department of Family Medicine (Green, Slater), Queen's University; ICES Queen's (Green, Khan), Kingston, Ont.; ICES Central (Shah, Walker); Chiefs of Ontario (Jones), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont.
| | - Baiju R Shah
- Department of Family Medicine (Green, Slater), Queen's University; ICES Queen's (Green, Khan), Kingston, Ont.; ICES Central (Shah, Walker); Chiefs of Ontario (Jones), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont
| | - Morgan Slater
- Department of Family Medicine (Green, Slater), Queen's University; ICES Queen's (Green, Khan), Kingston, Ont.; ICES Central (Shah, Walker); Chiefs of Ontario (Jones), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont
| | - Shahriar Khan
- Department of Family Medicine (Green, Slater), Queen's University; ICES Queen's (Green, Khan), Kingston, Ont.; ICES Central (Shah, Walker); Chiefs of Ontario (Jones), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont
| | - Carmen R Jones
- Department of Family Medicine (Green, Slater), Queen's University; ICES Queen's (Green, Khan), Kingston, Ont.; ICES Central (Shah, Walker); Chiefs of Ontario (Jones), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont
| | - Jennifer D Walker
- Department of Family Medicine (Green, Slater), Queen's University; ICES Queen's (Green, Khan), Kingston, Ont.; ICES Central (Shah, Walker); Chiefs of Ontario (Jones), Toronto, Ont.; School of Rural and Northern Health (Walker), Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ont
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