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Onat UI, Yildirim AD, Tufanli Ö, Çimen I, Kocatürk B, Veli Z, Hamid SM, Shimada K, Chen S, Sin J, Shah PK, Gottlieb RA, Arditi M, Erbay E. Intercepting the Lipid-Induced Integrated Stress Response Reduces Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:1149-1169. [PMID: 30871699 PMCID: PMC6424590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Eukaryotic cells can respond to diverse stimuli by converging at serine-51 phosphorylation on eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) and activate the integrated stress response (ISR). This is a key step in translational control and must be tightly regulated; however, persistent eIF2α phosphorylation is observed in mouse and human atheroma. Objectives Potent ISR inhibitors that modulate neurodegenerative disorders have been identified. Here, the authors evaluated the potential benefits of intercepting ISR in a chronic metabolic and inflammatory disease, atherosclerosis. Methods The authors investigated ISR’s role in lipid-induced inflammasome activation and atherogenesis by taking advantage of 3 different small molecules and the ATP-analog sensitive kinase allele technology to intercept ISR at multiple molecular nodes. Results The results show lipid-activated eIF2α signaling induces a mitochondrial protease, Lon protease 1 (LONP1), that degrades phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 and blocks Parkin-mediated mitophagy, resulting in greater mitochondrial oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and interleukin-1β secretion in macrophages. Furthermore, ISR inhibitors suppress hyperlipidemia-induced inflammasome activation and inflammation, and reduce atherosclerosis. Conclusions These results reveal endoplasmic reticulum controls mitochondrial clearance by activating eIF2α-LONP1 signaling, contributing to an amplified oxidative stress response that triggers robust inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β secretion by dietary fats. These findings underscore the intricate exchange of information and coordination of both organelles’ responses to lipids is important for metabolic health. Modulation of ISR to alleviate organelle stress can prevent inflammasome activation by dietary fats and may be a strategy to reduce lipid-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut I Onat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asli D Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Özlem Tufanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Çimen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Begüm Kocatürk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zehra Veli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Syed M Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center and Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jon Sin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Prediman K Shah
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Division of Cardiology, Oppenheimer Atherosclerosis Research Center and Atherosclerosis Prevention and Treatment Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
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