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Bulut İ, Yegin Katran Z. Hypersensitivity Reaction and Rapid Drug Desensitization with Chemotherapeutics: A Tertiary Reference Center Experiences. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:849-855. [PMID: 37442106 DOI: 10.1159/000530959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy drugs have been in our lives for a long time, and all agents have the potential to develop hypersensitivity. Rapid drug desensitization is an option when hypersensitivity develops. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics, diagnostic processes, and treatment results of patients with chemotherapeutic agent hypersensitivity who applied to our tertiary reference center. METHODS Patients who applied to our tertiary allergy outpatient clinic between January 2016 and September 2022 due to chemotherapy-induced drug hypersensitivity were examined. Demographic data of the patients, cancer diagnoses, chemotherapy regimens, skin tests, premedication scheme, desensitization cycle were evaluated. We applied a 16-step desensitization in patients with index reaction anaphylaxis or positive skin tests. If the index reaction was not anaphylaxis or skin tests were negative, we applied a 12-step desensitization. If the prick test with chemotherapeutic drugs was negative especially with taxanes, premedication was administered. We used the montelukast, cetirizine, and methylprednisolone for premedication. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were evaluated; 35 (68.6%) were female. The most common malignancy was colorectal cancer in 17 (33.3%) patients. The most common agent responsible for hypersensitivity was oxaliplatin in 17 (33.3%) patients, followed by paclitaxel in 13 (25.4%). When the symptoms of immediate reaction to chemotherapeutic drugs were analyzed as described in the EAACI position paper, only skin and mucosal involvement was seen in 24 (46.8%) patients; only respiratory system involvement or back pain was seen in 3 (6.2%) patients; multisystem involvement meeting the criteria for anaphylaxis was seen in 24 (47%) patients. Skin test was positive in 17 (56.6%) of 30 patients who developed a reaction with platin. Prolonged anaphylaxis was developed in 1 patient, and desensitization was not performed again. Fifty of 51 patients were able to receive the target chemotherapy dose by desensitization. In total, a 172-step desensitization was applied to 51 patients. CONCLUSION If completing the cycle is considered a treatment success, this was achieved in 98% (50/51) patients with rapid drug desensitization. This gives us the opportunity to use first-line chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Bulut
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Süreyyapasa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Yegin Katran
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Süreyyapasa Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bulut İ, Yegin Katran Z, Yavuz D, Yıldız AB, Yakut T, Örçen C, Mersin SS. [Effectiveness of mepolizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma: In a real life study]. Tuberk Toraks 2023; 71:148-155. [PMID: 37345397 PMCID: PMC10795248 DOI: 10.5578/tt.20239918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We analyzed the effects of mepolizumab treatment on symptoms, asthma attacks, pulmonary function test parameters peripheral blood eosinophil level, and percentage in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma receiving mepolizumab treatment as the baseline, sixth and twelfthmonth data. Materials and Methods The medical records of patients diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma and treated with mepolizumab at our clinic were retrospectively reviewed for the period between January 2018 and December 2021. Demographic data of the patients, duration of asthma disease, comorbidities such as a nasal polyp, eosinophilic granulomatous polyangiitis, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease were investigated. A comparison was made of various factors before initiating mepolizumab treatment, as well as at the sixth and twelfth month after treatment initiation. These factors include asthma control test scores, frequency of asthma attacks (including emergency admissions, hospitalizations, and intensive care admissions), peripheral blood eosinophil levels and percentages, and pulmonary function test parameters. Clinic and laboratory parameters that provide a prediction of being a responder and super responder were evaluated. Result A total of 21 patients were included in the study. Their mean age was 50.7 ± 11.9 years, and four (19%) were males. The mean duration of asthma diagnosis was 17.5 ±13.7 years. 14 patients (66.7%) were atopic. 4 patients (19%) had nasal polyps and four patients (19%) had NERD. Before mepolizumab, 13 (61.9%) patients had received omalizumab. The duration of receiving mepolizumab treatment was 29.2 ± 9.9 months. A statistically significant decrease was observed in both the number and percentage of eosinophils at months six and 12 (p<0.01). There was a statistically significant increase in FEV1 values both as a percentage and in milliliters at month 12. There was an increase in both percentage and milliliters in FEF25-75 values, but this increase did not reach statistical significance. There was a decrease in service admissions, intensive care admissions, and emergency admissions due to asthma exacerbations. Out of 21 patients, 11 (52.4%) were classified as responders, while 10 (47.6%) were classified as super responders. Conclusions Although the number of patients in our study was limited, mepolizumab improved symptom scores in severe eosinophilic asthma, reduced the number of attacks, and improved pulmonary function test values.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmet Bulut
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases-Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Yegin Katran
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases-Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Dilek Yavuz
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases-Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ali Burkan Yıldız
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases-Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Tuğçe Yakut
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Türkiye
| | - Cihan Örçen
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Selver Seda Mersin
- Clinic of Allergy Immunology, Dr. Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Gaziantep, Türkiye
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Katran ZY, Bulut İ, Babalık A, Keren M, Tepetam FM, Mersin SS, Örçen C, Yakut T, Yavuz D. Drug hypersensitivity in drug-resistant tuberculosis. World Allergy Organ J 2023; 16:100778. [PMID: 37251814 PMCID: PMC10213312 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate drug resıstant tuberculosis patients who developed drug hypersensitivity to antituberculosis drug. Methods This was a retrospective study. The primary aim of the study is to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who develop drug hypersensitivity in drug resistant tuberculosis patients. The secondary aim of the study is to examine the treatment results. Demographic features, tuberculosis diagnostic indicator, clinical signs of developing hypersensitivity reaction, reaction time, and treatment were evaluated. Results A total of 25 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of hypersensitivity in drug resistance patients was 11.9%. Twelve (48%) of the cases were women. Mean age (mean ± SD) was 37.24 ± 14.44 years; early type hypersensitivity reaction in 13 (52%). Three patients were isoniazid resistant; 19 patients were multidrug-resistant (MDR); 2 patients were pre-extensive drug resistant (Pre-XDR), 1 patient was extensive drug resistance (XDR) tuberculosis. The most common skin findings were maculopapular eruption and urticaria. But also we had seen ısole angıodema, urtıcarıa and angıoedema, erythema multıforme, lıchenoıd drug eruptıon and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. In patients who developed a hypersensitivity reaction, the responsible agent was identified in 14 cases in total. Among the drugs, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, moxifloxacin, amikacin, para amino salicylic, prothionamide, and cycloserine are the responsible agents. When evaluated in terms of treatment results, 15 (60%) patients successfully completed the treatment. Conclusion Our study is the first study in the literature that evaluated the drug hypersensitivity in drug resıstance tuberculosis patients. Drug hypersensitivity that develops with tuberculosis treatment may lead to discontinuation or change in treatment. İt can cause treatment failure, drug resistance, relapse, and even death. In resistant tuberculosis, the already existing resistance pattern may become more difficult to treat. Success can be achieved with the right management in these patients who have few treatment options, more drug side effects, and high treatment failure rates. The established regimen should be curative and prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yegin Katran
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmet Bulut
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Babalık
- Department of Chest Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin Keren
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Merve Tepetam
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selver Seda Mersin
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Dr Ersin Arslan Training and Research Hospital, Gazıantep, Turkey
| | - Cihan Örçen
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Derınce Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Yakut
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Diyarbakır Training and Research Hospital, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yavuz
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Katran ZY, Bulut İ, Babalik A, Keren M. Management of type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reactions to antituberculosis drug: succesful desensitization. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:97. [DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the prevalence of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction under tuberculosis treatment and the management of hypersensitivity.
Methods
The study is a case series. All of the patients who were hospitalized between 01.02.2015–01.05.2021 were examined. All patients who developed a drug-induced type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction were included. Antituberculosis drugs were given with the protocol made by Buhari et al. However, unlike what is stated in the protocol, pyrazinamide was given last during the administration of the drugs.
Results
2677 patients received inpatient tuberculosis treatment; type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reactions were seen in 94 (3.5%) patients. Due to missing data in the file, 81 patients were included in the study. 44 (54.3%) of the cases were women; mean age (mean ± SD) 50.7 ± 17.69 years; 76 (93.8%) of them are citizens of the Republic of Turkey; 58 (71.6%) of them were diagnosed bacteriologically; 65 (80.2%) of them were pulmonary tuberculosis. The most common skin finding was urticaria in 49 (60.5%). The drug responsible for the most common reaction was pyrazinamide. In 49 (60.5%) cases, drugs were given by desensitization and it was successful. The duration of treatment was 7.91 ± 2.5 months (6–18 months). When evaluated in terms of treatment results, 68 (84%) patients successfully completed the treatment.
Conclusion
Our study is the largest series of patients who developed type 1 immediate hypersensitivity reaction while receiving antituberculosis treatment. A practical, easy desensitization scheme has been shared.
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Özgen H, Tepetam FM, Bulut İ, Örçen C. The significance of eosinophil and eosinophil lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in predicting response to omalizumab treatment in patients with severe allergic asthma. Tuberk Toraks 2021; 69:39-48. [PMID: 33853304 DOI: 10.5578/tt.20219905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Th2/Th1 mix pathological pathway may be seen as a common set of low eosinophilic phenotype in severe allergic asthma. This may affect omalizumab treatment response. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether eosinophil count (EOS) and percentage (EOS%), eosinophil lymphocyte ratio (ELR) and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may predict omalizumab treatment. Materials and Methods Patients who received omalizumab treatment at least for one year in our allergy clinic were screened retrospectively. Baseline hemogram parameters, pre- and post-treatment emergency admissions, annual attacks requiring steroid use, hospitalizations, spirometric changes, and asthma control tests (ACT) were recorded. According the global efficacy assessment (phisician's GETE) scale patients was recorded as responder and nonresponder. By looking at EOS, EOS%, ELR and NLR distributions in these groups, the role of these parameters in representation of the treatment efficacy was investigated. Result The study was carried out with 83 patients, 77.1% of whom were women with an average age of 50.03 ± 10.7. While ACT scores and FEV1, FEF25-75 was significantly increased, the number of emergency admissions, annual attacks and hospitalizations decreased significantly (p<0.05). The rate of patients signed as responder was 75.9%, while the rate of nonresponder was %24.1. When the two groups were compared, it was found that the EOS, EOS% and ELR were significantly higher in the responder group. The cut-off values according to the ROC curve were determined as 0.12, 310/ml and 3.1% respectively. Considering the sensitivity (58.73%); specificity (85.00%); positive predictive value (92.50%), it was determined that ELR was a more valuable test. Conclusions Instead of expensive and invasive methods for predicting the response of omalizumab therapy in severe allergic asthma, the ELR is correlated with treatment response and giving hope to be easier way to reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Özgen
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Bartın State Hospital, Bartın, Turkey
| | - Fatma Merve Tepetam
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İsmet Bulut
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cihan Örçen
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, University of Health Sciences, Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Toru Ü, Ayada C, Genç O, Yaşar Z, Şahin S, Taşkın E, Bulut İ, Acat M. Evaluation of multidrug resistance-1 gene C>T polymorphism frequency in patients with asthma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:670-4. [PMID: 26598078 PMCID: PMC4602378 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(10)02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction. Genetic and oxidative stress factors, in addition to pulmonary and systemic inflammatory processes, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The products of the multidrug resistance-1 gene protect lung tissue from oxidative stress. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association between the multidrug resistance-1 gene C>T polymorphism and asthma with regard to oxidative stress-related parameters of asthmatic patients. METHODS Forty-five patients with asthma and 27 healthy age-matched controls were included in this study. Blood samples were collected in tubes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. DNA was extracted from the blood samples. The multidrug resistance-1 gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and a subsequent enzyme digestion technique. The serum levels of total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were determined by the colorimetric measurement method. RESULTS The heterozygous polymorphic genotype was the most frequent in both groups. A significant difference in the multidrug resistance-1 genotype frequencies between groups indicated an association of asthma with the TT genotype. A significant difference between groups was found for wild type homozygous participants and carriers of polymorphic allele participants. The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in asthmatic patients. The increase in the oxidative stress index parameter was significant in the asthma group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The multidrug resistance-1 gene C/T polymorphism may be an underlying genetic risk factor for the development of asthma via oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, leading to increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümran Toru
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Kütahya, Turkey
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Ceylan Ayada
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Osman Genç
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yaşar
- Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Server Şahin
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Emre Taşkın
- Karabük University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Karabük, Turkey
| | - İsmet Bulut
- Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Allergy and Immunology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Acat
- Aydın General Secretary of the Union of Public Hospitals, Aydın, Turkey
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Toru Ü, Ayada C, Genç O, Şahin S, Arık Ö, Acat M, Bulut İ, Çetinkaya E. Visfatin and ghrelin: can they be forthcoming biomarkers or new drug targets for asthma? Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:6257-6261. [PMID: 26131235 PMCID: PMC4484003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Asthma represents chronic inflammation of the airways and is associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. A novel adipokine visfatin and an appetite-modulating hormone ghrelin play a role in several diseases related with inflammation. Although visfatin is a pro-inflammatory adipokine, ghrelin mainly exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, very little is known about the role of visfatin and ghrelin in asthma. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of visfatin and ghrelin in asthma by evaluating their serum levels in asthmatic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was performed on 27 asthma and 23 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected in tubes without EDTA. Serum levels of visfatin and ghrelin were measured by human ELISA assay kits. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS 16.0 package program and differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS Serum levels of visfatin and ghrelin were significantly higher in asthma group (respectively; p = 0.001, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION While visfatin has a pro-inflammatory role, ghrelin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in asthma. Therefore, visfatin can be a forthcoming biomarker and ghrelin may be a new anti-inflammatory drug target to diagnose and treat asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümran Toru
- Department of Chest Diseases, Dumlupınar University Faculty of MedicineKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Ayada
- Department of Physiology, Dumlupınar University Faculty of MedicineKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Osman Genç
- Department of Physiology, Dumlupınar University Faculty of MedicineKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Server Şahin
- Department of Medical Biology, Dumlupınar University Faculty of MedicineKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Özlem Arık
- Department of Biostatistics, Dumlupınar University Faculty of MedicineKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Murat Acat
- Department of Chest Diseases, Karabük University Faculty of MedicineKarabük 78200, Turkey
| | - İsmet Bulut
- Department of Adult Immunology and Allergy, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospitalİstanbul 34844, Turkey
| | - Erdoğan Çetinkaya
- Department of Chest Diseases, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospitalİstanbul 34020, Turkey
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Toru Ü, Ayada C, Genç O, Turgut S, Turgut G, Bulut İ. MDR-1 gene C/T polymorphism in COPD: data from Aegean part of Turkey. Int J Clin Exp Med 2014; 7:3573-3577. [PMID: 25419400 PMCID: PMC4238484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic factors, in addition to oxidative stress factors, have been implicated in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Multi-drug resistant-1 (MDR-1) is a gene located on chromosome 7 and the products of this gene protect lung tissue from oxidative stress. We searched the frequency of MDR-1 gene C/T polymorphism in patients with COPD and aimed to explain the association between MDR-1 gene and COPD development. METHODS 47 patients with COPD and 64 healthy control participants were placed in this study. DNAs were extracted from blood samples and MDR-1 amplification of DNA was performed using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme digestion techniques. RESULTS The frequencies of MDR-1 genotypes were found 17.0% for CC, 51.1% for CT and 31.9% for TT in the COPD group and 39.1% for CC, 53.1% for CT and 7.8% for TT in the control group. The distribution of MDR-1 gene C alleles were found 32.3% in COPD group and 67.7% in control group; T alleles were found 55.1% in COPD group and 44.9% in control group. There was statistically significant difference between the groups for genotype and allele frequency of MDR-1 gene (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION TT genotype of MDR-1 gene was significantly more frequent in COPD patients. MDR-1 gene C/T polymorphism may play a role in COPD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümran Toru
- Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar UniversityKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Ceylan Ayada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar UniversityKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Osman Genç
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dumlupınar UniversityKütahya 43100, Turkey
| | - Sebahat Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli 20070, Turkey
| | - Günfer Turgut
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale UniversityDenizli 20070, Turkey
| | - İsmet Bulut
- Department of Allergic Disease, Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research HospitalIstanbul 34844, Turkey
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Çakır S, Bulut İ, Naumov P, Biçer E, Çakır O. Synthesis and spectroscopic studies of novel Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) mixed ligand complexes with saccharin and nicotinamide. J Mol Struct 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2860(00)00719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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