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Gould A, Udalski A, Shin IG, Porritt I, Skowron J, Han C, Yee JC, Kozłowski S, Choi JY, Poleski R, Wyrzykowski Ł, Ulaczyk K, Pietrukowicz P, Mróz P, Szymański MK, Kubiak M, Soszyński I, Pietrzyński G, Gaudi BS, Christie GW, Drummond J, McCormick J, Natusch T, Ngan H, Tan TG, Albrow M, DePoy DL, Hwang KH, Jung YK, Lee CU, Park H, Pogge RW, Abe F, Bennett DP, Bond IA, Botzler CS, Freeman M, Fukui A, Fukunaga D, Itow Y, Koshimoto N, Larsen P, Ling CH, Masuda K, Matsubara Y, Muraki Y, Namba S, Ohnishi K, Philpott L, Rattenbury NJ, Saito T, Sullivan DJ, Sumi T, Suzuki D, Tristram PJ, Tsurumi N, Wada K, Yamai N, Yock PCM, Yonehara A, Shvartzvald Y, Maoz D, Kaspi S, Friedmann M. Exoplanet detection. A terrestrial planet in a ~1-AU orbit around one member of a ~15-AU binary. Science 2014; 345:46-9. [PMID: 24994642 DOI: 10.1126/science.1251527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Using gravitational microlensing, we detected a cold terrestrial planet orbiting one member of a binary star system. The planet has low mass (twice Earth's) and lies projected at ~0.8 astronomical units (AU) from its host star, about the distance between Earth and the Sun. However, the planet's temperature is much lower, <60 Kelvin, because the host star is only 0.10 to 0.15 solar masses and therefore more than 400 times less luminous than the Sun. The host itself orbits a slightly more massive companion with projected separation of 10 to 15 AU. This detection is consistent with such systems being very common. Straightforward modification of current microlensing search strategies could increase sensitivity to planets in binary systems. With more detections, such binary-star planetary systems could constrain models of planet formation and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gould
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - A Udalski
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - I-G Shin
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - I Porritt
- Turitea Observatory, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Skowron
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - C Han
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea.
| | - J C Yee
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - S Kozłowski
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - J-Y Choi
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - R Poleski
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ł Wyrzykowski
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - K Ulaczyk
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Pietrukowicz
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Mróz
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - M K Szymański
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - M Kubiak
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - I Soszyński
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
| | - G Pietrzyński
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomia, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - B S Gaudi
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - J Drummond
- Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand
| | - J McCormick
- Farm Cove Observatory, Centre for Backyard Astrophysics, Pakuranga, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - T Natusch
- Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand. Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - H Ngan
- Possum Observatory, Patutahi, New Zealand
| | - T-G Tan
- Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth, Australia
| | - M Albrow
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - D L DePoy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA
| | - K-H Hwang
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Y K Jung
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea
| | - C-U Lee
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea
| | - H Park
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 371-763, Republic of Korea
| | - R W Pogge
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - F Abe
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - D P Bennett
- University of Notre Dame, Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA
| | - I A Bond
- Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - C S Botzler
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - M Freeman
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - A Fukui
- Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan
| | - D Fukunaga
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Itow
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - N Koshimoto
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - P Larsen
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand. Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | - C H Ling
- Institute of Information and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 102-904, North Shore Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - K Masuda
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Matsubara
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Y Muraki
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - S Namba
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - K Ohnishi
- Nagano National College of Technology, Nagano 381-8550, Japan
| | - L Philpott
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - N J Rattenbury
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - To Saito
- Tokyo Metropolitan College of Aeronautics, Tokyo 116-8523, Japan
| | - D J Sullivan
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - T Sumi
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - P J Tristram
- Mount John University Observatory, Post Office Box 56, Lake Tekapo 8770, New Zealand
| | - N Tsurumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - N Yamai
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - P C M Yock
- Department of Physics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92-019, Auckland 1001, New Zealand
| | - A Yonehara
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Y Shvartzvald
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D Maoz
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S Kaspi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M Friedmann
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
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4
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Gaudi BS, Bennett DP, Udalski A, Gould A, Christie GW, Maoz D, Dong S, McCormick J, Szymański MK, Tristram PJ, Nikolaev S, Paczyński B, Kubiak M, Pietrzyński G, Soszyński I, Szewczyk O, Ulaczyk K, Wyrzykowski Ł, DePoy DL, Han C, Kaspi S, Lee CU, Mallia F, Natusch T, Pogge RW, Park BG, Abe F, Bond IA, Botzler CS, Fukui A, Hearnshaw JB, Itow Y, Kamiya K, Korpela AV, Kilmartin PM, Lin W, Masuda K, Matsubara Y, Motomura M, Muraki Y, Nakamura S, Okumura T, Ohnishi K, Rattenbury NJ, Sako T, Saito T, Sato S, Skuljan L, Sullivan DJ, Sumi T, Sweatman WL, Yock PCM, Albrow MD, Allan A, Beaulieu JP, Burgdorf MJ, Cook KH, Coutures C, Dominik M, Dieters S, Fouqué P, Greenhill J, Horne K, Steele I, Tsapras Y, Chaboyer B, Crocker A, Frank S, Macintosh B. Discovery of a Jupiter/Saturn Analog with Gravitational Microlensing. Science 2008; 319:927-30. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. S. Gaudi
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D. P. Bennett
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Udalski
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Gould
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - G. W. Christie
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D. Maoz
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Dong
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J. McCormick
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M. K. Szymański
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - P. J. Tristram
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Nikolaev
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - B. Paczyński
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M. Kubiak
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - G. Pietrzyński
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - I. Soszyński
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - O. Szewczyk
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K. Ulaczyk
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ł. Wyrzykowski
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D. L. DePoy
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - C. Han
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Kaspi
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - C.-U. Lee
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - F. Mallia
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - T. Natusch
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - R. W. Pogge
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - B.-G. Park
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - F. Abe
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - I. A. Bond
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - C. S. Botzler
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Fukui
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J. B. Hearnshaw
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Y. Itow
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K. Kamiya
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. V. Korpela
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - P. M. Kilmartin
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - W. Lin
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K. Masuda
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Y. Matsubara
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M. Motomura
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Y. Muraki
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Nakamura
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - T. Okumura
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K. Ohnishi
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N. J. Rattenbury
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - T. Sako
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - To. Saito
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Sato
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - L. Skuljan
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D. J. Sullivan
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - T. Sumi
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - W. L. Sweatman
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - P. C. M. Yock
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M. D. Albrow
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Allan
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J.-P. Beaulieu
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M. J. Burgdorf
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K. H. Cook
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - C. Coutures
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - M. Dominik
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Dieters
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - P. Fouqué
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J. Greenhill
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - K. Horne
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - I. Steele
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Y. Tsapras
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - B. Chaboyer
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A. Crocker
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S. Frank
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - B. Macintosh
- Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
- Auckland Observatory, Post Office Box 24-180, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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