1
|
Ossowski P, Kuś A, Krauze W, Tamborski S, Ziemczonok M, Kuźbicki Ł, Szkulmowski M, Kujawińska M. Near-infrared, wavelength, and illumination scanning holographic tomography. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:5971-5988. [PMID: 36733741 PMCID: PMC9872886 DOI: 10.1364/boe.468046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a holographic tomography technique in which the projections are acquired using both wavelength and illumination scanning in the near-infrared region. We show how to process the acquired data to obtain correct values of three-dimensional refractive index distributions in both single-wavelength and multi-wavelength data acquisition schemes and how to properly account for the dispersion of the sample. We perform numerical and experimental comparisons of different illumination scenarios to determine the most efficient measurement protocol. We show that the multi-wavelength protocol is advantageous in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio over single-wavelength protocols, even for the same number of projections used for reconstructions. Finally, we show that this approach is suitable for providing high-quality refractive index distributions of relatively thick colon cancer samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Ossowski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Kuś
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krauze
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Szymon Tamborski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Ziemczonok
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Szkulmowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kujawińska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Boboli 8 street, Warsaw, 02-525, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Brożyna AA. The markers auxiliary in differential diagnosis of early melanomas and benign nevi sharing some similar features potentially leading to misdiagnosis - a review of immunohistochemical studies. Cancer Invest 2022; 40:852-867. [PMID: 36214582 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2134415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although most melanocytic skin lesions are correctly diagnosed, numerous studies have shown interobserver disagreement. This review analyzes 20 molecules as immunohistochemical markers for distinguishing dysplastic and/or Spitz nevi from early melanomas (in situ, Clark level I or II and/or Breslow thickness at most 1 mm). The detected presence and/or level of tested molecules was significantly different in early melanomas than in dysplastic and Spitz nevi for six and seven potential markers, respectively. The most promising results were obtained for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, cyclooxygenase-2 and PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma whose levels were different in dysplastic and Spitz nevi compared to early melanomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Brożyna AA. The detectability of intraepidermal melanocytes ‐ a narrative review of immunohistochemical studies. J Cutan Pathol 2022; 49:1074-1089. [DOI: 10.1111/cup.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Toruń Poland
| | - Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Toruń Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Brożyna AA. Immunohistochemical detectability of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in cells of human melanocytic skin lesions: A methodological review. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:363-380. [PMID: 31675116 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is thought to support tumorigenesis through various mechanisms and is analyzed as a potential cancer marker. In 18 studies, COX-2 expression in melanocytic lesions of human skin was examined immunohistochemically. However, results obtained by individual research groups differ in terms of detection frequency and level of this protein, as well as localization of stained cells within tumor. Possible reasons for the discrepancies are analyzed in this review: the application of different antibodies, the use of standard histopathological sections or tissue microarrays and the analyzes of staining results based on different algorithms. COX-2 level is significantly lower in nevi than in melanomas, increases gradually with progression of these malignant cancers and reaches the highest values in metastases. These gradual changes in COX-2 expression appear to be difficult to analyze based only on subjective assessment of staining intensity. The most convergent data were obtained using antibodies for N-terminal fragments of COX-2 protein and analyzing results based on calculation of percentage fraction of positive cells. The extent of stained area in specimen thus appears to be more important than the intensity of staining in terms of evaluation of COX-2 performance as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of cutaneous melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna A Brożyna
- Department of Human Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Lange D, Stanek-Widera A, Glińska A, Chwirot BW. Enhanced intratumoral expression of RNF2 is a favorable prognostic factor for patients with cutaneous melanoma? Oncotarget 2018; 9:17656-17663. [PMID: 29707138 PMCID: PMC5915146 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies involving melanoma cell lines suggest that enhanced expression of epigenetic regulator RNF2 supports proliferation and promotes metastasis. However, it is not clear to what extent those data apply to disease progression and prognosis for melanoma patients. Therefore the aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic power of RNF2 intratumoral expression by melanoma cells. RNF2 was detected immunohistochemically in standard formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 9 benign nevi, 60 melanomas and 24 nodal metastases. The lowest percentage of RNF2-positive melanocytes found in nevi was comparable to expression levels in normal skin. The RNF2 expression found in melanomas was significantly higher and it was even more enhanced in metastases. The increased occurrence of RNF2 expressing cells was positively correlated with longer patients’ overall survival. Moreover, a negative correlation was found between intratumoral RNF2 expression and number of generated metastatic lesions. Our data indicate that development of melanoma is associated with significant changes in RNF2 intratumoral expression and imply that at least for some patients the enhancement of the expression levels of RNF2 in both primary and metastatic lesions may be considered a favorable prognostic factor in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Oncology Center - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Stanek-Widera
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Oncology Center - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Glińska
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Barbara W Chwirot
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Lange D, Stanek-Widera A, Chwirot BW. Prognostic significance of RBP2-H1 variant of JARID1B in melanoma. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:854. [PMID: 29246117 PMCID: PMC5731204 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone demethylase JARID1B plays several context dependent roles in epigenetic regulation of cellular differentiation in normal development and is highly expressed in multiple human cancers. The protein is a strong transcriptional repressor capable of downregulating numerous genes. There are three splicing isoforms of JARID1B, however the links between the protein structure and function are not clear. The expression pattern of JARID1B in human melanoma seems to be different from observed in other cancers. Moreover, up to now no data on the impact of JARID1B expression in cutaneous melanoma on the patients' prognosis have been reported. METHODS We investigated immunohistochemically the association of intratumoral expression of total JARID1B protein and its RBP2-H1 isoform in primary and metastatic melanomas with prognosis for the patients. RESULTS Expression of both total JARID1B protein and its RBP2-H1 variant was found in all the melanomas investigated. Our results indicate, however, that only high (above 90% of the cells) intratumoral expression of RBP2-H1 can be considered prognostic factor associated with worse overall survival of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Such results if considered together with data demonstrating a switch to enhanced expression of RBP2-H1 at early stages of malignant transformation of melanocytes are in agreement with hypothetical crucial role of JARID1B in the course of melanoma development and progression and suggest that altered splicing of JARID1B may be important factor increasing melanoma aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Dariusz Lange
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Oncology Center - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agata Stanek-Widera
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Oncology Center - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15, 44-101, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara W Chwirot
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Lange D, Stanek-Widera A, Chwirot BW. Intratumoral expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a negative prognostic marker for patients with cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2016; 26:448-56. [PMID: 27391144 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Because of the well-known heterogeneity of melanomas, prognosis of the disease is often difficult to assess even for lesions classified in similar stages. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of COX-2 as a melanoma prognostic marker and to establish an optimum algorithm for analysis of COX-2 expression levels in lesions of interest. Expression of COX-2 was detected immunohistochemically in standard sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 85 primary melanomas, 36 lymph node metastases, and five skin metastases including 39 cases of paired primary and metastatic lesions obtained from the same patient. Enhanced expression of COX-2 in primary melanomas is an indicator of poorer prognosis. A significant correlation was found between high expression of COX-2 in primary lesions and shorter survival. The enhancement of COX-2 expression is also positively correlated with other prognostic factors such as tumor thickness and infiltration level, ulceration, high mitotic index, more invasive histologic type, vertical growth phase, and lymph node metastasis. On the whole, the results suggest that intratumoral expression of COX-2 is a strong negative prognostic marker for patients with melanoma. Moreover, our work shows that a simple and objective immunohistochemical scoring algorithm involving the determination of only a percentage fraction of positively stained cells is sufficient to obtain the prognostic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- aDepartment of Medical Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environment Protection, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń bDepartment of Tumor Pathology, Oncology Center - Maria Skłodowska-Curie Institute, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Urban J, Chwirot BW. Different detectability of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in standard paraffin sections and tissue microarrays of human melanomas and naevi – Comparative study. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:591-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
9
|
Kuźbicki Ł, Lange D, Stanek-Widera A, Chwirot BW. Different expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in selected nonmelanocytic human cutaneous lesions. Folia Histochem Cytobiol 2012; 49:381-8. [PMID: 22038215 DOI: 10.5603/fhc.2011.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to elucidate the possible involvement of COX-2 in the development and/or progression of nonmelanocytic skin lesions. To evaluate the usefulness of that enzyme as a potential molecular marker, we examined the intensity and spatial distribution of COX-2 expression in selected types of such tumors using the same immunohistochemical procedure as in our earlier studies of melanocytic cancers. We examined 20 benign epithelial lesions, 11 precancerous lesions, 21 basal cell carcinomas (BCC), 14 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and eight fibromas. The levels of COX-2 expression detected in benign lesions and in normal skin were comparable. Elevated expression of this protein may play a role in the development of SCC, as indicated by strong immunostaining both in SCCs and precancerous lesions. Significantly stronger staining in SCCs compared to BCCs may indicate a role of COX-2 in cancer malignancy and serve as an indicator useful for differential diagnostics of the two types of cancer. Strong staining in all skin layers of SCC may help in detecting cancer cells infiltrating surrounding skin layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kuźbicki
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chwirot BW, Urban J, Kuźbicki Ł. Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression as indicator of favorable clinicopathological phenotype and better survival of colorectal cancer patients: Fact or artifact? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-9294.2011.01087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Chwirot BW, Kuźbicki Ł. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2): first immunohistochemical marker distinguishing early cutaneous melanomas from benign melanocytic skin tumours. Melanoma Res 2007; 17:139-45. [PMID: 17505259 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e3280dec6ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We have reported recently that changes in expression level of COX-2 are correlated with development and progression of human melanoma. In this study, we investigated whether the COX-2 expression level might be a useful immunohistochemical marker for distinguishing cutaneous melanomas from benign melanocytic lesions. Up to now, immunohistochemical markers have not ensured satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of differential pathologic diagnosis of melanoma. The expression of COX-2 was determined immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of 33 early Clark I/II melanomas and 58 naevi. Mean COX-2 expression in melanomas was significantly stronger than in naevi (P approximately 10(-13)). A simple diagnostic algorithm using threshold values of the COX-2 expression level allows for differentiation between early melanomas and naevi with high sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) (for Se between 91 and 100%, Sp values change between 96.5 and 51.7%). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were, respectively, 0.97+/-0.02 and 0.86+/-0.04 for the COX-2 expression in central and border regions of the lesions. For all the melanomas (not only the early ones),the respective areas under the ROC curve values were 0.98+/-0.01 and 0.97+/-0.02. In conclusion, COX-2 is the first immunohistochemical marker that allows the distinguishing of early melanomas from benign melanocytic lesions with both high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara W Chwirot
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|