[Sulforaphane reverses Aβ fiber-mediated M1 type microglia polarization and neuroinflammation-mediated necroptosis of neural stem cells by downregulating the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathways]

OBJECTIVE

To explore the effects of sulforaphane (SFN) and Aβ25-35 fibers (fAβ25-35) on M1/M2 polarization of BV-2 cells and neuroinflammation-mediated programmed necrosis of neural stem cells.

METHODS

BV-2 cells treated with different concentrations of fAβ25-35 and SFN were examined for changes in cell viability using the CCK-8 kit. The effect of fAβ25-35 alone or in combination with SFN or SB203580 on expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA and proteins were assessed in BV-2 cells using RT-qPCR and ELISA. CD16/32 and CD206 in the treated cells were analyzed with flow cytometry, and the cellular expressions of p-p38 and p-p65 protein were detected with Western blotting. C17.2 cells co-cultured with BV-2 cells for 24 h were examined for p-mlkl protein expression using Western blotting.

RESULTS

fAβ25-35 at the concentration of 6.25 μmol/L significantly increased the viability of BV-2 cells (P < 0.01) whereas fAβ25-35 beyond 50 μmol/L decreased the cell viability (P < 0.0001). Treatment of BV-2 cells with SFN below 10 μmol/L for 24 h did not significant affect the cell viability (P > 0.05). BV-2 cells treated with fAβ25-35 alone, as compared with the cells in the other 3 groups, showed significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA and protein expressions (P < 0.001), enhanced CD16/32 expression (P < 0.05), lowered CD206 expression (P < 0.01), and increased protein expressions of p-p38 and p- p65 (P < 0.01). C17.2 cells co-cultured with BV-2 cells treated with fAβ25-35, compared with the combined treatments, showed a significant reduction in the protein expression of p-mlkl (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

SFN reverses M1 type microglia polarization and neuroinflammation-mediated programmed necrosis of neural stem cells by downregulating the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in Aβ25-35-activated BV-2 cells.

[A cohort study of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy in children]

OBJECTIVES

To study the characteristics of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and the factors influencing the development of VIPN.

METHODS

The children with ALL, aged 1-18 years, who were treated with CCCG-ALL2015 or CCCG-ALL2020 regimen in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2018 to February 2022 were enrolled as subjects. According to the influence of age on risk, the children were divided into 1-10 years group with 91 children and >10 years group with 29 children. VIPN was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (5th edition), and the incidence rate, severity, and type of VIPN were compared between different groups.

RESULTS

A total of 120 children were enrolled in this study, among whom 56 (46.7%) developed VIPN. The >10 years group had a significantly higher incidence rate of VIPN than the 1-10 years group (69% vs 40%, P<0.05). Among the 56 children with VIPN, 12 (21%) had grade 3 VIPN or above, and 44 (79%) had grade 2 VIPN. There were 77 cases of autonomic nerve symptoms (59.7%), 42 cases of peripheral nerve injury (32.5%), and 10 cases of cranial nerve injury (7.8%). There were no significant differences in the severity and type of VIPN between the groups with different ages, sexes, degrees of risk, or treatment regimens (P>0.05). The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that age is the influencing factor for the occurrence of VIPN (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

There is a relatively high incidence rate of VIPN in children with ALL, with the highest incidence rate of autonomic nervous symptoms. The incidence of VIP in children over 10 years old is relatively high.

[Expression of HDAC9 in different brain regions in mice with cerebral ischemic stroke]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the expression and the subcellular localization of HDAC9 in different brain regions of mice after cerebral ischemic injury and explore the association between HDAC9 and ischemic stroke.

METHODS

Twenty-one male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n=9) and operated group (n=12). In the latter group, the mice with Zea-Longa neurological deficit scores of 2 or 3 following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were assigned into MCAO group (n=9). Immunofluorescence was performed to investigate the subcellular localization of HDAC9 in the brain tissues on day 3 after MCAO. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the expression of HDAC9 in different regions of the brain. Results Immunofluorescence showed more intense HDAC9 expressions in the brain tissues around the infarct focus, and in the cells surrounding the infarct, HDAC9 expression was obviously increased in the cytoplasm and reduced in the cell nuclei. Compared with the other brain regions, the ipsilesional cortex with MCAO showed more abundant HDAC9 expressions at both the mRNA and protein levels (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

HDAC9 may be closely related to cerebral ischemic injury and participate in the pathophysiological process of ischemic stroke.