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Anovitz LM, Affolter A, Cheshire MC, Rondinone AJ, Allard LF. Sol-gel synthesis of nano-scale, end-member albite feldspar (NaAlSi 3O 8). J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 603:459-467. [PMID: 34214722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Feldspars are the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, and are also important constituents of many lunar rocks and some stony meteorites. Albite (NaAlSi3O8) makes up the sodium corner of the feldspar ternary diagram (KAlSi3O8 - NaAlSi3O8 - CaAl2Si2O8) and connects the alkali-feldspar and plagioclase binary joins. Synthesis of albite, however, has long been a problem, even at high temperatures and even at high pressures when dry. In fact, most successful syntheses require the combination of high-pressure, high-temperature, and hydrothermal environments. This paper presents a sol-gel method of albite synthesis that requires hydrothermal processing followed by high-temperature recrystallization, but no high-pressure environments. This has the advantage of allowing synthesis of relatively large amounts of material and controlled elemental substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Anovitz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, MS 6110, P.O. Box 2008, Bldg. 4100, TN 37831, United States.
| | - A Affolter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, MS 6110, P.O. Box 2008, Bldg. 4100, TN 37831, United States
| | - M C Cheshire
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, MS 6110, P.O. Box 2008, Bldg. 4100, TN 37831, United States.
| | - A J Rondinone
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science Division, MS 6493, P.O. BOX 2008, Bldg. 8600, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6493, USA.
| | - Lawrence F Allard
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, MS 6064, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA.
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Eisen T, Marais R, Affolter A, Lorigan P, Ottensmeier C, Robert C, Corrie P, Chevreau C, Erlandsson F, Gore M. An open-label phase II study of sorafenib and dacarbazine as first-line therapy in patients with advanced melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.8529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
8529 Background: Sorafenib (SOR) exerts anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects via inhibition of VEGFR-1,-2,-3, PDGFR-a, -β and Raf. In a phase I, study SOR + dacarbazine (DTIC) as first-line therapy for advanced melanoma patients (pts) was well-tolerated and had activity. Methods: In this multicenter, phase II, open-label, uncontrolled, 2-stage study, eligibility criteria included: measurable disease by RECIST, ECOG performance status 0 or 1, no prior chemotherapy. Prior immunotherapy was allowed. Planned sample size was 82 pts based on a Simon 2-stage optimal design. Pts were treated with oral SOR 400 mg bid daily combined with repeated 21-day cycles of iv DTIC 1,000 mg/m2 given on day 1 of each cycle until occurrence of progressive disease or intolerable toxicity. The primary endpoint was overall tumor response rate using RECIST. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), safety and toxicity. Results: 30 and 53 pts were treated in Stages I and II, respectively. Baseline characteristics were as follows: median age 56 yrs; 60% male, 34% ECOG 1, 80% AJCC Stage IV M1c; 31% elevated LDH. Eight (10%) pts had partial responses, 34 (41%) had stable disease, 32 (39%) had progressive disease and 9 (11%) were not evaluable. The median PFS was 14 wks (95% CI 12, 19; 28% censored). PFS rates at 3 & 6 mos were 56% (45%, 67%; 13% censored) and 33% (22%, 45%; 24% censored), respectively. Median OS was 41 wks (28, 59, 63% censored). Grade 3/4 drug-related adverse events included: neutrophils 33%, platelets 22%, hand-foot skin reaction 8%, fatigue 7% and abdominal pain 6%. 1 patient had febrile neutropenia. To correlate treatment response with mutational status, melanoma samples from 20 pts were analyzed for mutations in B-RAF (exon 15) and PI3Kinase (exons 9 & 20). 3 of 20 samples had V600E mutations in B- RAF; no PI3Kinase alterations were detected. Conclusions: Addition of SOR to DTIC was well-tolerated and resulted in encouraging PFS and OS rates in this poor prognostic cohort of patients. The data are promising as compared with published results of DTIC alone in metastatic melanoma (RR 7.5%, PFS 6 wks; Bedikian et al. 2006). A recently completed randomized Phase II trial will provide additional information on the efficacy of this combination regimen. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Eisen
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R. Marais
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A. Affolter
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. Lorigan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Ottensmeier
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Robert
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P. Corrie
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C. Chevreau
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - F. Erlandsson
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Gore
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Royal Marsden Hospital & Inst of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Christie Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom; Southampton General Hospital, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Bayer AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Grüttgen A, Reichenzeller M, Jünger M, Schlien S, Affolter A, Bosch FX. Detailed gene expression analysis but not microsatellite marker analysis of 9p21 reveals differential defects in the INK4a gene locus in the majority of head and neck cancers. J Pathol 2001; 194:311-7. [PMID: 11439363 DOI: 10.1002/path.906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The INK4a gene locus on chromosome 9p21 encodes two proteins, p16(INK4a) and p14(ARF), which influence cell cycle control regulated by pRb and p53. The objective of this study was to use different methods for the analysis of the incidence of changes at the INK4a locus in head and neck cancer (HNSCC). Primary tumours were analysed for allelic imbalances (AI) with microsatellite markers for chromosome 9, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and IHC with enhanced sensitivity by tyramide signal amplification (TSA-IHC), and by RT-PCR. No homozygous deletions at 9p21 were detected. AI at 9p21, which was found in approximately 60% of the tumours, completely failed to indicate the functional inactivation of the two INK4a gene products. Immunostaining of normal squamous epithelia revealed very low levels of p16(INK4a), whereas p14(ARF) was readily detectable. In 160 tumours, IHC suggested a loss of p16(INK4a) expression in 90%. However, by TSA-IHC, only 53.7% showed loss of p16(INK4a) expression, and this was consistent with the RT-PCR analyses. In 100 tumours analysed for both proteins, selective loss of p16(INK4a) occurred in 37%; loss of p14(ARF) was found in only 15%, and selective loss in only 4%; 11% of the tumours had lost both proteins. We conclude that only IHC with high sensitivity and the combined expression analysis of mRNAs and proteins is suitable for studying the role of INK4a in HNSCC. The INK4a gene expression defects are frequent but not universal and primarily affect p16(INK4a). Their clinical impact is still not clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grüttgen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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