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Stipa G, Gabbrielli F, Rabbito C, Di Lazzaro V, Amantini A, Grippo A, Carrai R, Pasqui R, Barloscio D, Olivi D, Lori S. The Italian technical/administrative recommendations for telemedicine in clinical neurophysiology. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:1923-1931. [PMID: 32974797 PMCID: PMC7514225 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in technology, information technology, Internet networks, and, more recently, fiber optics in industrialized countries allow the exchange of a huge amount of data, in real time, across the globe. The acquisition of increasingly sophisticated technologies has made it possible to develop telemedicine, by which the specialist's evaluation can be carried out on the patient even remotely. In Italy, this very useful tool, although possible from a technological and information technology point of view, has not been developed because of the lack of clear and univocal rules and of major administrative obstacles related to the Italian Public Health System. To promote telemedicine implementation in Italy, the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology and the Italian Society of Telemedicine together with the National Centre for Telemedicine and New Assistive Technologies of the Italian Higher Institute of Health prepared these inter-society recommendations. Because of potential forensic value of these recommendations, they were prepared considering the current regulations and the General Data Protection Regulation and will provide the basis for a Consensus Conference planned to discuss and prepare National Telemedicine Guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Stipa
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuroscience Department, Terni Hospital - A.O. S. Maria, Terni, Italy.
- Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - SINC, Rome, Italy.
- Italian Society of Telemedicine and Healthcare - SIT, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Gabbrielli
- Italian Society of Telemedicine and Healthcare - SIT, Rome, Italy
- National Center for Telemedicine, Italian National Institute for Health - ISS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Rabbito
- Italian Society of Telemedicine and Healthcare - SIT, Rome, Italy
| | - V Di Lazzaro
- Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - SINC, Rome, Italy
- Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico of Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - A Amantini
- Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - SINC, Rome, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Muscular-Skeletal Department, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Grippo
- Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - SINC, Rome, Italy
- Italian Society of Telemedicine and Healthcare - SIT, Rome, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Muscular-Skeletal Department, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Carrai
- Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - SINC, Rome, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Muscular-Skeletal Department, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - R Pasqui
- Italian Society of Telemedicine and Healthcare - SIT, Rome, Italy
| | - D Barloscio
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuroscience Department, Terni Hospital - A.O. S. Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - D Olivi
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuroscience Department, Terni Hospital - A.O. S. Maria, Terni, Italy
| | - S Lori
- Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology - SINC, Rome, Italy
- Italian Society of Telemedicine and Healthcare - SIT, Rome, Italy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neuro-Muscular-Skeletal Department, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Zaccara G, Giorgi FS, Amantini A, Giannasi G, Campostrini R, Giovannelli F, Paganini M, Nazerian P. Why we prefer levetiracetam over phenytoin for treatment of status epilepticus. Acta Neurol Scand 2018; 137:618-622. [PMID: 29624640 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over last fifty years, intravenous (iv) phenytoin (PHT) loading dose has been the treatment of choice for patients with benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status epilepticus and several guidelines recommended this treatment regimen with simultaneous iv diazepam. Clinical studies have never shown a better efficacy of PHT over other antiepileptic drugs. In addition, iv PHT loading dose is a complex and time-consuming procedure which may expose patients to several risks, such as local cutaneous reactions (purple glove syndrome), severe hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias up to ventricular fibrillation and death, and increased risk of severe allergic reactions. A further disadvantage of PHT is that it is a strong enzymatic inducer and it may make ineffective several drugs that need to be used simultaneously with antiepileptic treatment. In patients with a benzodiazepine-resistant status epilepticus, we suggest iv administration of levetiracetam as soon as possible. If levetiracetam would be ineffective, a further antiepileptic drug among those currently available for iv use (valproate, lacosamide, or phenytoin) can be added before starting third line treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Zaccara
- Unit of Neurology; Department of Medicine; Usl centro Toscana Health Authority; Firenze Italy
| | - F. S. Giorgi
- Neurology Unit; Azienda Ospedialiero Universitaria Pisana; Pisa Italy
| | - A. Amantini
- SOD Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - G. Giannasi
- Emergency Department; Usl centro Toscana Health Authority; Firenze Italy
| | - R. Campostrini
- Unit of Neurology; Department of Medicine; Usl centro Toscana Health Authority; Firenze Italy
| | - F. Giovannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmacology and Child Health (NEUROFARBA); University of Florence; Firenze Italy
| | - M. Paganini
- Neurology Unit; Careggi University Hospital; Florence Italy
| | - P. Nazerian
- Emergency Department; Careggi University Hospital; Firenze Italy
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Martinelli C, Grippo A, Ammannati A, Gabbanini S, Boccardi C, Caramelli R, Carrai R, de Scisciolo G, Romoli S, Mangiafico S, Amantini A. 19. Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of spinal dural arteriovenous fistula. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Scarpino M, Lanzo G, Lolli F, Moretti M, Carrai R, Spalletti M, Migliaccio M, Peris A, Amantini A, Grippo A. 21. Brain computed tomography combined with somatosensory evoked potentials in the prediction of brain death after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Bastianelli M, Lanzo G, Cecchini L, Scarpino M, Spalletti M, Lolli F, Carrai R, Amantini A, Grippo A. 61. Stimulated single-fiber electromyography of the frontal muscle: Normative data using concentric needle. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carrai R, Grippo A, Lolli F, Spalletti M, Scarpino M, Ielapi C, Lanzo G, Peris A, Cianchi G, Olivo G, Valente S, Amantini A. 20. Not only the absence but also amplitude reduction of cortical SEPs predict ominous outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grippo A, Carrai R, Scarpino M, Spalletti M, Lanzo G, Cossu C, Peris A, Valente S, Amantini A. Neurophysiological prediction of neurological good and poor outcome in post-anoxic coma. Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 135:641-648. [PMID: 27480262 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigation of the utility of association between electroencephalogram (EEG) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) for the prediction of neurological outcome in comatose patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest (CA) treated with therapeutic hypothermia, according to different recording times after CA. METHODS Glasgow Coma Scale, EEG and SEPs performed at 12, 24 and 48-72 h after CA were assessed in 200 patients. Outcome was evaluated by Cerebral Performance Category 6 months after CA. RESULTS Within 12 h after CA, grade 1 EEG predicted good outcome and bilaterally absent (BA) SEPs predicted poor outcome. Because grade 1 EEG and BA-SEPs were never found in the same patient, the recording of both EEG and SEPs allows us to correctly prognosticate a greater number of patients with respect to the use of a single test within 12 h after CA. At 48-72 h after CA, both grade 2 EEG and BA-SEPs predicted poor outcome with FPR=0.0%. When these neurophysiological patterns are both present in the same patient, they confirm and strengthen their prognostic value, but because they also occurred independently in eight patients, poor outcome is predictable in a greater number of patients. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of EEG/SEP findings allows prediction of good and poor outcome (within 12 h after CA) and of poor outcome (after 48-72 h). Recording of EEG and SEPs in the same patients allows always an increase in the number of cases correctly classified, and an increase of the reliability of prognostication in a single patient due to concordance of patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Grippo
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
- Unità di Riabilitazione Neurologica; Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; IRCCS; Florence Italy
| | - R. Carrai
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
- Unità di Riabilitazione Neurologica; Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; IRCCS; Florence Italy
| | - M. Scarpino
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
- Unità di Riabilitazione Neurologica; Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; IRCCS; Florence Italy
| | - M. Spalletti
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - G. Lanzo
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - C. Cossu
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - A. Peris
- Unità di terapia Intensiva; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - S. Valente
- Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
| | - A. Amantini
- SODc Neurofisiopatologia; Dipartimento Neuromuscolo-Scheletrico e degli Organi di Senso; AOU Careggi; Florence Italy
- Unità di Riabilitazione Neurologica; Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; IRCCS; Florence Italy
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Spalletti M, Carraia R, Scarpino M, Cossu C, Ammannati A, Peris A, Valente S, Grippo A, Amantini A. 34. Burst-suppression with highly epileptiform bursts and with identical bursts: two subtypes within burst-suppression pattern. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scarpino M, Lanzo G, Carrai R, Lolli F, Migliaccio M, Spalletti M, Cozzolino M, Peris A, Amantini A, Grippo A. 10. Somatosensory Evoked Potentials as predictors of evolution toward brain death in comatose patients after acquired brain injury. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Spalletti M, Carrai R, Scarpino M, Cossu C, Ammannati A, Ciapetti M, Tadini Buoninsegni L, Peris A, Valente S, Grippo A, Amantini A. Single electroencephalographic patterns as specific and time-dependent indicators of good and poor outcome after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2610-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amantini A, Audenino D, Callegarini C, Carrai R, Celani M, Di Capua M, Donato F, Foresti C, Lanteri P, Lombardi M, Madera L, Marelli A, Megarelli S, Minardi C, Minicucci F, Monetti C, Montalenti E, Motti, Osio M, Piazza O, Politini L, Ricci F, Rota E, Scarpino M, Spalletti M, Valzania F, Vitelli E, Costa P, Grippo A. 78. Diagnostic accuracy of neurophysiological tests (EEG and SEP) in comatose patients after cardiac arrest: Protocol presentation of Italian Multicentric Study (ProNeCA). Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Spalletti M, Carrai R, Grippo A, Scarpino M, Ammannati A, Cassardo A, Peris A, Valente S, Amantini A. 80. EEG is a time-dependent reliable indicator of good or poor outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cesaretti C, Molesti E, Lolli F, Amantini A, Lori S. 53. OnabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment for chronic migraine: Four years follow-up in the experience of Careggi Hospital. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Grippo A, Carrai R, Atzori T, Vettori A, Hakiki B, Portaccio E, Romoli A, Scarpino M, Macchi C, Amantini A. 4. Neurophysiological pattern related to recovery of responsiveness in patients with disorders of consciousness after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carrai R, Comanducci A, Spalletti M, Pagano L, Pallanti S, Amantini A, Grippo A. 78. Neurophysiological markers of disrupted anticipatory expectancy in the adult ADHD disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Scarpino M, Lanzo G, Repice A, Magnani E, Carrai R, Amantini A, Massacesi L, Grippo A. 81. Motor evoked potential as a predictor of clinical response in multiple sclerosis patients treated with 4 aminopyridine. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amantini A, Carrai R, Spalletti M, Comanducci A, Cossu C, Gabbanini S, Peris A, Gensini G, Grippo A. 10. Prediction of good and poor outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest: The utility of early EEG/SEP recordings during therapeutic hypothermia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Comanducci A, Spalletti M, Martinelli C, Lanzo G, Carrai R, Amantini A, Grippo A. P830: Short-term habituation in disorders of consciousness: a diagnostic/prognostic tool? Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Scarpino M, Bandini G, Comanducci A, Bastianelli M, Repice A, Magnani E, Mechi C, Massacesi L, Carrai R, Amantini A, Grippo A. P707: Motor evoked potential as a predictor of clinical response in MS patients treated with 4 aminopyridine. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grippo A, Comanducci A, Lanzo G, Spalletti M, Pagano L, Pallanti S, Amantini A. P17: Neurophysiological markers of disrupted anticipatory expectancy in the adult ADHD pathology. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Spalletti M, Carrai R, Comanducci A, Cossu C, Gabbanini S, Peris A, Gensini G, Grippo A, Amantini A. P478: Prediction of good and poor outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest: the utility of early EEG/SEP recordings during therapeutic hypothermia. Clin Neurophysiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(14)50578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carrai R, Amantini A, Cossu C, Spalletti M, Comanducci A, Ammannati A, Peris A, Bonizzoli M, Ciapetti M, Gensini G, Pinto F, Grippo A. 10. Early EEG/SEPs recordings are reliable predictors of good and poor outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Comanducci A, Spalletti M, Martinelli C, Lanzo G, Carrai R, Pinto F, Amantini A, Grippo A. 95. Detection of short-term habituation (STH) in patients with disorder of consciousness (DOC): Our results and potential clinical implications. Clin Neurophysiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Grippo A, Carrai R, Fossi S, Cossu C, Mazzeschi E, Peris A, Bonizzoli M, Ciapetti M, Gensini GF, Pinto F, Amantini A. Absent SEP during therapeutic hypothermia did not reappear after re-warming in comatose patients following cardiac arrest. Minerva Anestesiol 2013; 79:360-369. [PMID: 23449240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early prediction of neurological outcome for patients resuscitated from cardiac arrest (CA) is a challenging task. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to improve neurological outcome after CA. Two recent studies indicated that somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) recorded during TH retains high prediction value for poor neurological outcome. It remains unclear whether TH can influence the recovery of bilaterally absent (BA) N20 after re-warming. The primary endpoint of the present study was to evaluate if patients with BA SEPs during TH can recover cortical responses after re-warming. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate whether BA SEPs recorded during TH retains its prediction value for poor neurological outcome as in normothermic patients. METHODS A single centre prospective cohort study including comatose adults resuscitated from in/out-of-hospital CA treated with TH. SEPs were recorded during TH (6-24 hours after CA) and after re-warming in those patients who remained comatose. Neurological outcome was assessed 6 months after CA using the Glasgow Outcome Scale. RESULTS Sixty patients were included. In patients with preserved SEP, no significant differences were found between N20 mean amplitude during TH and after re-warming. During TH, 24 patients showed bilaterally absent N20 but none of these recovered cortical responses after re-warming. All patients with absent SEPs during TH did not recover consciousness. CONCLUSIONS In a single centre cohort of comatose CA patients, our results showed that all patients with absent SEPs during early recording (6-24 hours) during TH showed bilaterally absent SEPs after re-warming. As a secondary result we confirmed previous data that BA SEPs during TH retains its prognostic value for poor neurological outcome, as in normothermic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grippo
- Clinical Neurophysiology Unit, Neuroscience Department, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Amantini A, Carrai R, Lori S, Peris A, Amadori A, Pinto F, Grippo A. Neurophysiological monitoring in adult and pediatric intensive care. Minerva Anestesiol 2012; 78:1067-1075. [PMID: 22672930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical neurophysiology is both an extension of clinical examination and an integration of neuroimaging. It plays a role in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Electroencephalography (EEG) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) are the most informative neurophysiological tests. Both have a major prognostic role in the hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injury (TBI). In the former the absence of bilateral cortical SEPs has an unfavorable prognostic significance of 100%, whereas bilateral normal SEPs has uncertain prognostic value. In TBI these SEP patterns have high early prognostic value for both bad and good outcome. Continuous EEG monitoring is indicated for diagnosis and treatment of non convulsive seizures and status epilepticus (NCSE), whereas SEPs are more able to indicate the occurrence of neurological deterioration. In our opinion EEG-SEP monitoring is also valuable for interpretation and management of ICP trends, contributing to optimise treatment in a single patient. The EEG seems to have the same prognostic utility in pediatric as in adult ICU. Recent reviews supported the use of SEPs in the integrated process of outcome prediction after acute brain injury in children. However differences in interpretation are needed and the issue is whether it is possible to establish an age limit over which the prediction of SEPs is similar to that in adults. There are only a few studies of seizure prevalence in pediatric ICU. The variability of frequency of NCSE in comatose children is high as in adults and, similar to the adult, remains unclear the impact on outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amantini
- Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Department, Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence, Italy.
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Fossi S, Carrai R, Amadori A, Bucciardini L, Innocenti P, Cossu C, Gabbanini S, Lori S, Pinto F, Grippo A, Amantini A. P11.15 Continuous EEG-SEP monitoring of acute brain injury in neurointensive care unit. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60403-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Amantini A, Fossi S, Carrai R, Spalletti M, Amadori A, Bucciardini L, Innocenti P, Cossu C, Lanzo G, Pinto F, Grippo A. P12.1 Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in acute brain injury: a prospective continuous EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Carrai R, Grippo A, Fossi S, Peris A, Bonizzoli E, Migliaccio S, Scarpelli S, Mazzeschi E, Valente S, Pinto F, Amantini A. P11.5 Hypoxic ischemic coma: somatosensory evoked potentials recorded during hypothermia retain their prognostic value. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Carrai R, Melani F, Fiesoli F, Caremani L, Fossi S, Comanducci A, Martinelli C, Lori S, Pinto F, Grippo A, Amantini A. P11.8 Direct muscle stimulation versus composed motor action potential (CMAP) duration for the diagnosis of critical illness “neuromyopathy”: evaluation of sensitivity and specificity. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Guérit JM, Amantini A, Amodio P, Andersen K, Butler S, de Weerd A, Facco E, Fischer C, Hantson P, Jäntti V, Lamblin MD, Litscher G, Péréon Y. Consensus on the use of neurophysiological tests in the intensive care unit (ICU): Electroencephalogram (EEG), evoked potentials (EP), and electroneuromyography (ENMG). Neurophysiol Clin 2009; 39:71-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Amantini A, Fossi S, Grippo A, Innocenti P, Amadori A, Bucciardini L, Cossu C, Nardini C, Scarpelli S, Roma V, Pinto F. Continuous EEG-SEP monitoring in severe brain injury. Neurophysiol Clin 2009; 39:85-93. [PMID: 19467438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To monitor acute brain injury in the neurological intensive care unit (NICU), we used EEG and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in combination to achieve more accuracy in detecting brain function deterioration. METHODS Sixty-eight patients (head trauma and intracranial hemorrhage; GCS<9) were monitored with continuous EEG-SEP and intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP). RESULTS Fifty-five patients were considered "stable" or improving, considering the GCS and CT scan: in this group, SEP didn't show significant changes. Thirteen patients showed neurological deteriorations and, in all patients, cortical SEP showed significant alterations (amplitude decrease>50% often till complete disappearance). SEP deterioration anticipated ICP increase in 30%, was contemporary in 38%, and followed ICP increase in 23%. Considering SEP and ICP in relation to clinical course, all patients but one with ICP less than 20 mmHg were stable, while the three patients with ICP greater than 40 mmHg all died. Among the 26 patients with ICP of 20-40 mmHg, 17 were stable, while nine showed clinical and neurophysiological deterioration. Thus, there is a range of ICP values (20-40 mmHg) were ICP is scarcely indicative of clinical deterioration, rather it is the SEP changes that identify brain function deterioration. Therefore, SEP have a twofold interest with respect to ICP: their changes can precede an ICP increase and they can constitute a complementary tool to interpret ICP trends. It has been very important to associate SEP and EEG: about 60% of our patients were deeply sedated and, because of their relative insensitivity to anesthetics, only SEP allowed us to monitor brain damage evolution when EEG was scarcely valuable. CONCLUSIONS We observed 3% of nonconvulsive status epilepticus compared to 18% of neurological deterioration. If the aim of neurophysiological monitoring is to "detect and protect", it may not be limited to detecting seizures, rather it should be able to identify brain deterioration, so we propose the combined monitoring of EEG with SEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amantini
- Unit of Clinical Neurophysiology, DAI Neurological Sciences, University of Florence - Az., Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, V. le Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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Carrai R, Grippo A, Fossi S, Campolo MC, Lanzo G, Pinto F, Amantini A. Transient post-traumatic locked-in syndrome: a case report and a literature review. Neurophysiol Clin 2008; 39:95-100. [PMID: 19467439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Post-traumatic locked-in syndrome may be particularly difficult to recognize, especially when it follows a state of coma and presents the clinical feature of a "total" locked-in syndrome. PATIENT AND METHODS A 56-year-old male with a closed head injury was admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) with GCS=4 (V1, M2, E1). Computed tomography (CT) scan disclosed a limited subarachnoid haemorrhage in the sylvian region without any brain oedema or ventricular shift. The GCS did not change until day 6. At the same time EEG showed a reactivity to acoustic stimuli consisting in the paradoxical appearance of a posterior rhythm in alpha range (10-12c/s), blocked by passive eye opening. Early cortical components (N20-P25) of somatosensory evoked potentials were normal on both hemispheres; middle components were also clearly evident. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed both diffuse and midbrain axonal injuries, particularly in a strategic lesion involving both cerebral peduncles. Event related potentials showed N2 and P3 components to stimulation by rare tones. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive multimodal neurophysiological approach, using the more informative tests and the proper time of recording, should be included in protocols for patients with severe head trauma, in order to establish the actual patient's clinical state and to avoid that a locked-in syndrome state be mistaken for prolonged coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state or akinetic mutism. Neurophysiological evaluation before discharge from ICU can be a baseline evaluation useful for the follow-up of low-responsive patients in the neuro-rehabilitation unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Carrai
- SOD Neurofisiopatologia-DAI Scienze Neurologiche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Viale Morgagni 85, Florence, Italy.
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Fossi S, Amantini A, Grippo A, Cossu C, Innocenti P, Bucciardini L, Pinto F. FC29.3 Monitoring of acute brain injury in neurointensive care unit : Neurophysiological and ICP correlation with outcome. Clin Neurophysiol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Fossi S, Amantini A, Grippo A, Innocenti P, Amadori A, Bucciardini L, Cossu C, Scarpelli S, Bruni I, Sgalla R, Pinto F. Continuous EEG–SEP monitoring of severely brain injured patients in NICU: methods and feasibility. Neurophysiol Clin 2006; 36:195-205. [PMID: 17095409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the feasibility of a continuous neurophysiologic monitoring (electroencephalography (EEG)-somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs)) in the neuro-intensive care unit (NICU), taking into account both the technical and medical aspects that are specific of this environment. METHODS We used an extension of the recording software that is routinely used in our unit of clinical neurophysiology. It performs cycles of alternate EEG and SEP recordings. Raw traces and trends are simultaneously displayed. Patient head and stimulator box are placed behind the bed and linked to the ICU monitoring terminal through optic fibers. The NICU staff has been trained to note directly clinical events, main artefacts and therapeutic changes. The hospital local area network (LAN) enables remote monitoring survey. RESULTS Continuous EEG (CEEG)-SEP monitoring was performed in 44 patients. Problems of needle detachment were seldomly encountered, thanks to the use of a sterile plastic dressing, which covers needles. We never had infection or skin lesions due to needles or the electrical stimulator. The frequent administration of sedative at high doses prevented us from having a clinically valuable EEG in several cases but SEPs were always monitorable, independently of the level of EEG suppression. The diagnosis of seizures and non-epileptic status was based on raw EEG, while quantitative EEG (QEEG) was used to quantify ictal activity as a guide to treatment. CONCLUSIONS EEG and EP waveforms collected in NICU were of comparable quality to routine clinical measurements and contained the same clinical information. A continuous SEP monitoring in a comatose and sedated patient in NICU is not technically more difficult and potentially less useful than in operating room. This monitoring appears to be feasible provided the observance of some requirement regarding setting, electrodes, montages, personnel integration, consulting and software.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fossi
- UO Neurophysiopatology, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, V.le Morgagni 85, 50134 Firenze, Italy
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Abstract
Anti-ganglioside antibody production and dysfunction of blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCB) are frequent findings in dysimmune neuropathy patients, whereas intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulins is still a matter of debate. We examined the CSF, immunological and electrophysiological characteristics from a cohort of patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), and from patients with other neurological diseases as control. Thirty-eight percent of GBS patients and 28% of CIDP patients had detectable serum titers of anti-ganglioside antibodies, which were associated with a high incidence of motor conduction block and increased F wave latencies. In GBS patients, but not in CIDP or control patients, there was an association between anti-ganglioside antibodies and increased CSF immunoglobulin-G (IgG) levels as determined by the IgG index. However, none of the GBS patients had CSF oligoclonal bands (OBs) or indications of intrathecal anti-ganglioside antibody synthesis. The possibility of an abnormal CSF concentration of immunoglobulins from serum through dysfunctional BCB or damaged nerve roots, and the role of serum anti-ganglioside reactivity in this process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matà
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Science, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.
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37
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Fossi S, Amantini A, Grippo A, Cossu C, Boni N, Pinto F. Anoxic-ischemic alpha coma: prognostic significance of the incomplete variant. Neurol Sci 2004; 24:397-400. [PMID: 14767685 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-003-0195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of post-anoxic-ischemic alpha coma (AC) is controversial. We recorded somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and performed serial electroencephalography (EEG) in a 60-year-old woman in coma after cardiac arrest. The first EEG was recorded after 48 hours (GCS=5; E1-V1-M3); brain-stem reflexes were preserved. The EEG pattern showed monotonous alpha frequencies (10-11 Hz) with posterior predominance; acoustic and noxious stimuli evoked EEG reactivity. Early cortical SEPs (72 h) were normal. On the fifth day (GCS=8; E4-V1-M3), the EEG alpha pattern was replaced by a diffuse delta activity; rhythmic theta changes appeared spontaneously or in response to stimuli. The patient regained consciousness on the tenth day and EEG showed posterior theta activity (6-7 c/s) partially reactive to stimuli. At the 6-month follow-up, cognitive evaluation showed mild dementia. Recent studies identified two forms of AC. Patients with complete AC have an outcome that is almost invariably poor. Conversely, incomplete AC (posteriorly accentuated alpha frequency, reactive and with SEPs mostly normal) reflects a less severe degree of anoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. The case we report should be classified, according to the SEPs and EEG features, as incomplete AC. The fact that the patient has regained consciousness, even if with residual cognitive impairment, confirms the need to distinguish this variant from complete AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fossi
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50134, Firenze, Italy
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38
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Cellerini M, Bayon S, Scazzeri F, Mangiafico S, Amantini A, Guizzardi GC, Giordano GP. Idiopatic spinal cord herniation: a treatable cause of Brown-Séquard syndrome. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002; 144:321-5. [PMID: 12021877 DOI: 10.1007/s007010200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of thoracic idiopathic spinal cord herniation (ISCH) focusing on the peculiar diagnostic and therapeutic issues posed by this rare disorder. In particular MR evaluation of CSF dynamic with a 2D PC cine-MR technique and demonstration of progressive cord herniation on consecutive MR examinations allowed insight on the differential diagnosis and pathophysiological mechanisms of ISCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cellerini
- Neuroradiology Unit, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
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39
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Abstract
Laser pulses selectively excite mechano-thermal nociceptors and evoke brain potentials that may reveal small-fiber dysfunction. We applied CO2-laser pulses to the perioral and supraorbital regions and recorded the scalp laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) and reflex responses in the orbicularis oculi, masticatory, and neck muscles in 30 controls and 10 patients with facial sensory disturbances. Low-intensity pulses readily evoked scalp potentials consisting of a negative component with a latency of 165 ms followed by a positive component at 250 ms. In vertex recordings, the amplitude of LEPs exceeded 30 microV. Although only high-intensity pulses evoked reflex responses, some subjects showed--even to low-intensity pulses--an orbicularis oculi (blink-like) response that markedly contaminated the scalp recording. Scalp LEPs were abnormal in patients with hypalgesia and normal trigeminal reflexes and normal in patients with normal pain sensitivity and abnormal trigeminal reflexes. Possibly because of the high receptor density in this area and the short conduction distance, laser stimulation of the trigeminal territory yields low-threshold and large LEPs, which are useful for detecting dysfunction in peripheral and central pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Cruccu
- Dipartimento Scienze Neurologiche, Viale Università 30, Roma, Italy
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40
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Bosi A, Zazzi M, Amantini A, Cellerini M, Vannucchi AM, De Milito A, Guidi S, Saccardi R, Lombardini L, Laszlo D, Rossi Ferrini P. Fatal herpesvirus 6 encephalitis after unrelated bone marrow transplant. Bone Marrow Transplant 1998; 22:285-8. [PMID: 9720744 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1701326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A complex pattern of neurological dysfunctions with generalized seizures and visual allucinations, but without focal signs, suddenly arose 20 days after an unrelated bone marrow transplant for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in a 13-year-old girl, accompanied by signs of acute skin graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed multiple bilateral foci of signal abnormalities, which were exclusively localized in the grey matter, sparing the white. Extensive microbiological and virological assays of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) allowed the identification of HHV-6, variant A, DNA. Further progression of both neurological alterations and of skin and gut GVHD led to a fatal outcome 2 weeks later. A retrospective analysis of both the recipient and donor mononuclear cell suspensions supported the hypothesis that HHV-6 had been acquired from the donor with the bone marrow graft. This report suggests a pathogenetic role of HHV-6 in viral encephalitis in immunocompromised bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, and its possible association with GVHD.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Bone Marrow Transplantation/adverse effects
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- DNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Electroencephalography
- Encephalitis, Viral/etiology
- Encephalitis, Viral/transmission
- Encephalitis, Viral/virology
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
- Herpesviridae Infections/etiology
- Herpesviridae Infections/transmission
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/pathogenicity
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Tissue Donors
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bosi
- Department of Hematology, University of Florence, Italy
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41
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Miliani A, Bergesio F, Salvadori M, Amantini A, Macucci M, Arbustini E, Becucci A, Sodi A, Zuccarini S, Menicucci A, Torricelli F, Capobianco T, Di Lollo S, Piazza E, Gemmi F, Cozzolino F, Merlini G. Familial AL-amyloidosis in three Italian siblings. Haematologica 1996; 81:105-9. [PMID: 8641636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS Familial occurrence of immunoglobulin-related (AL) amyloidosis has occasionally been reported. In this work we describe the concomitance of systemic amyloidosis and monoclonal gammopathy (one case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and two cases without multiple myeloma or related diseases) in three Italian siblings, two males and one female. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All of them showed a common pattern of polyneuropathy to different degrees; two presented a sicca syndrome and one also suffered from nephropathy. Two of them showed the same HLA typing with the same light chain type (k), but had different presenting symptoms. Polyneuropathy and a history of peptic disease in two cases was suggestive of type III familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) occurring in the setting of a familial monoclonal component. However, immunohistochemical studies on different tissue specimens using anti-apolipoprotein A1 and anti-transthyretin antibodies were negative. Further screening of DNA samples for transthyretin (TTR) gene mutations was also negative. Clinical and laboratory investigations ruled out reactive or senile amyloidosis and immunohistochemical studies with anti-light chain antibodies on amyloidotic tissue specimens were positive. As a consequence, this family represents a new case of familial AL-amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Miliani
- Institute of Internal Medicine IV, University of Firenze, Italy
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Amantini A, Lombardi M, de Scisciolo G, Piacentini S, Pinto F. CO2-laser and electric somatosensory evoked potentials in Friedreich's ataxia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 1996; 46:233-40. [PMID: 9059798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Amantini
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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43
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Abate A, Chini G, Amantini A, Ragazzoni A, Pieroni C. [99mTc HMPAO (technetium 99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime) angioscintigraphy in the diagnosis of brain death]. Minerva Anestesiol 1995; 61:329-34. [PMID: 8948745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of brain death has great importance for the social and medical purposes, such as organs transplantation, and is based on clinical examination and EEG records. We report two doubtful cases of brain death in whom the 99mTc HMPAO scintigraphy was used to confirm the complete absence of cerebral perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Abate
- I.U.O. Anestesia e Rianimazione USL 10/D Firenze
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Barontini F, Maurri S, Amantini A. "Epilepsia partialis continua" due to multifocal encephalitis: favourable outcome after immunoglobulin treatment. Ital J Neurol Sci 1994; 15:157-61. [PMID: 8056563 DOI: 10.1007/bf02339208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The case of a young woman with EPCK is described in which neoplastic and vascular disorders were excluded. Supported by EEG and PET, EPCK was imputed to multifocal encephalitis notwithstanding serological and CSF negativity. Cerebral biopsy confirmed the inflammatory nature of the affection, although the etiologic agent was not identified. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy was followed by the prompt disappearance of EPCK and the remission of the other neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barontini
- Clinica Neurologica III, Università di Firenze
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45
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Ragazzoni A, Amantini A, Lombardi M, Macucci M, Mascalchi M, Pinto F. Electric and CO2 laser SEPs in a patient with asymptomatic syringomyelia. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 88:335-8. [PMID: 7688288 DOI: 10.1016/0168-5597(93)90057-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We recorded electrically stimulated somatosensory evoked potentials (electric SEPs) and pain-related SEPs following CO2 laser stimulation (CO2 laser SEPs) from a 17-year-old patient affected by myotonic dystrophy whose MRI disclosed a large syrinx extending from spinal level C2 to S3. Careful clinical and electromyographic examinations revealed no motor or sensory disturbances, apart from myotonia. The only abnormality noted in median and ulnar nerve short-latency electric SEPs (recorded with a non-cephalic reference electrode) was the absence of cervical component N13, the other SEP responses (N9, N10, N11, P14, N20) being normal. The cutaneous pain threshold and CO2 laser SEPs (both obtained by a CO2 laser beam applied to the back of the hand) were normal. Thus cervical component N13 appears to be highly sensitive to the effects of central cord lesions, even when these are asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ragazzoni
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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46
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Amantini A, Bartelli M, de Scisciolo G, Lombardi M, Macucci M, Rossi R, Pratesi C, Pinto F. Monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials during carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol 1992; 239:241-7. [PMID: 1607883 DOI: 10.1007/bf00810344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were monitored in the course of 368 carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) carried out in 312 patients. In an initial group of 26 patients the shunt was used routinely while in a second group, involving 342 CEAs, it was applied selectively on the basis of modifications which the SEP underwent during clamping. The criterion for shunting was the progressive reduction, up to 50%, of the N20-P25 amplitude. New postoperative neurological deficits appeared in 6 patients, all of whom displayed a transitory SEP flattening. The SEPs of 2 of these returned to normal by the time they awoke and both showed a clinical deficit homolateral to the operated side. In only 2 cases did the deficit fail to regress completely and their postoperative CT scans revealed ischaemic lesions. A positive relationship emerged between SEP changes and back pressure values; nonetheless, as many as 75% of the patients with low residual back pressure values (less than 25 mmHg) tolerated the clamping. SEP monitoring appears to provide a reliable basis for selectively applying a shunt when there is a high risk of haemodynamic ischaemia during clamping.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amantini
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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47
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Amantini A, Bartelli M, de Scisciolo G, Lombardi M, Grippo A, Pinto F. Transmission times from cutaneous and mixed nerves of lower limbs. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992; 32:73-80. [PMID: 1311673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In each of 10 normal subjects, P28 and N31 far-field components as well as the cortical N37 and P40 waves were identified for both Sural (SN) and Posterior Tibial nerve (PTN) stimulation at the ankle. Peripheral conduction velocity along the popliteal fossa-L3 segment and spinal transmission velocity over the L3-Cv2 segment did not differ significantly for the two nerves. The average latencies of N37 and P40 to stimulation of PTN were 2.55 and 3.65 msec shorter than corresponding latencies from SN. If we consider the P28-N37 and P28-P40 intervals as central transmission times, only the former approaches upper limb CCT values closely enough to support the analogy between median nerve N20 and PTN N37. At the intracranial level, the P28-N37 inter-peak latency was significantly shorter for PTN than SN. The P28 component is generally attributed to lemniscal activity. Thus, the discrepancy in afferent transmission times from the leg's mixed and sensory nerves would appear to take place at a level that is supralemniscal but subcortical.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Amantini
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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48
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Del Mese A, Guidi L, Amantini A, Gallerini L, Migliaccio L, Masci E, Pinto F. [Post-anoxic coma: electrophysiologic considerations]. Minerva Anestesiol 1991; 57:990. [PMID: 1961583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Del Mese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Psichiatriche, Università degli Studi di Firenze
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49
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Tozzi F, Amantini A, Chiarelli AG, Rosso L, Lombardi M. [Post-traumatic brain-stem coma: prognostic limitations of evoked potentials]. Minerva Anestesiol 1990; 56:1311-4. [PMID: 2290572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Tozzi
- U.O. Anestesia e Rianimazione, USL 10/D Careggi-Firenze
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Pinto F, Ragazzoni A, Amantini A, de Scisciolo G, Bartelli M, Rossi R, Pieraccioli E. Anesthetic induction with thiopental: its effect on scalp topography of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1990; 34:389-92. [PMID: 2389654 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1990.tb03108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects on median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of analgesic doses of fentanyl, meperidine or morphine and of sodium thiopental (STP) anesthesia (4 mg/kg) were tested in 36 surgical patients. We also explored changes in SEP components as a function of their scalp location. Before and after medication, responses were recorded from the scalp overlying the parietal cortex (ipsi- and contralateral to the stimulated arm) and the precentral (contralateral) cortex. None of the three opiates affected SEP latencies or amplitudes. The barbiturate increased the amplitudes of subcortical and early cortical components (N18, N20, P22, P25), whose latencies, however, were not significantly modified. The effect of STP on later SEP cortical components depended on their scalp topography: parietal N33 and P45 underwent significant changes in both latency and amplitude, whereas precentral N30 showed a significant amplitude increase only. Thiopental anesthesia produces clearer short-latency SEP recordings, from both parietal (components N20-P25) and precentral (P22, N30) areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pinto
- Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
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