Optical-electrical properties and global reactivity analysis of aluminum phthalocyanine chloride

Global reactivity descriptors, Milliken’s charge distribution and molecular electrostatic potential based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), are used to understand the relationship between structure, stability and global chemical reactivity. In addition, these descriptors are used in the development of quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationships. The study also shows the intense effect of the chlorine atom in the charge distribution. X-ray pattern reveals the crystalline structure along the (242) orientation of Aluminum Chloride phthalocyanine (AlCl-Pc) organic thin layer. Absorbance of such layer exhibits a high value within UV range and two consecutive peaks within visible range, spin coating is used to make an organic diode based on the AlCl-Pc cluster and the diode high rectifying facility is discovered. The height barrier is constant and saturation current is greatly reliant on light, the ideality factor of such a diode increases to 6.9 which confirms the non-ideality of such device.

Synthesis and characterization of ZnGa2O4 composites and its photocatalytic properties for energy applications

ZnGa₂O₄ nanocomposites have been widely used for photocatalytic degradation of industrial dyes. In this work, ZnGa₂O₄ was synthesized from zinc sulphate heptahydrate ZnSO₄^.10H₂O and Gallium (III) oxide (Ga₂O₃) by hydrothermal method. As prepared, ZnGa₂O₄ nanocomposites was used as a photocatalyst degradation of three organic dyes rhodamine-B, methylene blue, and methyl orange, under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The ZnGa₂O₄ nanocomposites structure, morphology, size and optical properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy (FT-Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and photoluminescence spectra (PL). Moreover, the results explained the rate-controlling mechanisms of the dye degradation process followed by second-order kinetics. After 100 min of adsorption kinetic models, the decomposition of rhodamine-B (7.2 Ct mg/L, 5.2 Ct mg/L, and 4.1 Ct mg/L), methylene blue (42.8 qt mg/g, 44.8 qt mg/g, and 45.9 qt mg/g), and methyl orange (42.8 qe mg/g, 44.8 qe mg/g, and 45.9 qe mg/g) respectively. This investigation study offers a promising method to design more efficient ZnGa₂O₄ nanocomposites based photocatalytic degradation of industrial organic dyes.

Adsorption of copper and nickel by using sawdust chitosan nanocomposite beads - A kinetic and thermodynamic study

The adsorption behavior of biomaterial activated Sawdust-Chitosan nanocomposite beads (SDNCB) powder was investigated along with synthesis and experimental techniques approaches to study the removal efficiency of some heavy metal ions including Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions by assessing the surface-modified activated carbon by the cost-effective non-conventional method. Structural analysis of the entitled compound was evaluated by the PXRD techniques and its surface morphology was inferred by the following techniques: TEM, EDAX. The behavior of the functional group presents in the compound was discussed using the FTIR technique. Such parameters like dosage, pH, time, temperature, and initial concentration of copper and nickel were associated with this to examine the effect of adsorption of heavy elements that exist in the portable solution. Further, the cellulose and chitosan beads complex material have an appropriate surface area, it demonstrated metal ions removal efficiency was more appreciable due to the action of activated carbon, where this showed fast rate sorption kinetics due to strong involvement of Cu⁺ & Ni⁺ towards cellulose and chitosan's functional groups in the bio composite. The isotherm model so-called Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin model was utilized to plot the experimental adsorption dataset to infer the maximum adsorption capacity. Based on this model, the adsorption properties of the beads treated compound was determined by plotting the graphs in which sorption intensity (n) which implies expected sorption, and the correlation value are 1.989, 0.998, and 0,981 respectively.

Preparation, Characterization and Structure Prediction of In₂SnO₃ and Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR and UV-Visible) Study Using Computational Approach

Unadulterated and scorch stage In₂SnO₃ nanopowder is effectively arranged with the doping proportion of 80-20% (In₂O₃-Sn) by simple sol-gel combustion direction. The material is characterized by XRD measurements and their geometrical parameters are compared with calculated values. The FT-IR and NMR spectra are recorded in both bulk and nanophase and FT-Raman spectrum is recorded in bulk phase and the fundamental frequencies are assigned. The optimized parameters and the frequencies are calculated using HF and DFT (B3LYP, B3PW91 and MPW1PW91) theory in bulk phase of In₂SnO₃ and are compared with its nanophase. The vibrational frequency pattern in nanophase gets realigned and the frequencies are shifted up and down little bit to the region of spectra when compared with bulk phase. The UV-visible spectrum is simulated and analyzed. The frontier molecular orbital analysis has been carried out and the values of the HOMO-LUMO bandgap (Kubo gap) explore the optical and electronic characteristics of the In₂SnO₃. Structural studies by XRD showed the crystallite sizes of the particles. The atomic arrangement in the grain boundary seems to be somewhat different from regular periodic arrangement whereas inside the grain there is a good periodic arrangement of atoms. Above 10 mol% Sn ions, 15 mol% Sn ions, 20 mol% Sn ions to 50 mol% Sn ions form correlated clusters, 20 mol% Sn ions which lead to broadening. These EPR spectra were formed to contain two different components, one from the single isolated ions and the other from the clusters. The transition is observed for different composition increase with decreasing grain size.

Nanostructured Metal Tellurides and Their Heterostructures for Thermoelectric Applications-A Review

Telluride's and Selenides were assessed whether it is appropriate for thermoelectric effects. Previous researches showed that researchers strived to progress the performance of telluride based materials in creating structures where the entire dimensions are reduced, such as nanowires or thin films. Seebeck and Peltier coefficient was developed by means of Telluride thermoelectric devices. Epitaxial growth methods such as molecular beam epitaxy and metal organic chemical vapor deposition are some of the frequent methods of acquiring telluride thin films. Thermoelectric nano thin films and nanostructured materials should have the properties of insulation so that it can be used as energy storage devices and thermo electric generators. Conduction of electricity is usually convoyed by reversible and irreversible effects, such as electrical resistance and thermal conduction which is used to, Peltier refrigerators, generating electricity, renewable energies and its applications. Telluride films can be used in thermoelectric applications; these thermoelectric materials are mainly rare metals such as (Bi), (Te), (Pb) and (Sb). Thermal conductivity, figure of merit is advantageous factor of these energy storage devices. Thermoelectric cooler, thermoelectric generators are the powerful sources which can be eligible due to the use of telluride thin films. The thermal conductivity performance, figure of merit and Seebeck and Peltier coefficients of diverse materials were conferred.

Green chemical approach towards the synthesis of CeO2 doped with seashell and its bacterial applications intermediated with fruit extracts

Nanomaterials of CeO₂ with A. vera were synthesized by using simple chemical method. Grapes drops are used as an oxidizing agent. Structural and morphological studies of nanomaterials of cerium oxide (CeO₂), were studied for combustion method of preparation. The precursor solution was initialized by a hydrothermal reaction. Cerium hydroxyl carbonate precursors which involves cerium (III) nitrate Ce(NO₃)₃. 6 H₂O with (1.0M) of seashell powder, 3% A. vera, extracts, grapes and pomegranate drops and this complex solution was used to produce the CeO₂ powder particles. We have prepared another sample with 5% of Aloe vera extract and found that 3% Aloe vera extract has lesser grain size and enhanced band gap values, so the article explained the sample analysis of combination with 3% extract of Aloe vera. The product has the rod pattern which was the unusual features appear to originate from the unique crystal chemistry aspects. From the optical absorption spectrum, it has been shown that the CeO₂ rods have 3.847eV of direct band gap energy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the synthesized compounds exhibited activity towards various microbial pathogens such as B. subtilis (15μg/mL), S. aureus (50μg/mL), S. epidermidis (20μg/mL), E. faecalis (25μg/mL) and towards E. coli (100μg/mL), K. pneumoniae (50μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (75μg/mL) respectively. The tests on bacterial activities confirmed that the CeO₂ rods are suitable hand for the biological applications. The seashell structure and the phytochemical contents of A. vera might enhance its bacterial activities.

Preparation and characterizations of SnO2 nanopowder and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Visible and NMR) analysis using HF and DFT calculations

In this work, pure and singe phase SnO2 Nano powder is successfully prepared by simple sol-gel combustion route. The photo luminescence and XRD measurements are made and compared the geometrical parameters with calculated values. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra are recorded and the fundamental frequencies are assigned. The optimized parameters and the frequencies are calculated using HF and DFT (LSDA, B3LYP and B3PW91) theory in bulk phase of SnO2 and are compared with its Nano phase. The vibrational frequency pattern in nano phase gets realigned and the frequencies are shifted up to higher region of spectra when compared with bulk phase. The NMR and UV-Visible spectra are simulated and analyzed. Transmittance studies showed that the HOMO-LUMO band gap (Kubo gap) is reduced from 3.47 eV to 3.04 eV while it is heated up to 800°C. The Photoluminescence spectra of SnO2 powder showed a peak shift towards lower energy side with the change of Kubo gap from 3.73 eV to 3.229 eV for as-prepared and heated up to 800°C.