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Nagarkar M, Keely SP, Jahne M, Wheaton E, Hart C, Smith B, Garland J, Varughese EA, Braam A, Wiechman B, Morris B, Brinkman NE. SARS-CoV-2 monitoring at three sewersheds of different scales and complexity demonstrates distinctive relationships between wastewater measurements and COVID-19 case data. Sci Total Environ 2022; 816:151534. [PMID: 34780821 PMCID: PMC8590472 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 presents a means of tracking COVID-19 community infection dynamics on a broader geographic scale. However, accounting for environmental and sample-processing losses may be necessary for wastewater measurements to readily inform our understanding of infection prevalence. Here, we present measurements of the SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 gene targets from weekly wastewater samples at three sites in Hamilton County, Ohio, during an increase and subsequent decline of COVID-19 infections. The concentration of N1 or N2 RNA in wastewater, measured over the course of six months, ranged from below the detection limit to over 104 gene copies/l, and correlated with case data at two wastewater treatment plants, but not at a sub-sewershed-level sampling site. We also evaluated the utility of a broader range of variables than has been reported consistently in previous work, in improving correlations of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations with case data. These include a spiked matrix recovery control (OC43), flow-normalization, and assessment of fecal loading using endogenous fecal markers (HF183, PMMoV, crAssphage). We found that adjusting for recovery, flow, and fecal indicators increased these correlations for samples from a larger sewershed (serving ~488,000 people) with greater industrial and stormwater inputs, but raw N1/N2 concentrations corresponded better with case data at a smaller, residential-oriented sewershed. Our results indicate that the optimal adjustment factors for correlating wastewater and clinical case data moving forward may not be generalizable to all sewersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nagarkar
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - S P Keely
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - M Jahne
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - E Wheaton
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - C Hart
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - B Smith
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - J Garland
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - E A Varughese
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - A Braam
- APTIM Corp., 4171 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809.
| | - B Wiechman
- APTIM Corp., 4171 Essen Lane, Baton Rouge, LA 70809.
| | - B Morris
- Pegasus Technical Services Inc., 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - N E Brinkman
- Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Freeman R, Gorter R, Braam A. Dentists interacting and working with female dental nurses: a qualitative investigation of gender differences in primary dental care. Br Dent J 2004; 196:161-5; discussion 154. [PMID: 14963442 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4810944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Accepted: 04/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate if women compared with men dentists experience deferential treatment from their female nurses, what workplace strategies women use to manage chair-side assistance and to examine if these were country related. METHOD A convenience sample of 22 male and female dentists of different ages working in general dental practice in The Netherlands and Northern Ireland participated. The sample framework was determined by saturation of the concepts. All informants were interviewed in a clinical setting. The data was subjected to rigorous line by line coding in order to identify clusters of codes, themes and concepts. RESULTS Three themes were identified. These were: experiencing deferential nursing assistance; adopting 'friendly-like' working strategies and adopting business-like, hierarchical working strategies. Gender differences were shown for each of the themes. Women rather than men made friends with their nurses and attempted to reduce status inequalities. This led to workplace strategy inconsistencies. This suggested that it was not the type of strategy adopted but the inconsistency with which it was implemented that caused difficulties between younger women dentists and their nurses. CONCLUSIONS Training dental students and young graduates how to interact appropriately in the clinical situation and to appreciate the nurses' work status will assist in improving working relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Freeman
- Dental Public Health, Queen's University, Northern Ireland.
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Wendling J, Gusev AA, Suter UW, Braam A, Leemans L, Meier RJ, Aerts J, Heuvel JVD, Hottenhuis M. Crystal Morphology and Thermodynamics of Poly(ethylene-4,4‘-biphenyl dicarboxylate) and Related Copolymers with Ethylene-2,6-naphthalene Dicarboxylate. Macromolecules 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ma982013r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wendling
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - A. A. Gusev
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - U. W. Suter
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - A. Braam
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - L. Leemans
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Robert J. Meier
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - J. Aerts
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - J. v. d. Heuvel
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - M. Hottenhuis
- Department of Materials, ETH, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8052 Zürich, Switzerland, DSM Research, NL-6160 MD Geleen, The Netherlands, and Akzo Nobel Central Research, NL-6800 SB Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Dijkhuizen T, van den Berg E, Wilbrink M, Weterman M, Geurts van Kessel A, Störkel S, Folkers RP, Braam A, de Jong B. Distinct Xp11.2 breakpoints in two renal cell carcinomas exhibiting X;autosome translocations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1995; 14:43-50. [PMID: 8527383 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.2870140108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several human renal cell carcinomas with X;autosome translocations have been reported in recent years. The t(X;1)(p11.2;q21) appears to be a specific primary anomaly, suggesting that tumors with this translocation form a distinct subgroup of RCC. Here we report two new cases, one with a t(X;10)(p11.2;q23), the other with a t(X;1)(p11.2;p34). The common breakpoint in Xp11.2 suggests that they belong to the above-mentioned subset of RCC. Using FISH in conjunction with X-specific YAC clones, we demonstrate that the two new cases exhibited distinct breakpoints within Xp11.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dijkhuizen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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