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van Gemert Y, Kozijn AE, Pouwer MG, Kruisbergen NNL, van den Bosch MHJ, Blom AB, Pieterman EJ, Weinans H, Stoop R, Princen HMG, van Lent PLEM. Novel high-intensive cholesterol-lowering therapies do not ameliorate knee OA development in humanized dyslipidemic mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1314-1323. [PMID: 33722697 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.02.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High systemic cholesterol levels have been associated with osteoarthritis (OA) development. Therefore, cholesterol lowering by statins has been suggested as a potential treatment for OA. We investigated whether therapeutic high-intensive cholesterol-lowering attenuated OA development in dyslipidemic APOE∗3Leiden.CETP mice. METHODS Female mice (n = 13-16 per group) were fed a Western-type diet (WTD) for 38 weeks. After 13 weeks, mice were divided into a baseline group and five groups receiving WTD alone or with treatment: atorvastatin alone, combined with PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab and/or ANGPTL3 inhibitor evinacumab. Knee joints were analysed for cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation and ectopic bone formation using histology. Aggrecanase activity in articular cartilage and synovial S100A8 expression were determined as markers of cartilage degradation/regeneration and inflammation. RESULTS Cartilage degradation and active repair were significantly increased in WTD-fed mice, but cholesterol-lowering strategies did not ameliorate cartilage destruction. This was supported by comparable aggrecanase activity and S100A8 expression in all treatment groups. Ectopic bone formation was comparable between groups and independent of cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS Intensive therapeutic cholesterol lowering per se did not attenuate progression of cartilage degradation in dyslipidemic APOE∗3Leiden.CETP mice, with minor joint inflammation. We propose that inflammation is a key feature in the disease and therapeutic cholesterol-lowering strategies may still be promising for OA patients presenting both dyslipidemia and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y van Gemert
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A E Kozijn
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M G Pouwer
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden UMC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - N N L Kruisbergen
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M H J van den Bosch
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - E J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - R Stoop
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - P L E M van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Warmink K, Kozijn AE, Bobeldijk I, Stoop R, Weinans H, Korthagen NM. High-fat feeding primes the mouse knee joint to develop osteoarthritis and pathologic infrapatellar fat pad changes after surgically induced injury. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:593-602. [PMID: 32222415 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is one of the greatest risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA) and evidence is accumulating that inflammatory mediators and innate immunity play an important role. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) could be a potential local source of inflammatory mediators in the knee. Here, we combine surgical joint damage with high-fat feeding in mice to investigate inflammatory responses in the IPFP during OA development. DESIGN Mice (n = 30) received either a low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks or switched diets (LFD > HFD) after 10 weeks. OA was induced by surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), contralateral knees served as sham controls. An additional HFD-only group (n = 15) received no DMM. RESULTS The most pronounced inflammation, characterized by macrophage crown-like structures (CLS), was found in HFD + DMM mice, CLS increased compared to HFD only (mean difference = 7.26, 95%CI [1.52-13.0]) and LFD + DMM (mean difference = 6.35, 95%CI [0.53-12.18). The M1 macrophage marker iNOS increased by DMM (ratio = 2.48, 95%CI [1.37-4.50]), while no change in M2 macrophage marker CD206 was observed. Fibrosis was minimal by HFD alone, but in combination with DMM it increased with 23.45% (95%CI [13.67-33.24]). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a high-fat diet alone does not trigger inflammation or fibrosis in the infrapatellar fat pad, but in combination with an extra damage trigger, like DMM, induces inflammation and fibrosis in the infrapatellar fat pad. These data suggest that HFD provides a priming effect on the infrapatellar fat pad and that combined actions bring the joint in a metabolic state of progressive OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Warmink
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - A E Kozijn
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - I Bobeldijk
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - R Stoop
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - N M Korthagen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Kozijn AE, Tartjiono MT, Ravipati S, van der Ham F, Barrett DA, Mastbergen SC, Korthagen NM, Lafeber FPJG, Zuurmond AM, Bobeldijk I, Weinans H, Stoop R. Human C-reactive protein aggravates osteoarthritis development in mice on a high-fat diet. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:118-128. [PMID: 30248505 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE C-reactive protein (CRP) levels can be elevated in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. In addition to indicating systemic inflammation, it is suggested that CRP itself can play a role in OA development. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are important risk factors for OA and also induce elevated CRP levels. Here we evaluated in a human CRP (hCRP)-transgenic mouse model whether CRP itself contributes to the development of 'metabolic' OA. DESIGN Metabolic OA was induced by feeding 12-week-old hCRP-transgenic males (hCRP-tg, n = 30) and wild-type littermates (n = 15) a 45 kcal% high-fat diet (HFD) for 38 weeks. Cartilage degradation, osteophytes and synovitis were graded on Safranin O-stained histological knee joint sections. Inflammatory status was assessed by plasma lipid profiling, flow cytometric analyses of blood immune cell populations and immunohistochemical staining of synovial macrophage subsets. RESULTS Male hCRP-tg mice showed aggravated OA severity and increased osteophytosis compared with their wild-type littermates. Both classical and non-classical monocytes showed increased expression of CCR2 and CD86 in hCRP-tg males. HFD-induced effects were evident for nearly all lipids measured and indicated a similar low-grade systemic inflammation for both genotypes. Synovitis scores and synovial macrophage subsets were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Human CRP expression in a background of HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction resulted in the aggravation of OA through increased cartilage degeneration and osteophytosis. Increased recruitment of classical and non-classical monocytes might be a mechanism of action through which CRP is involved in aggravating this process. These findings suggest interventions selectively directed against CRP activity could ameliorate metabolic OA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kozijn
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M T Tartjiono
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - S Ravipati
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - F van der Ham
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - S C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N M Korthagen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A M Zuurmond
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - I Bobeldijk
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R Stoop
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Kozijn AE, Gierman LM, van der Ham F, Mulder P, Morrison MC, Kühnast S, van der Heijden RA, Stavro PM, van Koppen A, Pieterman EJ, van den Hoek AM, Kleemann R, Princen HMG, Mastbergen SC, Lafeber FPJG, Zuurmond AM, Bobeldijk I, Weinans H, Stoop R. Variable cartilage degradation in mice with diet-induced metabolic dysfunction: food for thought. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2018; 26:95-107. [PMID: 29074298 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human cohort studies have demonstrated a role for systemic metabolic dysfunction in osteoarthritis (OA) pathogenesis in obese patients. To explore the mechanisms underlying this metabolic phenotype of OA, we examined cartilage degradation in the knees of mice from different genetic backgrounds in which a metabolic phenotype was established by various dietary approaches. DESIGN Wild-type C57BL/6J mice and genetically modified mice (hCRP, LDLr-/-. Leiden and ApoE*3Leiden.CETP mice) based on C57BL/6J background were used to investigate the contribution of inflammation and altered lipoprotein handling on diet-induced cartilage degradation. High-caloric diets of different macronutrient composition (i.e., high-carbohydrate or high-fat) were given in regimens of varying duration to induce a metabolic phenotype with aggravated cartilage degradation relative to controls. RESULTS Metabolic phenotypes were confirmed in all studies as mice developed obesity, hypercholesteremia, glucose intolerance and/or insulin resistance. Aggravated cartilage degradation was only observed in two out of the twelve experimental setups, specifically in long-term studies in male hCRP and female ApoE*3Leiden.CETP mice. C57BL/6J and LDLr-/-. Leiden mice did not develop HFD-induced OA under the conditions studied. Osteophyte formation and synovitis scores showed variable results between studies, but also between strains and gender. CONCLUSIONS Long-term feeding of high-caloric diets consistently induced a metabolic phenotype in various C57BL/6J (-based) mouse strains. In contrast, the induction of articular cartilage degradation proved variable, which suggests that an additional trigger might be necessary to accelerate diet-induced OA progression. Gender and genetic modifications that result in a humanized pro-inflammatory state (human CRP) or lipoprotein metabolism (human-E3L.CETP) were identified as important contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kozijn
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L M Gierman
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F van der Ham
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Mulder
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C Morrison
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Kühnast
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R A van der Heijden
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P M Stavro
- Bunge North America, Saint Louis, United States
| | - A van Koppen
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - R Kleemann
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S C Mastbergen
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F P J G Lafeber
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A-M Zuurmond
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - I Bobeldijk
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H Weinans
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - R Stoop
- Metabolic Health Research, TNO, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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van Leeuwen MA, Costes LMM, van Berkel LA, Simons-Oosterhuis Y, du Pré MF, Kozijn AE, Raatgeep HC, Lindenbergh-Kortleve DJ, van Rooijen N, Koning F, Samsom JN. Macrophage-mediated gliadin degradation and concomitant IL-27 production drive IL-10- and IFN-γ-secreting Tr1-like-cell differentiation in a murine model for gluten tolerance. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:635-649. [PMID: 27579860 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease is caused by inflammatory T-cell responses against the insoluble dietary protein gliadin. We have shown that, in humanized mice, oral tolerance to deamidated chymotrypsin-digested gliadin (CT-TG2-gliadin) is driven by tolerogenic interferon (IFN)-γ- and interleukin (IL)-10-secreting type 1 regulatory T-like cells (Tr1-like cells) generated in the spleen but not in the mesenteric lymph nodes. We aimed to uncover the mechanisms underlying gliadin-specific Tr1-like-cell differentiation and hypothesized that proteolytic gliadin degradation by splenic macrophages is a decisive step in this process. In vivo depletion of macrophages caused reduced differentiation of splenic IFN-γ- and IL-10-producing Tr1-like cells after CT-TG2-gliadin but not gliadin peptide feed. Splenic macrophages, rather than dendritic cells, constitutively expressed increased mRNA levels of the endopeptidase Cathepsin D; macrophage depletion significantly reduced splenic Cathepsin D expression in vivo and Cathepsin D efficiently degraded recombinant γ-gliadin in vitro. In response to CT-TG2-gliadin uptake, macrophages enhanced the expression of Il27p28, a cytokine that favored differentiation of gliadin-specific Tr1-like cells in vitro, and was previously reported to increase Cathepsin D activity. Conversely, IL-27 neutralization in vivo inhibited splenic IFN-γ- and IL-10-secreting Tr1-like-cell differentiation after CT-TG2-gliadin feed. Our data infer that endopeptidase mediated gliadin degradation by macrophages and concomitant IL-27 production drive differentiation of splenic gliadin-specific Tr1-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L M M Costes
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L A van Berkel
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Simons-Oosterhuis
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M F du Pré
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital -Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - A E Kozijn
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H C Raatgeep
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D J Lindenbergh-Kortleve
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N van Rooijen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Koning
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J N Samsom
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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