Efficacy of common surgical compounds in preventing articular chondrocyte death from desiccation

PURPOSE

Purpose of this study was to identify potential substances that prevent desiccation of chondrocytes.

METHODS

Macroscopically normal bovine cartilage explants (n = 80) were exposed to room air, or covered with surgical lubricant, Lactated ringer (LR) or Seprafilm (Genzyme Biosurgery, Cambridge, MA) for 0, 30, 60 or 120 min. The viability of superficial chondrocytes was measured after 48 h of incubation in tissue culture media at 37 °C by Live/Dead staining. Chondrotoxicity was measured as the extent of cell death below the articular surface. Statistical analysis was performed with a two-way analysis of variance on the data set and a subsequent Tukey's post hoc test.

RESULTS

Chondrocyte death correlated positively with the length of exposure, regardless of the treatment (p < 0.0001). The extent of superficial chondrocyte death was minimally lower in the LR (89.1 ± 2.6 %, 80.8 ± 1.2 %) and surgical lube (84.3 ± 1.8 %, 75.9 ± 2.7 %) groups than the control (82 ± 5.7 %, 65.6 ± 13.3 %) and Seprafilm group (77.6 ± 3.9 %, 63.3 ± 6.9 %) (p < 0.001) at the first two time points, with no significant difference between the latter groups. After 60 and 120 min, surgical lube resulted in less chondrocyte death than all other groups (70.4 ± 6.8 % and 60.9 ± 5.9 %, all p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSION

The data suggest that depending on the expected length of exposure of the articular cartilage surface, different compounds appear to be protective. For exposures exceeding 60 min, surgical lubricant demonstrated the highest protective potential. Results from this study indicate that protecting exposed articular surfaces with surgical lubricant for orthopaedic procedures lasting more than 1 h lead to decreased chondrocyte death and suggest improved cartilage functional outcomes postoperatively.

Patient satisfaction after primary total and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: an age-dependent analysis

BACKGROUND

Patient-related outcomes have become the focus of increased attention when assessing knee arthroplasty.

METHODS

We retrieved questionnaires from 485 (584 knees) patients at a minimum of 3years after undergoing primary knee arthroplasty. We excluded bilateral knee arthroplasty, leaving 141 UKA and 245 TKA who rated their satisfaction and expectation regarding pain, range of motion (ROM), daily living function (DLF), return to recreational activity (RRA) and ability to kneel (ATK) on a scale of 0 (worst) to 10 (best). We further collected data on pain level and the modified Cincinnati rating scale. Range of motion was documented pre- and postoperatively at a minimum of six months. The cohort was subdivided into three age groups and compared with each other (Group 1: <55, n=113; Group 2: 55-64, n=117; Group 3: 65+, n=155).

RESULTS

Average satisfaction with pain, ROM and ATK for patients under 55 was higher for UKA than for TKA. Patients>65 with TKA were on average more satisfied than patients with UKA in these three items. However, patients under 55 with UKA were up to 2.9 times more likely to have their expectations met when compared to patients receiving TKA. Patients with UKA under 55 rated their joint as good/excellent in 96.0% versus patients in the same age group with TKA in 81.0%.

CONCLUSIONS

We found that overall, younger patients who were treated with UKA demonstrated higher satisfaction scores in most subsets when compared with the patients of the same age group who received TKA.

Surgical treatment for early osteoarthritis. Part II: allografts and concurrent procedures

Young patients with early osteoarthritis (OA) represent a challenging population due to a combination of high functional demands and limited treatment options. Conservative measures such as injection and physical therapy can provide short-term pain relief but are only palliative in nature. Joint replacement, a successful procedure in the older population, is controversial in younger patients, who are less satisfied and experience higher failure rates. Therefore, while traditionally not indicated for the treatment of OA, cartilage repair has become a focus of increased interest due to its potential to provide pain relief and alter the progression of degenerative disease, with the hope of delaying or obviating the need for joint replacement. The field of cartilage repair is seeing the rapid development of new technologies that promise greater ease of application, less demanding rehabilitation and better outcomes. Concurrent procedures such as meniscal transplantation and osteotomy, however, remain of crucial importance to provide a normalized biomechanical environment for these new technologies.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Systematic review, Level II.

Surgical treatment for early osteoarthritis. Part I: cartilage repair procedures

Young patients with early osteoarthritis (OA) represent a challenging population due to a combination of high functional demands and limited treatment options. Conservative measures such as injection and physical therapy can provide short-term pain relief but are only palliative in nature. Joint replacement, a successful procedure in the older population, is controversial in younger patients, who are less satisfied and experience higher failure rates. Therefore, while traditionally not indicated for the treatment of OA, cartilage repair has become a focus of increased interest due to its potential to provide pain relief and alter the progression of degenerative disease, with the hope of delaying or obviating the need for joint replacement. This review of cartilage repair techniques will discuss currently available procedures, specifically pertaining to experiences in the setting of early OA. Level of evidence IV.