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Van Deusen K, Prince MA, Thurman AJ, Esbensen AJ, Patel LR, Abbeduto L, Walsh MM, Daunhauer LA, Feigles RT, Fidler DJ. Evaluating an adapted reverse categorisation task to assess cognitive flexibility in young children with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2023. [PMID: 37221155 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of cognitive skills is necessary to advance both developmental and intervention science for individuals with Down syndrome (DS). This study evaluated the feasibility, developmental sensitivity and preliminary reliability of a reverse categorisation measure designed to assess cognitive flexibility in young children with DS. METHODS Seventy-two children with DS ages 2.5-8 years completed an adapted version of a reverse categorisation task. Twenty-eight of the participants were assessed again 2 weeks later for retest reliability. RESULTS This adapted measure demonstrated adequate feasibility and developmental sensitivity, and preliminary evidence for test-retest reliability when administered to children with DS in this age range. CONCLUSIONS This adapted reverse categorisation measure may be useful for future developmental and treatment studies that target early foundations of cognitive flexibility in young children with DS. Additional recommendations for use of this measure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Van Deusen
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M A Prince
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A J Thurman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A J Esbensen
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - L R Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - L Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - M M Walsh
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - L A Daunhauer
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R T Feigles
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - D J Fidler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Fidler DJ, Prince MA, Van Deusen K, Esbensen AJ, Thurman AJ, Abbeduto L, Patel L, Mervis C, Schworer EK, Lee NR, Edgin JO, Hepburn S, Davis S, Daunhauer LA. Latent profiles of autism symptoms in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2022; 66:265-281. [PMID: 34984734 PMCID: PMC9009451 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is associated with elevated rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism symptomatology. To better characterise heterogeneity in ASD symptomatology in DS, profiles of caregiver-reported ASD symptoms were modelled for children and adolescents with DS. METHODS Participants (n = 125) were recruited through several multi-site research studies on cognition and language in DS. Using the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2; Constantino and Gruber 2012), two latent profile analyses (LPA) were performed, one on the broad composite scores of social communication and interaction and restricted interests and repetitive behaviour, and a second on the four social dimensions of social communication, social motivation, social awareness, and social cognition. RESULTS A three-profile model was the best fit for both analyses, with each analysis yielding a low ASD symptom profile, an elevated or mixed ASD symptom profile and a high ASD symptom profile. Associations were observed between profile probability scores and IQ, the number of co-occurring biomedical conditions reported, sex, and SRS-2 form. CONCLUSIONS Characterising heterogeneity in ASD symptom profiles can inform more personalised supports in this population, and implications for potential therapeutic approaches for individuals with DS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Fidler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - M A Prince
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - K Van Deusen
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A J Esbensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Campus, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A J Thurman
- Department of Psychiatry, MIND Institute, University of California - Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L Abbeduto
- Department of Psychiatry, MIND Institute, University of California - Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L Patel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - C Mervis
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - E K Schworer
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Campus, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N R Lee
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J O Edgin
- Sonoran University Center for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Hepburn
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S Davis
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - L A Daunhauer
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Oakes A, Thurman AJ, McDuffie A, Bullard LM, Hagerman RJ, Abbeduto L. Characterising repetitive behaviours in young boys with fragile X syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2016; 60:54-67. [PMID: 26449367 PMCID: PMC4715632 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive behaviours are frequently observed in individuals with intellectual disability (ID). The present study examined the profile, inter-correlations and predictive correlates of repetitive behaviours in boys with fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading inherited cause of ID. Specific child characteristics examined as predictors included anxiety, nonverbal cognition and autism social-affective symptomatology. METHOD Participants were 39 boys with FXS (aged 6-10 years). Repetitive behaviours were measured using the Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS-R) - a 43-item caregiver-report measure normed on individuals with ID. RESULTS Restricted Interests and Sensory Motor behaviours were reported as most problematic for this sample of boys, whereas Self-injurious behaviours were less problematic. All subscales of the RBS-R were significantly inter-correlated. Nonverbal IQ was negatively related, whereas anxiety and social affective symptoms of autism spectrum disorder were positively related, to scores for Restricted Interests. Anxiety was also positively related to scores for Compulsive behaviours and Ritualistic Sameness behaviours. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a preliminary description of repetitive behaviours in boys with FXS, which may form the groundwork for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oakes
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A J Thurman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A McDuffie
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L M Bullard
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - R J Hagerman
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - L Abbeduto
- MIND Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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