Hatching rates of resting eggs of 'Cladocera' (Crustacea; Branchiopoda) at a tropical bay, Brazil

The aim of this study was to determine the development time of embryos and to estimate the hatching rates of resting eggs of cladocerans found in the sediment of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, under experimental conditions. Eggs were sorted by species (Penilia avirostris--Sididae; Pleopis polyphemoides and Pseudevadne tergestina--Podonidae) and incubated at a temperature of 25 degrees C, salinity 35 and photoperiod 12 hours light/ 12 hours dark. Hatching rates were about 38% for Pseudevadne tergestina and 28% for Pleopis polyphemoides. Embryos of resting eggs of Penilia avirostris developed comparatively slowly (hatching after 86 days of incubation), with a hatching rate of only 5%. It was observed that development and hatching of resting eggs of marine cladocerans suggest that pulses of recruitment may exist, thus contributing to the rapid appearance and maintenance of planktonic populations of these crustaceans in Guanabara Bay.

Embryonic development time of Penilia avirostris Dana, 1852 in a tropical bay in Brazil

Development time of embryos in the brood pouch of the cladoceran Penilia avirostris Dana, 1852, was estimated by collecting zooplankton daily for 15 days in surface water of Guanabara Bay, Brazil. Each day the maturity stage of embryos of 90 parthenogenic females was noted. Total development time (egg to birth) varied from 2 to 3 days, the immature phase (stages I to IV) being generally longer (2 days) than intermediate and mature phases (1 day, stages V to XII). Similar results were obtained from Bottrell's equation, which takes water temperature into account.

Reproductive aspects of marine cladocerans Penilia avirostris and Pseudevadne tergestina (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in the outer part of Guanabara Bay, Brazil

The objective of this study was to report on some aspects of marine cladoceran reproduction in Guanabara Bay. Samples were collected during 1985 using a conical net with 200 mm mesh. Two species were identified: Penilia avirostris and Pseudevadne tergestina. Both species disappeared from the plankton in winter. Two months before this phenomenon, parthenogenetic females displayed reduction in brood size, while gamogenetic individuals appeared among the populations. This sequence of events is generally typical of marine cladoceran populations in temperate waters.