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Maiese A, Bolino G, Mastracchio A, Frati P, Fineschi V. An immunohistochemical study of the diagnostic value of TREM-1 as marker for fatal sepsis cases. Biotech Histochem 2018; 94:159-166. [PMID: 30388897 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2018.1535138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is produced and up-regulated by exposure of myeloid cells to lipopolysaccharides or other components of either bacterial or fungal origin, which causes it to be strongly expressed on phagocytes that accumulate in inflamed areas. Because TREM-1 participates in septic shock and in amplifying the inflammatory response to bacterial and fungal infections, we believe it could be an immunohistochemical marker for postmortem diagnosis of sepsis. We tested the anti-TREM-1 antibody in 28 cases of death by septic shock and divided them into two groups. The diagnosis was made according to the criteria of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. In all cases, blood cultures were positive. The first group was comprised subjects that presented high ante-mortem serum procalcitonin and the soluble form of TREM-1 (s-TREM-1) values. The second group comprised subjects in which s-TREM-1 was not measured ante-mortem. We used samples of brain, heart, lung, liver and kidney for each case to test the anti-TREM-1 antibody. A semiquantitative evaluation of the immunohistochemical findings was made. In lung samples, we found immunostaining in the cells of the monocyte line in 24 of 28 cases, which suggests that TREM-1 is produced principally by cells of the monocyte line. In liver tissue, we found low TREM-staining in the hepatocyte cytoplasm, duct epithelium, the portal-biliary space and blood vessel. In kidney tissue samples, we found the TREM-1 antibody immunostaining in glomeruli and renal tubules. We also found TREM-1 staining in the lumen of blood vessels. Immunohistochemical staining using the anti-TREM-1 antibody can be useful for postmortem diagnosis of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maiese
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli , Italy
| | - G Bolino
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - A Mastracchio
- c Medical UOC Pathology Local Health Agency Rome/6 , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Rome , Italy
| | - P Frati
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli , Italy
| | - V Fineschi
- a Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy.,b IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli , Italy
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Patel SB, Varnerin JP, Tota MR, Edmondson SD, Parmee ER, Chung C, Singh SB, Mastracchio A, Becker JW, Scapin G. Crystallization and X-ray analysis of the catalytic domain of human PDE 3B. Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305089646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Picarelli A, Sabbatella L, Di Tola M, Vetrano S, Maffia C, Picchi C, Mastracchio A, Paoluzi P, Anania MC. Forty-eight hours of biopsy culture improve the sensitivity of the in vitro gliadin challenge in the diagnosis of celiac disease. Clin Chem 2001; 47:1841-3. [PMID: 11568096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Picarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University La Sapienza, 155-00161 Rome, Italy.
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Picarelli A, Di Tola M, Sabbatella L, Gabrielli F, Di Cello T, Anania MC, Mastracchio A, Silano M, De Vincenzi M. Immunologic evidence of no harmful effect of oats in celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74:137-40. [PMID: 11451729 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.1.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was recently shown that antiendomysial antibodies (EMAs), which are highly sensitive and specific for celiac disease, are produced by intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, EMAs were detected previously in supernatant fluid from cultured duodenal mucosa specimens collected from untreated celiac disease patients and in culture media of biopsy specimens collected from treated celiac disease patients after an in vitro challenge with gliadin. Moreover, it was recently shown in vivo that oats are not toxic to celiac disease patients, suggesting the safety of oats in a gluten free-diet. OBJECTIVE The objective was to better define the controversial role of oats in celiac disease to determine whether oats can be safely included in a gluten-free diet. DESIGN We used an in vitro model to test whether oats induce EMA production in supernatant fluid from cultured duodenal mucosa specimens collected from 13 treated celiac disease patients. The biopsy specimens were cultured with and without peptic-tryptic digest (PT) of gliadin and avenin (from oats) and in medium alone. Samples from 5 of the 13 patients were cultured with the C fraction of PT-avenin. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect EMAs. RESULTS EMAs were detected in specimens from all 13 patients after the challenge with gliadin but not after culture in medium alone. By contrast, no EMAs were detected in any of the specimens cultured with PT-avenin and its C fraction. CONCLUSIONS Because the in vitro challenge with PT-avenin and its C fraction did not induce EMA production in treated celiac disease patients, it appears that oats have no harmful effect on celiac disease. Therefore, oats can be safely included in a gluten-free diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy.
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Picarelli A, di Tola M, Sabbatella L, Mastracchio A, Trecca A, Gabrielli F, di Cello T, Anania MC, Torsoli A. Identification of a new coeliac disease subgroup: antiendomysial and anti-transglutaminase antibodies of IgG class in the absence of selective IgA deficiency. J Intern Med 2001; 249:181-8. [PMID: 11240848 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to increase the sensitivity of the antiendomysial antibody (EMA) test by evaluating also EMAs of IgG1 isotype. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS Over the last 2 years, serum EMAs IgA and IgG1 were determined in 1399 patients, referred to our gastrointestinal unit due to clinical suspicion of malabsorption. Serum anti-tissue transglutaminase (tTG) antibodies IgA and IgG, as well as total IgA levels, were also investigated. Furthermore, EMAs IgA and IgG1 were evaluated in biopsy culture supernatants. Biopsy specimens were also admitted to histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Twenty-six patients with gastroenterological disease other than coeliac disease (CD) were used as a disease control group. Ninety-nine blood donors were used as a healthy control group. RESULTS Diagnosis of CD was based on histological findings in the 110/1399 patients showing EMA IgA positivity, and in a further 56/1399 patients presenting both EMA IgA and IgG1 positivity in sera as well as in culture supernatants. Of the remaining 1233 EMA IgA-negative patients, 60 showed only EMA IgG1 positivity both in sera and in culture supernatants. It is noteworthy that anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies IgG (anti-tTG) were positive in all 60 EMA IgG1-positive patients as well. By contrast, a selective IgA deficiency was found in only 11 out of the 60 EMA IgG1-positive patients. Villous height/crypt depth ratio was < 3:1 in 38 of the 60 EMA IgG1-positive patients (63.3%), whilst overexpression of ICAM-1 and CD25 was observed in all these patients. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed a group of CD patients who were EMA IgG1-positive even in the absence of EMA IgA positivity and IgA deficiency. The diagnosis was based on the finding of the gluten-dependent clinical and histological features typical of CD. Data emerging from the present investigation thus suggest that the prevalence of CD should be reassessed and that the determination of EMA IgG1 could offer a new tool in the diagnostic armamentarium of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
Antiendomysial antibodies (EMA) are today considered the most sensitive and specific serological marker of celiac disease (CD). The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of EMA of IgG isotype in EMA IgA negative children with clinical suspicion of malabsorption and their relationship with CD. Serum EMA IgG1 determination was performed on 30 EMA IgA negative children with clinical suspicion of CD. Total serum IgA levels were further investigated. Sixty children with gastroenterological diseases other than CD were used as control disease patients and 63 healthy children were evaluated as the control group. Eighteen out of 30 children in the study showed EMA IgG1 positivity in sera and a villous height/crypt depth ratio <3:1 as index of intestinal atrophy. It is noticeable that a selective IgA deficiency was present in only 9 of 18 EMA IgG1 positive children. In addition, clinical symptoms, EMA IgG1, and mucosal atrophy disappeared after 8-10 mo on a gluten-free diet. Neither EMA IgA nor EMA IgG1 were detected in the children in the control groups. The other 12 children in study group showed no histologic abnormalities and were EMA IgG1 negative. In this study, we reveal a group of EMA IgG1 CD children without IgA deficiency. The diagnosis was based on the presence of gluten-dependent typical serological and histologic features of CD. Our data suggest that EMA IgG1 determination could be a new tool in the diagnostic workup of CD, useful in avoiding possible misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picarelli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
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Catarci M, Guadagni S, Zaraca F, Pistoia MA, Mastracchio A, Trecca A, Ruco L, Carboni M. Prospective randomized evaluation of preoperative endoscopic vital staining using CH-40 for lymph node dissection in gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 1998; 5:580-4. [PMID: 9831104 DOI: 10.1007/bf02303825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CH-40 is a suspension of activated carbon particles that was developed in Japan to carry anticancer drugs to regional nodes and peritoneal seedings of gastric cancer. METHODS Forty-five consecutive patients who had surgical resection and D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer over a 2-year period were randomly assigned to preoperative endoscopic submucosal injection of CH-40 (group A) or no staining (group B). A total of 21 patients in group A and 24 in group B were available for analysis. RESULTS The number of resected nodes per patient was significantly higher (t = 6.06; 40 df; P < .0001) in group A (mean+/-S.E. = 35.3+/-1.24) than in group B (mean+/-S.E. = 25.5+/-1.02). The rate of metastatic nodes resected was significantly higher (chi2 = 6.903 ; 1 df; P = .009) in stained (22.5%) than in non-stained (14.7%) nodes of group A and also (chi2 = 6.906; 1 df; P = .009) in stained nodes of group A than in group B (15.8%). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative endoscopic vital staining with CH-40 proved to be rapid, safe, and effective in all cases in this series. Its use allowed surgeons to resect a higher number of lymph nodes. and to identify and examine more metastatic nodes. It also permitted identification of nodal micrometastases on routine histopathologic examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catarci
- Division of General Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy
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Giovagnorio F, Picarelli A, Di Giovambattista F, Mastracchio A. Evaluation with Doppler sonography of mesenteric blood flow in celiac disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171:629-32. [PMID: 9725286 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.171.3.9725286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate with Doppler sonography the variations of resistance in the superior mesenteric artery, both at fasting and in the postprandial state, in patients with celiac disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Twenty-five patients with celiac disease (20 women, five men; mean age, 30 +/- 7 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (seven women, three men; mean age, 28 +/- 6 years) were examined with Doppler sonography. Nineteen patients were untreated (no dietary restrictions) and six patients were treated with a gluten-free diet at the time of the examination. Imaging was performed at both fasting and 15 min after an 1890-kJ meal. We introduced a parameter called "resistive difference," defined as the mathematic difference between the resistive index measured at fasting (highest value) and that measured at 15 min after the meal (lowest value) as a way to express the postprandial resistive change in the superior mesenteric artery. RESULTS Untreated patients with flat mucosa showed a resistive difference of 0.03 +/- 0.05, followed by untreated patients with mucosal subatrophy (0.05 +/- 0.04), treated patients (0.09 +/- 0.02), and healthy volunteers (0.12 +/- 0.04). A statistically significant difference was noticed between the resistive difference of healthy volunteers and both those of the untreated patients with subatrophy (p = .016) and of the patients with complete atrophy (p = .011), as well as between the resistive difference of the treated patients and both those of the untreated patients with subatrophy (p = .021) and of the patients with complete atrophy (p = .020). CONCLUSION We believe that Doppler measurement of resistive difference in the superior mesenteric artery can be an effective way to express severity of celiac disease and to document its regression after diet therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giovagnorio
- I Cattedra di Radiologia, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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D'Ovidio MC, Mastracchio A, Marzullo A, Ciabatta M, Pini B, Uccini S, Zardi L, Ruco LP. Intratumoral microvessel density and expression of ED-A/ED-B sequences of fibronectin in breast carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 1998; 34:1081-5. [PMID: 9849458 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(98)00041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between intratumoral microvessel density (iMVD) and the presence of cellular fibronectin isoforms, ED-A and ED-B, in order to identify those tumours with a prominent angiogenic phenotype. 91 cases of invasive ductal breast carcinoma were evaluated for TNM, histological grading, percentage of Ki-67+ cells and receptor hormonal status. iMVD was determined as a single microvessel count in a 200 x microscope field from the region of the tumour that appeared to be most densely vascular. When the mean values of iMVD of the various groups were compared, no significant difference was noted (Mann-Whitney test). When tumours were classified as high or low iMVD, based on a cut-off value (99 vessels/0.74 mm2), cases with high iMVD were significantly more numerous in poorly differentiated G3 tumours (P = 0.01, Chi-square test), and in tumours with lymph node metastasis (N0 versus N1 + N2; P = 0.002). The possibility that high iMVD was the expression of prominent vascular neoformation was explored using ED-A and ED-B isoforms of fibronectin as markers of neoformed vessels. ED-A + and/or ED-B + blood vessels were < 10% of total vessels, were detected in approximately 50% of cases independently of iMVD values, and were not more numerous in tumour areas with hot spot vascularisation. Our findings indicate that iMVD and expression of ED-A/ED-B reflect different aspects of tumour-associated angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C D'Ovidio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Patologia, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Stoppacciaro A, Melani C, Parenza M, Mastracchio A, Bassi C, Baroni C, Parmiani G, Colombo MP. Regression of an established tumor genetically modified to release granulocyte colony-stimulating factor requires granulocyte-T cell cooperation and T cell-produced interferon gamma. J Exp Med 1993; 178:151-61. [PMID: 7686211 PMCID: PMC2191097 DOI: 10.1084/jem.178.1.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the murine colon adenocarcinoma C-26 cell line, engineered to release granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (C-26/G-CSF), were studied the mechanisms responsible for inhibition of tumor take in syngeneic animals and of regression of an established tumor in sublethally irradiated mice injected with these cells. Immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization, performed to characterize tumor-infiltrating leukocytes and their cytokine expression, respectively, indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were the major cells responsible for inhibition of tumor take and that they expressed mRNA for interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Expression of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and of IL-4 was undetectable, consistent with the absence of T lymphocytes at the site of tumor injection. In mice injected with C-26/G-CSF cells after 600-rad irradiation, the tumors grew to approximately 1.5 cm in 30 d, regressing completely thereafter in 70-80% of mice. During the growing phase, tumors were infiltrated first by PMN (between days 15 and 20), then by macrophages, and last by T lymphocytes. Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were present but only CD8 depletion significantly abrogated tumor regression. Depletion of PMN by the RB6-8C5 antigranulocytes monoclonal antibody reduced the number of T cells infiltrating the tumor and prevented tumor regression. In situ hybridization performed at the beginning of tumor regression revealed the presence of mRNA for IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and TNF-alpha, but also the presence of cells, with lymphoid morphology, expressing IFN-gamma. Tumors from mice treated with recombinant IFN-gamma (between days 20 and 35) were rejected faster, whereas mice treated with antibodies to IFN-gamma (from day 20) died of progressive tumor. Cyclosporin A treatment (started at day 20) also abrogated tumor regression. These results indicate that inhibition of tumor take and regression in this model occurs through different mechanisms that involve PMN and PMN-T cell interactions, respectively, as well as a combination of cytokines that, for tumor regression, require IFN-gamma. Thus, gene transfer of a single cytokine gene such as G-CSF into tumor cells appears to be sufficient to trigger the cascade of cell interactions and cytokine production necessary to destroy a cancer nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stoppacciaro
- Department of Human Biopathology, University of Roma, Italy
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