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Islam MZ, Riaz BK, Islam ANMS, Khanam F, Akhter J, Choudhury R, Farhana N, Jahan NA, Uddin MJ, Efa SS. Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 2020. [PMID: 33115547 DOI: 10.1101/10.1101/2020.08.17.20176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse risk factors intercede the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted this retrospective cohort study with a cohort of 1016 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in May 2020 to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes. Data were collected by telephone-interview and reviewing records using a questionnaire and checklist. The study identified morbidity and mortality risk factors on the 28th day of the disease course. The majority of the patients were male (64.1%) and belonged to the age group 25-39 years (39.4%). Urban patients were higher in proportion than rural (69.3% vs. 30.7%). Major comorbidities included 35.0% diabetes mellitus (DM), 28.4% hypertension (HTN), 16.6% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 7.8% coronary heart disease (CHD). The morbidity rate (not-cured) was 6.0%, and the mortality rate (non-survivor) was 2.5%. Morbidity risk factors included elderly (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.31-4.99), having comorbidity (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.83-2.47), and smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.84-5.61). The morbidity risk was higher with COPD (RR = 2.68), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (RR = 3.33) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (RR = 3.99). Mortality risk factors included elderly (AOR = 7.56, 95% CI = 3.19-17.92), having comorbidity (AOR = 5.27, 95% CI = 1.88-14.79) and SLT use (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.50-7.46). The mortality risk was higher with COPD (RR = 7.30), DM (RR = 2.63), CHD (RR = 4.65), HTN (RR = 3.38), CKD (RR = 9.03), CLD (RR = 10.52) and malignant diseases (RR = 9.73). We must espouse programme interventions considering the morbidity and mortality risk factors to condense the aggressive outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Islam
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - B K Riaz
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - A N M S Islam
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - F Khanam
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - J Akhter
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - R Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - N Farhana
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - N A Jahan
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - M J Uddin
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - S S Efa
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
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Islam MZ, Riaz BK, Islam ANMS, Khanam F, Akhter J, Choudhury R, Farhana N, Jahan NA, Uddin MJ, Efa SS. Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 patients on the 28th day of the disease course: a retrospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e263. [PMID: 33115547 PMCID: PMC7653486 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse risk factors intercede the outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted this retrospective cohort study with a cohort of 1016 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in May 2020 to identify the risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes. Data were collected by telephone-interview and reviewing records using a questionnaire and checklist. The study identified morbidity and mortality risk factors on the 28th day of the disease course. The majority of the patients were male (64.1%) and belonged to the age group 25-39 years (39.4%). Urban patients were higher in proportion than rural (69.3% vs. 30.7%). Major comorbidities included 35.0% diabetes mellitus (DM), 28.4% hypertension (HTN), 16.6% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and 7.8% coronary heart disease (CHD). The morbidity rate (not-cured) was 6.0%, and the mortality rate (non-survivor) was 2.5%. Morbidity risk factors included elderly (AOR = 2.56, 95% CI = 1.31-4.99), having comorbidity (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.83-2.47), and smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 0.84-5.61). The morbidity risk was higher with COPD (RR = 2.68), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (RR = 3.33) and chronic liver disease (CLD) (RR = 3.99). Mortality risk factors included elderly (AOR = 7.56, 95% CI = 3.19-17.92), having comorbidity (AOR = 5.27, 95% CI = 1.88-14.79) and SLT use (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.50-7.46). The mortality risk was higher with COPD (RR = 7.30), DM (RR = 2.63), CHD (RR = 4.65), HTN (RR = 3.38), CKD (RR = 9.03), CLD (RR = 10.52) and malignant diseases (RR = 9.73). We must espouse programme interventions considering the morbidity and mortality risk factors to condense the aggressive outcomes of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Z. Islam
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - B. K. Riaz
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - A. N. M. S. Islam
- Department of Public Health and Hospital Administration, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - F. Khanam
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - J. Akhter
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - R. Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - N. Farhana
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - N. A. Jahan
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - M. J. Uddin
- Department of Microbiology and Mycology, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
| | - S. S. Efa
- Department of Community Medicine, National Institute of Preventive and Social Medicine (NIPSOM), Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh
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