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Abstract
Background Tendinopathy is highly prevalent in the general public and common in athletes. It makes up nearly 50% of all sport injuries. A number of treatment techniques with varying evidence of effectiveness are currently available. Intratissue percutaneous electrolysis (EPI) is one such modality, however little consensus exists for EPI's efficacy or the most effective treatment parameters. Objective To review and appraise available evidence for Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis (EPI) in the treatment of tendinopathy, examining the effectiveness of EPI in conjunction with other modalities and identifying the strengths and limitations of the evidence base for EPI in order to make evidence-based recommendation for future studies of EPI. Methods PubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched with keywords related to EPI and tendinopathy. Grey literature searches were conducted with Embase, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. Extensive citation searching was undertaken. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), uncontrolled and observational studies of the application of EPI in patients aged 18-65 years with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or clinical Ultrasonography (US) confirmed diagnosis of tendinopathy were eligible. Results Eleven studies met inclusion criteria: six randomised control trials (RCTs) and five uncontrolled studies. Clinical trials of EPI as an adjunct modality with physical therapy reporting greater decreased pain and return to function than treatment with physical therapy alone. The evidence for EPI is limited and influenced by small sample sizes, varying treatment protocols, clinical heterogeneity and high risk of bias. Conclusion It is currently not possible to conclude that EPI is an effective modality for the treatment of tendinopathy. RCTs with clearly described EPI treatment protocols, larger sample sizes and intervention reporting sufficient to support reproducibility are needed to determine the effectiveness of EPI for the treatment of tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Augustyn
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115,
USA
| | - A Paez
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115,
USA,Nuffield Department for Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, Woodstock Rd, Oxford OX2 6GG,
UK
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2
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Manukyan A, Avetisyan L, Sahakyan G, Paez A, Paronyan L, Vanyan A. Epidemiology of human alveolar echinococcosis in Armenia. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab165.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Since the 90s' E.multilocularis infection in foxes is rising and central-eastern European countries had seen first Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) human cases. AE is considered to be a very rare disease in Europe with average incidences of 0.03-0.20/100,000 inhabitants/year. Because of a suitable orography, this study aims to confirm whether there are human AE cases in Armenia, identify areas at risk, and also estimate AE annual incidence.
Methods
Retrospective AE case finding was carried out at main 6 multi-profile medical centers equipped with the most innovative diagnostic means. The medical records of all patients with liver surgery admitted between January 2008 and June 2020 were reviewed. A specific form was developed in EpiInfo v. 7.2. Annual national incidence was estimated using population denominators provided by the National Institute of Statistics (the population of Armenia is estimated at 2 963 243 people).
Results
From September 2019 until June 2020, overall 11 AE cases have been identified. All patients were diagnosed at advanced stages, with subsequent poor prognosis and costly treatment. Confirmation was based on tissue biopsy results. Age ranged from 19-59 years with a median of 39yrs. E. multilocularis was detected in rural communities, mostly in the Gegharkunik region (6 cases, 55%). Annual average incidence of AE was 0.033 varying between 0.032 in 2008 and 0.1 in 2017. For comparison with Armenia, an annual incidence in France was 0.026/100,000 in 2008 (the population of France is estimated at 65 273 511 people).
Conclusions
All cases were not notified by the surveillance system and the real prevalence of AE in the country is unknown. This young age could indicate widespread of infection in animals. Therefore, the burden of AE disease is difficult to estimate. The surveillance system in Armenia can be improved by the development of national guidelines for the prospective registry, AE awareness campaigns.
Key messages
First-time identification of human AE in Armenia calls for implementation of surveillance with a case definition and registry of all cases. AE is an emerging, and so far silent threat in Armenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manukyan
- Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Department, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - L Avetisyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G Sahakyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A Paez
- MediPIET Fellowship Programme, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Paronyan
- Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases Epidemiology Department, National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - A Vanyan
- National Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yerevan, Armenia
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3
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Bonilla-Bird NJ, Paez A, Reyes A, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Li C, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Two-Photon Microscopy and Spectroscopy Studies to Determine the Mechanism of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Uptake by Sweetpotato Roots during Postharvest Treatment. Environ Sci Technol 2018; 52:9954-9963. [PMID: 30063828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of engineered nanoparticles with plant tissues is still not well understood. There is a lack of information about the effects of curing (postharvest treatment) and lignin content on copper uptake by sweetpotato roots exposed to copper-based nanopesticides. In this study, Beauregard-14 (lower lignin) and Covington (higher lignin) varieties were exposed to CuO nanoparticles (nCuO), bulk CuO (bCuO), and CuCl2 at 0, 25, 75, and 125 mg/L. Cured and uncured roots were submerged into copper suspensions/solutions for 30 min. Subsequently, root segments were sliced for imaging with a 2-photon microscope, while other root portions were severed into periderm, cortex, perimedulla, and medulla. They were individually digested and analyzed for Cu content by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy. Microscopy images showed higher fluorescence in periderm and cortex of roots exposed to nCuO, compared with bCuO. At 25 mg/L, only bCuO showed higher Cu concentration in the periderm and cortex of Beauregard-14 (2049 mg/kg and 76 mg/kg before curing; 6769 mg/kg and 354 mg/kg after curing, respectively) and in cortex of Covington (692 mg/kg before curing and 110 mg/kg after curing) compared with controls ( p ≤ 0.05). In medulla, the most internal tissue, only Beauregard-14 exposed to 125 mg bCuO/L showed significantly ( p ≤ 0.05) more Cu before curing (17 mg/kg) and after curing (28 mg/kg), compared with control. This research has shown that the 2-photon microscope can be used to determine CuO particles in nondyed plant tissues. The lack of Cu increase in perimedulla and medulla, even in roots exposed to high CuO concentrations (125 mg/L), suggests that nCuO may represent a good alternative to protect and increase the shelf life of sweetpotato roots, without exposing consumers to excess Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Bonilla-Bird
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program , The University of Texas at El Paso ; 500 West University Avenue El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - A Paez
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - A Reyes
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - J A Hernandez-Viezcas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at El Paso ; 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - C Li
- Department of Physics , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - J R Peralta-Videa
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program , The University of Texas at El Paso ; 500 West University Avenue El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at El Paso ; 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
| | - J L Gardea-Torresdey
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program , The University of Texas at El Paso ; 500 West University Avenue El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The University of Texas at El Paso ; 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
- UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN) , The University of Texas at El Paso , 500 West University Avenue , El Paso , Texas 79968 , United States
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4
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Vrkljan B, He L, Gish J, Paez A, Grenier A, Sangrar R. IMPACT OF ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES ON PERCEPTIONS OF DRIVING COMFORT AMONG OLDER DRIVERS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Vrkljan
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
| | - L. He
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - J. Gish
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
| | - A. Paez
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
| | | | - R. Sangrar
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada,
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Correles de Acquatella G, Garcia Guevara R, Montilva R, Urdaneta de Ramos B, Rojas N, Paez A, Falcon D, Carrasquel O, Rivero M, Pachano S, Cardenas L, Mejias M, Sarache C, Montero E, Torres MA, Marval M, Mendoza C, Barrios N. BEACOPP Protocol in 60 Children with Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL): Multicenter Experience in Venezuela. Klin Padiatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1371142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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6
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Rendón-Huerta EP, Torres-Martínez A, Charles-Niño C, Rivas-Estilla AM, Paez A, Fortoul TI, Montaño LF. Pegylated interferon-α2b and ribavirin decrease claudin-1 and E-cadherin expression in HepG2 and Huh-7.5 cells. Ann Hepatol 2013; 12:616-25. [PMID: 23813140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection usually results in long-term viremia. Entry of HCV into the hepatocyte requires claudin-1, -6, -9 and occludin. The efficacy of Pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) treatment against HCV infection increased when ribavirin (RBV) was added to the therapeutic scheme. Our aim was to investigate if PEG-IFN plus RBV regulate claudin expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS HepG2, Huh-7 and Huh-7.5 cells were treated with PEG-IFN-α2a or α2b and/or RBV at different times before obtaining the cytosolic, membrane and cytoskeletal fractions. Claudin-1, 3, 4, 6, and 9, E-cadherin and occludin expression was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was also determined. RESULTS Claudin-1, 3, 4, 6, E-cadherin and occludin are constitutively expressed mainly in HepG2 cell membrane. Claudin-1 and E-cadherin cell membrane expression diminished after exposure to PEGIFNα2b (50 ng) + RBV(50 μg); the maximal decrease was observed with 200 ng of PEG-IFNα2b + 200 μg of RBV. The effect was less intense with PEG-IFNα2a. The inhibition of claudin-1 and E-cadherin expression in Huh-7 and Huh-7.5 cells was only observed with 200 ng of PEG-IFNα2b + 200 μg of RBV. TER diminished marginally in the HCV containing hepatoma cells with 200 ng of PEG-IFNα2b + 200 μg of RBV. Claudin-1 mRNA expression level was not affected by the combined treatment. CONCLUSION The increased therapeutic efficacy of the PEG-IFNα2b plus RBV treatment could be secondary to the inhibition of claudin-1 and E-cadherin cell membrane expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika P Rendón-Huerta
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, México, D.F. 04510, México.
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7
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Abstract
Influenza infection most commonly affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but can involve extrapulmonary sites, including the myocardium. We report on a case of myocarditis caused by documented 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in a previously healthy adult, and review the literature on influenza myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haessler
- Infectious Diseases Division, Tufts University School of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA.
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8
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Lissitchkov T, Matysiak M, Zawilska K, Gercheva L, Antonov A, Montañes M, Paez A. An open clinical study assessing the efficacy and safety of Factor IX Grifols®, a high-purity Factor IX concentrate, in patients with severe haemophilia B. Haemophilia 2009; 16:240-6. [PMID: 20015218 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2009.02090.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Rodriguez E, Guevara J, Paez A, Zapata E, Collados MT, Fortoul TI, Lopez-Marure R, Masso F, Montaño LF. The altered expression of inflammation-related molecules and secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by HUVEC from newborns with maternal inactive systemic lupus erythematosus is modified by estrogens. Lupus 2009; 17:1086-95. [PMID: 19029276 DOI: 10.1177/0961203308093827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) predominantly affects women, especially those in reproductive age. Genetic contributions to disease susceptibility as well as immune dysregulation, particularly persistent inflammatory responses, are considered essential features. Our aim was to determine whether human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) isolated from healthy newborns to women with inactive SLE show inflammation-related abnormalities that might lead to an early development of SLE in the offsprings. HUVEC isolated from six women with inactive SLE were stimulated with 2.5 ng/mL of TNF-alpha and/or physiological and pharmacological doses of 17-I(2) estradiol (E2). Then the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, toll-like receptor-9 (TLR-9), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90 were measured. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were also determined in maternal serum and in TNF-alpha stimulated and non-stimulated HUVEC culture supernatant. HUVEC from children with no family history of autoimmune disease served as controls. Our results showed that in HUVEC from SLE+ mothers, a constitutively low expression of adhesion molecules was enhanced by TNF-alpha treatment. The E2 (1 ng/mL) increased the expression of adhesion molecules but had no effect upon TNF-alpha-treated cells. IL-6 was constitutively higher in SLE+ HUVEC, whereas IL-8 was lower; E2 treatment diminished the latter. The E2 had no effect upon IL-6 and IL-8 secretions in TNF-alpha-treated cells. SLE+ HUVEC showed a disordered cytoskeleton and overexpressed HSP70, HSP90, and TLR-9. Our results indicate that endothelial cells of newborns to SLE+ mothers are in a proinflammatory condition which can be upregulated by estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rodriguez
- Depto. Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico.
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10
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Mercado R, Paez A, Scott DM, Newbold KB, Kanaroglou P. Transport Policy in Aging Societies: An International Comparison and Implications for Canada. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/1874447800701010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Paez A, Méndez-Cruz AR, Varela E, Rodriguez E, Guevara J, Flores-Romo L, Montaño LF, Massó FA. HUVECs from newborns with a strong family history of myocardial infarction overexpress adhesion molecules and react abnormally to stimulating agents. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 141:449-58. [PMID: 16045734 PMCID: PMC1809470 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02858.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease involved in major fatal events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. It is the result of interactions between metabolic, dietetic and environmental risk factors acting on a genetic background that could result in endothelial susceptibility. Our aim was to determine the patterns of expression of adhesion molecules and whether phosphatidylserine is translocated to the cell surface of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) isolated from healthy newborns born to parents with a strong family history of myocardial infarction under TNF-alpha or oxLDL stimulated conditions. Compared to control HUVECs, experimental cords showed: (a) a four-fold increase in VCAM-1 expression under basal conditions, which showed no change after stimulation with the pro-atherogenic factors; (b) a two-fold increase in basal P-selectin expression that reached a 10-fold increase with any of the pro-atherogenic factors; (c) a basal ICAM-1 expression similar to P-selectin that was not modified by the pro-atherogenic molecules; (d) a similar PECAM-1 expression. Unexpectedly, phospathidylserine expression in experimental cord HUVECs was significantly increased (211 817 versus 3354 TFU) but was not associated to apoptotic death as the percentage of dead cells induced by TNF-alpha treatment was very low (0.55 versus 9.87% in control HUVECs). The latter result was corroborated by TUNEL staining. T cell adherence to HUVECs was highly up-regulated in the genetically predisposed samples. The analysis of nonpooled HUVECs, from newborns to family predisposed myocardial-infarction individuals, might represent a useful strategy to identify phenotypical and functional alterations, and hopefully, to take early preventive actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paez
- Depto. Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Mexico
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12
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Lujan M, Paez A, Santonja C, Pascual T, Fernandez I, Berenguer A. Prostate cancer detection and tumor characteristics in men with multiple biopsy sessions. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2004; 7:238-42. [PMID: 15289810 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To address prostate cancer (PCa) detection with respect to the number of biopsy sessions performed, to identify risk factors for detection after a negative biopsy, and to analyze the clinical characteristics of the detected tumors. SCOPE Only biopsied men (sextant) were included. A total of 1011 biopsy sessions were carried out in 770 men; 172 underwent a second prostate biopsy and 51 a third biopsy. During the first biopsy round, 111 cancers were found (14.4%), 27 in the second (15.7%), and five during the third round (9.8%), P=0.156. Only high-grade PIN or atypia were identified as independent predictors or PCa detection in subsequent biopsies (P=0.008). A nonsignificant increase of clinically localized tumors, and a decrease of metastatic and poorly differentiated cases were found when more biopsy sessions were needed for detection. CONCLUSIONS A nonsignificant trend to lower cancer detection rates and less clinical relevance of the tumors detected can be observed when more biopsy rounds are needed for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lujan
- Urology Department, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model for basic research into benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and to assess doxazosin-induced changes in prostatic structure and apoptotic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four groups of rats were assessed: group 1, 15 SHRs treated with doxazosin; group 2, 14 SHRs with unilateral excision of the major pelvic ganglion; group 3, 14 untreated SHRs; and group 4, 16 intact Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The doxazosin mesylate (0.03 mg daily) was given compacted in rat food for 3 months. The prostatic ventral lobe (VL) was excised and weighed. Stereological light microscopy, multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of prostate caspases, and caspase-3 activity (cellular enzymatic assay) were assessed. RESULTS There was more development of the glandular epithelium (P < 0.001) in SHR rats than in controls, which was even greater after doxazosin exposure (P = 0.027). SHR animals had higher caspase expression (P < 0.05) and activity (P = 0.008) than WKY rats, but both were reduced after doxazosin therapy (P < 0.01 and 0.028, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed prostate hyperplasia in the SHR model. Doxazosin exposure did not reduce the volume of glandular epithelium and contributed to protecting against caspase-induced apoptosis. The SHR model may be not a valid option to study doxazosin-induced apoptosis in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lujan
- Department of Urology, Hospital de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Ciatto S, Zappa M, Villers A, Paez A, Otto SJ, Auvinen A. Contamination by opportunistic screening in the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer Screening. BJU Int 2003; 92 Suppl 2:97-100. [PMID: 14983964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.04407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ciatto
- Department Diagnostic Medical Imaging, Centro per lo Studio e la Prevenzione Oncologica, Florence, Italy.
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15
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Schröder FH, Denis LJ, Roobol M, Nelen V, Auvinen A, Tammela T, Villers A, Rebillard X, Ciatto S, Zappa M, Berenguer A, Paez A, Hugosson J, Lodding P, Recker F, Kwiatkowski M, Kirkels WJ. The story of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. BJU Int 2003; 92 Suppl 2:1-13. [PMID: 14983946 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.04389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F H Schröder
- Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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16
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Lujan M, Paez A, Llanes L, Miravalles E, Berenguer A. Prostate specific antigen density. Is there a role for this parameter when screening for prostate cancer? Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2002; 4:146-149. [PMID: 12497032 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2000] [Accepted: 12/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to validate prostate specific antigen (PSA) density (PSAD) routine use to enhance PSA specificity in men with normal digital rectal examination and intermediate PSA values. It is a retrospective study of 235 men from a prostate cancer (PCa) screening program. All of them presented PSA values between 4 and 10 ng/ml, normal digital rectal examination, and a transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy available (PSA>/=4 ng/ml as the sole criterion for biopsy). Multivariate analysis failed to demonstrate higher PSAD values in men with PCa. PSAD cutoff points higher than 0.07 ng/ml per cc were considered as unacceptable, with less than 95% sensitivity. When a cutoff point of 0.15 was considered, as many as 30.6% of the cancers were missed. In conclusion we cannot recommend the use of this parameter for the above mentioned purpose.Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (2001) 4, 146-149.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lujan
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Ide N, Paez A. Complex PTSD: a review of current issues. Int J Emerg Ment Health 2001; 2:43-9. [PMID: 11232103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The diagnostic formulation of PTSD has made a great advance since its inception in the early 1980s. Yet it may be argued that PTSD as now formulated does not go far enough in capturing the psychological response to traumatic events. The notion of "complex PTSD" is reviewed as an extension of the current formulations of PTSD. Complex PTSD transcends current formulations of PTSD in three main areas of disturbance: 1) complex symptom presentations, 2) characterological issues, and 3) vulnerability to repeated trauma. These issues are reviewed and support is provided for a formal recognition of "complex PTSD".
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ide
- Loyola College, Maryland, USA.
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18
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Paez A, Gonzalez ME, Tschaplinski TJ. Growth, soluble carbohydrates, and aloin concentration of Aloe vera plants exposed to three irradiance levels. Environ Exp Bot 2000; 44:133-139. [PMID: 10996366 DOI: 10.1016/s0098-8472(00)00062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Research was conducted on Aloe vera, a traditional medicinal plant, to investigate the effects of light on growth, carbon allocation, and the concentrations of organic solutes, including soluble carbohydrates and aloin. The plants were vegetatively propagated and grown under three irradiances: full sunlight, partial (30% full sunlight), and deep shade (10% full sunlight) for 12-18 months. After 1 year of growth, five plants from each treatment were harvested to determine total above- and below ground dry mass. Four plants from the full sunlight and the partial shade treatments were harvested after 18 months to assess the soluble carbohydrate, organic acid and aloin concentrations of the clear parenchyma gel and the yellow leaf exudate, separately. Plants grown under full sunlight produced more numerous and larger axillary shoots, resulting in twice the total dry mass than those grown under partial shade. The dry mass of the plants grown under deep shade was 8.6% that of plants grown under full sunlight. Partial shade increased the number and length of leaves produced on the primary shoot, but leaf dry mass was still reduced to 66% of that in full sunlight. In contrast, partial and deep shade reduced root dry mass to 28 and 13%, respectively, of that under full sunlight, indicating that carbon allocation to roots was restricted under low light conditions. When plants were sampled 6 months later, there were only minor treatment effects on the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and aloin in the leaf exudate and gel. Soluble carbohydrate concentrations were greater in the gel than in the exudate, with glucose the most abundant soluble carbohydrate. Aloin was present only in the leaf exudate and higher irradiance did not induce a higher concentration. Limitation in light availability primarily affected total dry mass production and allocation, without substantial effects on either primary or secondary carbon metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paez
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia. Dept. Biologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
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19
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Lujan M, Paez A, Sanchez E, Herrero A, Martin E, Berenguer A. Prostate specific antigen variation in patients without clinically evident prostate cancer. J Urol 1999; 162:1311-3. [PMID: 10492186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We address long-term within individual variation of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men without clinical or biopsy evidence of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied 943 men from a prostate cancer screening program with 2 PSA (PSA1 and PSA2) measurements available. A third PSA (PSA3) was obtained from 571 men. Only participants with no clinical evidence of cancer were included in the study. Within individual PSA variability was calculated based on indexes of percent coefficient of variation, ratio difference and PSA velocity. The relationship among these indexes, interval between measurements and number of PSA samples was assessed. RESULTS Mean interval was 670.4 days between PSA1 and PSA2, and 801.8 days between PSA2 and PSA3 (p<0.001). Mean coefficient of variation was 18% after 2 and 15.7% after 3 PSA measurements. Mean ratio differences were -0.047 ng./ml. for 2 and 0.033 ng./ml. for 3 samples. Mean PSA velocity was -0.128 ng./ml. per year for 2 and -0.055 ng./ml. per year for 3 samples, with 95% confidence intervals of 0.634 and 0.315, respectively. Variability was higher if only 2 PSA measurements were done (p<0.001). No clear relationship was found between individual variability and interval between measurements. CONCLUSIONS PSA velocity is within normal limits in almost all men (more than 95%) without clinically relevant prostate cancer. PSA individual variability is not fully dependent on the time between measurements when intervals are long, and can be substantially decreased with a third PSA sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lujan
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Molina J, Massó F, Paez A, Mendez C, Rodríguez E, Mandoki JJ, Díaz de Léon L, Montaño LF. Differential effect of estradiol on antibody secretion of murine hybridomas. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1999; 18:377-83. [PMID: 10571269 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1999.18.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The need for increased antibody production by hybridomas has been approached by the addition to cell cultures of different growth factors; in vitro addition of estradiol-17beta (E2) to human blood lymphocytes increases the accumulation of plasma-blasts and Ig-secreting cells. Four different murine-murine hybridomas secreting different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were treated with E2. Specific antibody concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) in culture supernatants whereas expression of E2-receptor in the hybridoma cells was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When E2 was added as a growth supplement to alpha-estrogen receptor positive murine-murine hybridomas it enhanced MAb secretion by as much as 255%, in a dose-dependant manner. This effect lasted for as long as the alpha-estrogen receptor was detected in the hybridoma cells, was inhibited by tamoxifen and was not observed in alpha-estrogen receptor negative hybridomas. The synthetic estrogen analogue diethylstilbestrol had no effect. Estradiol-17beta should be added to the list of hybridoma-inducing growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Molina
- Department de Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, DF Mexico
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21
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Blanco AR, Paez A, Gerold P, Dearsly AL, Margos G, Schwarz RT, Barker G, Rodriguez MC, Sinden RE. The biosynthesis and post-translational modification of Pbs21 an ookinete-surface protein of Plasmodium berghei. Mol Biochem Parasitol 1999; 98:163-73. [PMID: 10080386 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-6851(98)00162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Radiolabelled methionine incorporation into synchronised Plasmodium berghei gametocytes or ookinete cultures, showed that Pbs21 is not synthesised in bloodstage parasites; synthesis was detected within three hours of induction of gametogenesis; synthesis was triggered at gametogenesis, not by fertilisation. We show native Pbs21 to be a hydrophobic membrane protein that was insensitive to cleavage by phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C (PI-PLC), but sensitive to alkaline hydroxylamine, and partially sensitive to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-dependent phospholipase D (GPI-PLD) and HNO2. 3H-myristic and palmitic acid, 3H-glucosamine and mannose incorporation indicated Pbs21 was acylated and glycosylated. Linkage of the acyl group was sensitive to HNO2, which released an acyl-phosphatidylinositol more hydrophobic than that released from P3 of Trypanosoma brucei. All these properties are consistent with the presence of a malaria-specific glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. In contrast recombinant Pbs21 (rPbs21), expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda cells, was sensitive to both PI-PLC and GPI-PLD, consistent with the protein being modified by a different (S. frugiperda) GPI anchor. Brefeldin A blocked secretion of rPbs21 within a cytoplasmic reticular compartment. Following deletion of the putative GPI anchor addition site (amino acids 189 213), the protein was transported to the cell surface and secreted directly into the aqueous phase of the culture medium. Deletion of amino acids 205-213 disrupted Pbs21 processing, transport through the ER and distribution onto the cell surface. Deletion of amino acids 1-28 prevented transport of Pbs21 into the ER. This suggests that correct processing of the GPI anchor in the ER-Golgi network is essential for the successful secretion of the recombinant protein, which is additionally dependent upon an N-terminal secretory signal sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Blanco
- Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
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22
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Harrington CJ, Paez A, Hunkapiller T, Mannikko V, Brabb T, Ahearn M, Beeson C, Goverman J. Differential tolerance is induced in T cells recognizing distinct epitopes of myelin basic protein. Immunity 1998; 8:571-80. [PMID: 9620678 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is induced by T cell-mediated immunity to central nervous system antigens. In H-2u mice, EAE is mediated primarily by T cells specific for residues 1-11 of myelin basic protein (MBP). We demonstrate that differential tolerance to MBP1-11 versus epitopes in MBP121-150 is induced by expression of endogenous MBP, reflecting extreme differences in stability of peptide/MHC complexes. The diverse MBP121-150-specific TCR repertoire can be divided into three fine specificity groups. Two groups were identified in wild-type mice despite extensive tolerance, but the third group was not detected. Activated MBP121-150-specific T cells induce EAE in wild-type mice. Thus, encephalitogenic T cells that escape tolerance either recognize short-lived peptide/MHC complexes or express TCRs with unique specificities for stable complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Harrington
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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23
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Goverman J, Brabb T, Paez A, Harrington C, von Dassow P. Initiation and regulation of CNS autoimmunity. Crit Rev Immunol 1998; 17:469-80. [PMID: 9419434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our studies addressed the questions of how self-reactive T cells escape tolerance and what stimuli cause these T cells to initiate autoimmune responses. We employed experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) as an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Endogenous expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) induces tolerance in T cells that recognize one region of MBP, whereas T cells specific for a different region escape tolerance. Triggers of disease induction were investigated in a T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic model in which the majority of T cells recognize the MBP epitope that does not induce tolerance. EAE occurs spontaneously in this model and the incidence of disease depends on microbial exposure. EAE can also be actively induced by immunization with MBP peptide accompanied by injection of pertussis toxin as well as by administration of pertussis toxin alone. Immunization with MBP peptide without pertussis toxin, however, stimulates the transgenic T cells, but the activated T cells do not accumulate in the central nervous system (CNS) or induce EAE. Our studies suggest that initiation of autoimmune disease involves complex interactions between the neuroendocrine system as well as the innate and specific immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Goverman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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24
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Brabb T, Goldrath AW, von Dassow P, Paez A, Liggitt HD, Goverman J. Triggers of autoimmune disease in a murine TCR-transgenic model for multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 1997; 159:497-507. [PMID: 9200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to human autoimmune responses has made potential triggers of these diseases difficult to identify. We examined how experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, is triggered using TCR-transgenic mice specific for myelin basic protein (MBP). In these TCR-transgenic mice, EAE can be actively induced and also occurs spontaneously. The incidence of spontaneous EAE in this model is largely confined to adolescence and early adulthood and is more prevalent among males than females, indicating that hormonal influences may contribute to triggering central nervous system autoimmune disease. Disease induction studies show that not all stimuli that activate MBP-specific T cells in vivo also induce EAE. Immunization with MBP peptide stimulates the transgenic T cells to produce Th1 cytokines; however, the activated T cells do not accumulate in the central nervous system and induce EAE unless pertussis toxin is also administered. EAE can be induced by intrathecal injection of either stimulated or nonstimulated transgenic T cells into nontransgenic or transgenic recipients. Therefore, gaining access to the central nervous system appears to be the critical step in this model for the induction of EAE, regardless of the activation state of the T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brabb
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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25
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Brabb T, Goldrath AW, von Dassow P, Paez A, Liggitt HD, Goverman J. Triggers of autoimmune disease in a murine TCR-transgenic model for multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.1.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The combination of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to human autoimmune responses has made potential triggers of these diseases difficult to identify. We examined how experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, is triggered using TCR-transgenic mice specific for myelin basic protein (MBP). In these TCR-transgenic mice, EAE can be actively induced and also occurs spontaneously. The incidence of spontaneous EAE in this model is largely confined to adolescence and early adulthood and is more prevalent among males than females, indicating that hormonal influences may contribute to triggering central nervous system autoimmune disease. Disease induction studies show that not all stimuli that activate MBP-specific T cells in vivo also induce EAE. Immunization with MBP peptide stimulates the transgenic T cells to produce Th1 cytokines; however, the activated T cells do not accumulate in the central nervous system and induce EAE unless pertussis toxin is also administered. EAE can be induced by intrathecal injection of either stimulated or nonstimulated transgenic T cells into nontransgenic or transgenic recipients. Therefore, gaining access to the central nervous system appears to be the critical step in this model for the induction of EAE, regardless of the activation state of the T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brabb
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - A W Goldrath
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - P von Dassow
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - A Paez
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - H D Liggitt
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - J Goverman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
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26
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Shapira Y, Lam AM, Paez A, Artru AA, Laohaprasit V, Donato T. The influence of acute and chronic alcohol treatment on brain edema, cerebral infarct volume and neurological outcome following experimental head trauma in rats. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 1997; 9:118-27. [PMID: 9100180 DOI: 10.1097/00008506-199704000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of acute and chronic ethanol treatment on neurological outcome following head trauma in rats. Eight-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 10 groups. Four groups received sham head trauma (surgical incision of the scalp but no trauma) and were treated with (A) nothing, (B) chronic ethanol (6% ethanol in drinking water for 40 days), (C) acute ethanol 1.5 g/kg, intraperitoneally (IP) and (D) acute ethanol 3 g/kg IP. Four groups (E-H) received the same treatment; in addition, head trauma was delivered using a weight-drop device to the left cranium (2 h after ethanol treatment in the acute ethanol groups). To assess the influence of acute plus chronic alcohol and whether the glutamate antagonist ketamine can modify the neurologic outcome following head trauma, two additional head trauma groups were studied: group I received both acute and chronic ethanol treatment and group J received acute ethanol (1.5 g/kg) IP plus ketamine (180 mg/kg). Neurologic assessment was performed at 1, 2, 4, 8, 10, and 24 hours after head trauma or sham trauma in all animals who survived the treatment (omitted in group J animals while still under the anesthetic influence of ketamine). At the end of 24 hours, or at the time of death, the animals were decapitated. Specific gravity was determined from brain tissues adjacent to the injury and the contralateral hemispheres and the volume of hemorrhagic necrosis was quantified. None of the rats in the sham trauma groups died or had neurologic deficits. Of the head trauma groups, the mortality in animals that received 3 g/kg of ethanol and the animals that received acute plus chronic ethanol treatment was 100% before the end of 24 hours. Fifty percent of the animals receiving low-dose acute ethanol treatment (1.5 g/kg) died before 24 hours. In contrast, the mortality in the other groups was only 30% (p < 0.05). The neurologic severity score was significantly higher (greater neurological deficit) in the surviving animals that received acute ethanol treatment at 10 and 24 hours than in rats receiving no ethanol or chronic ethanol treatment. Specific gravity was also lower in the acute ethanol-treated groups compared with no ethanol, chronic ethanol, and acute ethanol plus ketamine groups (p < 0.03). Based on these observations, we conclude that in this rat head trauma model acute ethanol treatment increases mortality, neurological deficit, hemorrhagic necrosis volume, and brain edema. On the other hand, chronic ethanol treatment has no apparent effect and ketamine treatment does not counteract the effect of acute ethanol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shapira
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, USA
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27
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Shugerman RP, Paez A, Grossman DC, Feldman KW, Grady MS. Epidural hemorrhage: is it abuse? Pediatrics 1996; 97:664-8. [PMID: 8628604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether children presenting with epidural hemorrhage (EDH) are as likely to have been abused as are children presenting with subdural hemorrhage (SDH). DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Level I regional trauma center and a regional children's hospital. PATIENTS All children at both institutions 3 years old or younger with a diagnosis of EDH or SDH identified by a search of the computerized trauma registry and hospital medical records from 1985 through 1991. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS Complete records were found for 93 of 94 eligible subjects. The diagnosis of accidental or inflicted injury was ascertained from the patient's hospital medical record or the records of Child Protective Services. Of all subjects (n = 93), 52% (48/93) were male and the median age was 15 months. Abuse was diagnosed in 47% (28/59) of children with SDH and 6% (2/34) of those with EDH. Other significant injuries were found in 47% of children with SDH and 18% of children with EDH. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to the likelihood of identifying a skull fracture, the need for surgical evacuation of the hemorrhage, or mortality. CONCLUSIONS Our data are consistent with current biomechanical concepts of intracranial injury. EDHs results from brief linear contact forces that commonly occur in unintentional falls. SDHs are caused by global high-energy rotational acceleration/deceleration forces that are commonly generated in episodes of abuse. Compared with SDH, EDH rarely results from abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Shugerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
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28
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Zazueta C, Massò F, Paez A, Bravo C, Vega A, Montaño L, Vázquez M, Ramírez J, Chávez E. Identification of a 20-kDa protein with calcium uptake transport activity. Reconstitution in a membrane model. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1994; 26:555-62. [PMID: 7896770 DOI: 10.1007/bf00762740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results of experiments designed to further purify the membrane system involved in mitochondrial calcium transport. A partially purified extract, which transported calcium with a specific activity of 1194 nmol 45Ca2+/mg protein/5 min, was used to obtain mouse hyperimmune serum. This serum inhibited calcium uptake both in mitoplasts and in vesicles reconstituted with mitochondrial proteins containing cytochrome oxidase. Western blot analysis of the semipurified fraction showed that the serum recognized specifically two antigens of 75 and 20 kDa. Both antibodies were purified by elution from the nitrocellulose sheets and their inhibition capacity was analyzed. The antibody that recognized the 20-kDa protein produced a higher degree of inhibition than the other one.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zazueta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ignacio Chávez, México, D.F., México
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29
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Rapariz MA, Salinas J, Paez A, Prieto L, Fernández C, Monllor J, Resel L. [High pressure filling bladder]. Actas Urol Esp 1992; 16:380-4. [PMID: 1509900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A complete urodynamic study was carried out on 41 consecutive patients presenting in the cystomanometry a vesical filling pressure at maximum capacity higher than 30 cm H2O. Two groups were evident: group I with neurogenic etiology, and group II without an obvious neurogenic etiology. From its results it can be seen that a diminished vesical accommodation is not a urodynamic fact restricted to vesicourethral neurogenic dysfunction, but it happens in several non-neurogenic conditions. Within the neurogenic group, the urodynamic element most frequently associated to a diminished vesical accommodation was an inferior motor neuron-like vesicourethral dysfunction. An increased vesical filling pressure was not enough to produce urinary incontinence, being also necessary an added factor to prompt involuntary loss of urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rapariz
- Unidad de Urodinámica, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
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30
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Salinas Sánchez J, Virseda M, Verdejo C, Gil P, Cruz A, Prieto L, Paez A, Ribera JM. [Urinary incontinence in the elderly: clinical and urodynamic review of 195 cases]. ARCH ESP UROL 1991; 44:259-64. [PMID: 1867507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
One hundred ninety-five male and female patients over 65 years old presenting with urinary incontinence were evaluated by clinical and urodynamics. Urinary incontinence was in the form of urgency-incontinence in 68% of the cases, incontinence at cough in 26%, and urinary incontinence which the patient referred to no specific situation in 6%. Among the different urodynamics data, bladder instability was the most common (73%). Urinary stress incontinence was observed in 35% of the cases. Bladder instability was demonstrated in 77% of the cases with urgency-incontinence and in 69% of the cases with incontinence not referred to a specific situation. All the male patients with lower urinary tract obstruction had urgency-incontinence. Stress incontinence was demonstrated in 60% of the cases with incontinence at cough. Stress incontinence was not observed in male patients without associated diseases. The associated neurological disorder was accompanied by bladder hyperreflexia in 90% of the cases. A prior adenomectomy or hysterectomy was associated with a greater number of cases with stress urinary incontinence, accounting for 62% in both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salinas Sánchez
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Clínico de San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, España
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31
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Abstract
A retrospective review of 110 consecutive kidney transplants performed during 4 years revealed the development of renal artery stenosis in 9 patients (8.18%). A comparison of this group with a control group similar in patient age and interval elapsed since transplantation revealed no significant differences in donor and recipient ages, degree of HLA compatibility or serum creatinine levels. However, there was a significant difference in the number of acute rejection episodes. In our series only male patients were affected. A sizable proportion of the patients (50%) had no detectable murmur over the graft area despite high blood pressure and increased creatinine levels. The absence of surgical injury during extraction and implantation of the grafts, together with the anatomical site of the stenosis and correlation with the degree of immunological intolerance suggest an immunological factor as the underlying cause in post-transplant renal artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Macia
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Hospital Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Tomalino D, Paez A, Pommerenck C. [Macleod's syndrome]. Torax 1970; 19:242-6. [PMID: 5520156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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33
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Ferrari M, Paez A, Lopez Soto C, Touya E, Burgos R, Touya JJ Y. Basic physiopathological patterns of perfusion and inhalation pulmonary scintigraphy. Thorax 1969; 24:695-702. [PMID: 5350719 PMCID: PMC472074 DOI: 10.1136/thx.24.6.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
113mIn is an excellent radiopharmaceutical for pulmonary scanning. Seven physiopathological patterns are described after the study of the results of successive perfusion and inhalation pulmonary scans—pulmonary artery obstruction, complete bronchial obstruction, partial bronchial obstruction, bronchiolar obstruction, anatomical changes in the pulmonary parenchyma, pathological pulmonary dead space, and intrapulmonary arterio-venous shunting. Pulmonary artery obstruction can be diagnosed early, precisely, and safely by this method. Pathological pulmonary dead space and intrapulmonary shunting have well-defined characteristics; the ability to demonstrate their topography and size in patients with pulmonary emphysema may lead to surgical removal of the affected regions, thus improving overall pulmonary function. The scintigraphic procedures used revealed that bronchial obstruction is associated with absent pulmonary arterial perfusion in the corresponding bronchial territory; this finding is of the utmost importance, as it may permit the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma before any radiological changes occur.
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34
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Bekerman C, Touya E, Paez A, Ferrando R, Touya JJ, Ferrari M. [Radioisotope scanning using 113m indium in the diagnosis of aneurysm of the intrathoracic aorta]. Torax 1968; 17:248-252. [PMID: 5730840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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