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Zähringer M, Reineck S, Perniok A, Krüger K, Andermahr J, Rubbert A, Winnekendonk G. Digital amorphous silicon flat-panel detector radiography at different exposure doses versus mammography film: possibility of radiation dose reduction in detecting rheumatologic bone defects. Acta Radiol 2008; 49:157-66. [PMID: 18300139 DOI: 10.1080/02841850701675719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographic examinations of the skeleton are the most commonly performed radiologic procedures, even outnumbering examinations of the chest. The imaging systems used in skeletal radiography must meet high standards in terms of contrast and spatial resolution to effectively visualize the high contrast between bone and soft tissue as well as fine bone structures. PURPOSE To determine the performance of amorphous silicon flat-panel detector radiography compared to mammography film in detecting rheumatologic bone defects at different exposure doses. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 44 patients with known or presumed skeletal changes of the hand associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Following a clinically indicated radiographic examination of the peripheral extremities using mammography film, a survey radiograph of one hand was taken in the posteroanterior (PA) view by digital radiography, at the same exposure dose and at a dose reduced to one quarter of the mammography film doses. Four independent radiologists scored the resultant images using the Sharp/van der Heijde and Ratingen scoring methods. The study received University of Cologne Ethics Committee and German Federal Radiation Protection Agency approval. RESULTS Compared to mammography film, digital flat-panel detector radiography produced a significantly better image quality at identical uptake doses. A greater number of erosions were detected with the digital flat-panel detector than with mammography film at the same and at reduced doses. CONCLUSION Although the spatial resolution of the digital flat-panel system used in this study was poorer than mammography film, this was compensated for by its wider dynamic range and improved contrast resolution, even at the reduced dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Zähringer
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - S. Reineck
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - A. Perniok
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - K. Krüger
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - J. Andermahr
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - A. Rubbert
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - G. Winnekendonk
- Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Mediapark Klinik, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Rheumatology, Elisabeth Klinik, Bigge, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Vivantes Humboldt Klinikum, Berlin, Germany;, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, and First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;, Department of Radiology, Marienhospital Herne, Herne, Germany
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Plum J, Razeghi P, Lordnejad RM, Perniok A, Fleisch M, Fusshöller A, Schneider M, Grabensee B. Peritoneal dialysis fluids with a physiologic pH based on either lactate or bicarbonate buffer-effects on human mesothelial cells. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38:867-75. [PMID: 11576893 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.27709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional lactate (Lac)-buffered peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions have turned out to be detrimental to human peritoneal cells, especially because of a low pH. In the present study, we focus on potential differences between Lac and bicarbonate (Bic) as a buffer when adjusted to a physiological pH. All test fluids were buffered with either 40 mmol/L of Lac or 34 mmol/L of Bic, sterile filtered, and adjusted to a pH of 7.4. Osmotic agents used were 1.36% glucose (Glu), 3.86% Glu, 1% amino acids (AA), and 7.5% Glu polymer (Glupoly). Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated from the omentum majus, grown to confluence, and incubated after the second passage for 15 minutes (37 degrees C and 5% carbon dioxide) with the test fluids. Cytotoxicity was controlled by measuring apoptotic and necrotic cells with cytofluorometry. Aerobic cell metabolism (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay) and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were measured to assess cell viability. Release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from HPMCs was determined as a parameter of cellular host defense. No significant difference in apoptosis or necrosis rates was found between the solutions adjusted to normal pH. However, in the MTT assay, Bic solutions were superior to corresponding Lac pendants at an identical pH of 7.4 (P < 0.01). Intracellular ATP concentrations reflected a very similar pattern (P < 0.05). Glupoly in combination with Lac showed an impaired pattern with both the MTT and ATP assays. Regarding IL-1beta-stimulated IL-6 release, there was a small, but not significantly better, response for Bic. Differences in manifest cell cytotoxicity reflected by apoptosis and necrosis rates could not be detected comparing PD solutions buffered with Lac or Bic at a physiological pH. However, distinct parameters of cell metabolism were superior with Bic compared with Lac. Especially Glupoly was inferior in combination with Lac as a buffer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Plum
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Heinrich Heine-University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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Gaubitz M, Seidel M, Kummer S, Schotte H, Perniok A, Domschke W, Schneider M. Prospective randomized trial of two different immunoadsorbers in severe systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 1998; 11:495-501. [PMID: 9802935 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1998.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Experiences with extracorporeal therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus have been published over the last 20 years and more. In addition to plasmapheresis, specific adsorption columns have been developed to deplete pathogenic antibodies and immune complexes in the plasma of patients with SLE. We conducted a prospective randomized trial to compare the efficacy of a disposable adsorption column, which contained a specific ligand, phenylalanine (IMPH-350|Pt, Diamed, Köln, Germany) with a regenerable Ig-adsorbing column containing sheep anti-human antibodies (Ig-Therasorb|Pt, Therasorb, München, Germany). Twenty SLE patients inadequately controlled with corticosteroids, anti-malarials, azathioprine or cyclosporine A, had strong evidence of disease in general, or an organ related SLAM score. They were randomized to receive either a perfusion of IMPH-350, or Ig-Therasorb, immunoadsorbed with 2.5 ml of plasma, three times each. The treatment regime was repeated after 4 weeks when the response was limited or non-existent. Response was defined as a reduction in the SLAM score of at least 30%. SLAM scores in the IMPH group decreased from 14.3+/-5.6 to 9.2+/-6.2 after 1 month and to 9.4+/-3.9 after 6 months; corresponding scores in the Ig-Therasorb group were 18.3+/-5. 5 to 11.2+/-7.6, decreasing to 9.2+/-2.9. After 1 month, 8/10 patients in both groups showed a response; after 6 months, 5/10 patients in the IMPH-350 group and 8/10 in the Ig-Therasorb group fulfilled the response criteria. Reduction of dsDNA antibodies directly after treatment was 50.8+/-6.6% in the IMPH-350 group and 61.0+/-8.0% in the IgTherasorb group. Results indicate that immunoadsorption is an additional option in the treatment of severe SLE. Choice of type of immunoadsorber and immunosuppressive treatment has to take into account the severity and chronicity of common disease activity and organ involvement, as well as economic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gaubitz
- Westphalian Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany
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