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Schulze M, Beyer S, Beyer F, Bortfeldt R, Riesenbeck A, Leiding C, Jung M, Kleve-Feld M. Relationship between pubertal testicular ultrasonographic evaluation and future reproductive performance potential in Piétrain boars. Theriogenology 2020; 158:58-65. [PMID: 32932185 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
New ways of predicting sperm quality and output performance in young artificial insemination (AI) boars are important for breeding companies to ensure that the pubertal boars delivered to the AI studs have a high chance of meeting minimum quality standards to be used for insemination and therewith dissemination of desirable characteristics. The aim of the current study was to characterize the testicular development of 218 pubertal Piétrain boars (Line 408, Pig Improvement Company) to identify traits with predictable characteristics relative to their sperm quality as an adult AI boar. Scrotum, testes and epididymis were examined ultrasonographically at day (d) 100 (on-test) and 170 (off-test) followed by a computer-assisted grayscale analysis (GSA). Over the test period, paired testicular volume increased 7.3-fold from 22.7 ± 10.8 cm3 to 166.6 ± 62.2 cm3. The right testis was significantly (P = 0.014) larger than the left one at the off-test. Based on the sperm quality (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total sperm number, morphologically abnormal sperm and total sperm motility at day 3 of semen storage), 82.11% (n = 179) of the boars were classified as "productive" boars. These boars had a significantly (P = 0.039) larger paired testicular volume than "non-productive" boars (45.9 ± 19.9 cm3vs. 38.5 ± 12.6 cm3) at the on-test. For the right testis at on-test, significant differences for the standard deviation of mean gray value (P = 0.022), area under the curve (P = 0.004) and mean gradient value (GRAD, P = 0.030) regarding the future sperm production capacity (SPC) were shown. At off-test, there was a significant difference for minimum gray value (MIN GV, P = 0.003) and mean gray value (P = 0.001) related to SPC. To find SPC related cut-off values for GSA data, a two segmental non-linear regression analysis was carried out indicating breakpoints for GRAD ≥12 and MIN GV ≥ 40 for boars with low SPC. Off-test boars with MIN GV ≥ 40 showed a 2.4 higher risk to display low SPC (Odds ratio = 2.4 [1.1, 5.4]; P = 0.024). The results may enable breeding companies to include new sperm quality associated traits in their boar testing and selection programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schulze
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany.
| | - S Beyer
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - F Beyer
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - R Bortfeldt
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - A Riesenbeck
- Genossenschaft Zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung, Zum Pöpping 29, D-59387, Ascheberg, Germany
| | - C Leiding
- Besamungsverein Neustadt a. d. Aisch e. V., Karl-Eibl-Str. 17-27, D-91413, Neustadt a. d. Aisch, Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institute for Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow, Bernauer Allee 10, D-16321, Bernau, Germany
| | - M Kleve-Feld
- Pig Improvement Company, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Ste 2200, Hendersonville, TN, 37075, United States
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Piepenbrink A, Failing K, Riesenbeck A, Schmid P, Hoffmann B. Downregulation von LH bei der Hündin nach Anwendung des GnRH-Agonisten Buserelin in Implantatform. Tierarztl Prax Ausg K 2018; 45:147-152. [DOI: 10.15654/tpk-160790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Darstellung der Downregulation von LH bei der Hündin nach Anwendung eines Slow-Release-GnRH-Implantats mit dem Wirkstoff Buserelin. Material und Methoden: Zur Ausschaltung negativ rückkoppelnder Wirkungen endogener Sexualhormone wurden neun Hündinnen ovariohysterektomiert. Zur Anwendung kam der Wirkstoff Buserelinacetat in Form des Slow-Release-Implantats Profact Depot®, wobei jeweils drei Hündinnen Implantate mit 3,3 mg, 6,6 mg oder 13,2 mg subkutan appliziert wurden. Die Charakterisierung der Verfügbarkeit von LH erfolgte durch punktuelle sowie durch sequenzielle Blutentnahmen über 6-stündige Zeitfenster. Folgende Parameter wurden erfasst: AUC (Area Under the Curve), Basalkonzentration, Anzahl der Pulse und maximale Pulsamplitude. Ergebnisse: Dosisabhängigkeiten waren nicht feststellbar, was darauf hindeutet, dass die niedrigste Dosis bereits maximal wirksam war. Für die weitere Auswertung wurden die Tiere daher zu einer Gruppe zusammengefasst. Ein zunehmend stärker werdender Effekt der Downregulation zeigte sich von der 2. bis zur 26. Woche nach der Implantation, die Wirkdauer lag bei ca. 34 Wochen. Eine Stunde nach der Implantation kam es zu einem signifikanten Anstieg auf fast das Doppelte des Ausgangswerts. Danach blieb das LH-Niveau über weitere 8 Stunden erhöht. Schlussfolgerung: Wie beim Rüden führt Buserelin auch bei der Hündin zu einer Downregulation der LH-Sekretion, der eine initiale, über mehrere Stunden anhaltende erhöhte LH-Freisetzung vorausgeht. Diese muss im Zusammenhang mit den unerwünschten Wirkungen gesehen werden, die bei der Downregulation der Ovarfunktion der Hündin mittels Slow-Release-GnRH-Analoga auftreten. Klinische Relevanz: Die Unterbindung des initialen Anstiegs der LH-Konzentration ist Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung von Slow-Release-GnRH-Analoga zur Downregulation der Sexualfunktion der Hündin.
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Schulze M, Grobbel M, Riesenbeck A, Brüning S, Schaefer J, Jung M, Grossfeld R. Dose rates of antimicrobial substances in boar semen preservation-time to establish new protocols. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:397-402. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Schulze
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow; Bernau Germany
| | - M Grobbel
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; Berlin Germany
| | - A Riesenbeck
- Genossenschaft zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung; Ascheberg Germany
| | - S Brüning
- Genossenschaft zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung; Ascheberg Germany
| | - J Schaefer
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow; Bernau Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schoenow; Bernau Germany
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Riesenbeck A, Schulze M, Rüdiger K, Henning H, Waberski D. Quality Control of Boar Sperm Processing: Implications from European AI Centres and Two Spermatology Reference Laboratories. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 50 Suppl 2:1-4. [PMID: 26174912 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, increased automatization has resulted in a higher efficiency of boar semen processing in AI laboratories. Sophisticated laboratory management and efficient quality control programmes are needed for current tendencies in major pork-producing countries to reduce the sperm number per AI dose, to lengthen semen storage times and to adopt responsible methods for bacterial control and prevention of the development of multiresistant bacteria. The objective of the present review was to outline current trends in boar semen production and the critical steps in semen processing which affect sperm quality. In addition, integrated elements of a quality assurance programme in use by thirty European AI centres in association with the two German spermatology reference laboratories are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riesenbeck
- Genossenschaft zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung, Ascheberg, Germany
| | - M Schulze
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow Inc., Bernau, Germany
| | - K Rüdiger
- Institute for the Reproduction of Farm Animals Schönow Inc., Bernau, Germany
| | - H Henning
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Waberski
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics/Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
For more than 40 years, AI (artificial insemination) has been carried out with pigs. In some countries, it constitutes since the 1990 s the dominant procedure with piglet production to fertilize the sow. This procedure of insemination with fresh semen has become prevalent in all countries on a worldwide basis with an important pig meat production, with the exception of China. Meanwhile, up to 90% of the sows have been artificially inseminated. The trend is still upwards. As the need of pig meat and thus the production continues to increase, one can proceed on the assumption that the number of semen doses, which is necessary for this procedure, will likewise increase correspondingly. Until now, the trade beyond borders has only been marginal. An improvement in the sense of a longer shelf life for semen doses is indispensable for the trade over longer distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riesenbeck
- Genossenschaft zur Förderung der Schweinehaltung, Ascheberg, Germany.
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Waberski D, Schapmann E, Henning H, Riesenbeck A, Brandt H. Sperm chromatin structural integrity in normospermic boars is not related to semen storage and fertility after routine AI. Theriogenology 2011; 75:337-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Expression of the progesterone receptor (PR) was monitored in testes of groups of five boars aged 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 days. The primary monoclonal antibody used for immunohistochemistry (IHC) was raised against a peptide mapping the amino acids 922-933 of the carboxy-terminus of the human PR, negative controls were set up using an irrelevant monoclonal isotype-specific antibody, porcine endometrium served as positive control tissue. In parallel, qualitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was applied. Based on the developmental status of spermatogenesis the 50- and 100-day-old boars were considered as immature, the boars aged 200 and 250 days as mature. Positive and negative controls confirmed specificity of IHC. In the 50-day-old boars 85.1% of the prespermatogonia that had reached the basal lamina and 18.2% of the centrally located prespermatogonia stained positive, while it was 92.1% respectively 2.1% in the 100-day-old boars. The effect of time and location was highly significant (p < 0.005 resp. 0.0001). In mature boars between 77 and 80% of the A and B spermatogonia stained positive, there was no effect of boar age and stage of spermatogenesis. In both groups also few peritubular myoid cells stained positive. It is hypothesized that Leydig cell-derived progesterone plays a functional role in spermatogoniogenesis in a synergistic manner with Leydig cell-derived oestrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kohler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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