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Martínez-Hernández A, Martínez-Anaya D, Durán-McKinster C, Del Castillo-Ruiz V, Navarrete-Meneses P, Córdova EJ, Villegas-Torres BE, Ruiz-Herrera A, Juárez-Velázquez R, Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Cervantes-Barragán D, Pedraza-Meléndez A, Orozco L, Pérez-Vera P, Salas-Labadía C. Pigmentary mosaicism as a recurrent clinical manifestation in three new patients with mosaic trisomy 12 diagnosed postnatally: cases report and literature review. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:224. [PMCID: PMC9620619 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To date, only twenty-one cases diagnosed postnatally with mosaic trisomy 12 have been reported. The most frequent phenotypic manifestations are developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects, digital alterations, and pigmentary disorders. In the present report, detailed clinical and genetic profiles of three unrelated new patients with mosaic trisomy 12 are described and compared with previously reported cases. Case presentation In the present report, we include the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular description of three Mexican patients diagnosed postnatally with mosaic trisomy 12. At phenotypic level, the three patients present with developmental delay, dysmorphic facial features, congenital heart defects and skin pigmentary anomalies. Particularly, patient 1 showed unique eye alterations as bilateral distichiasis, triple rows of upper lashes, and digital abnormalities. In patient 2 redundant skin, severe hearing loss, and hypotonia were observed, and patient 3 presented with hypertelorism and telecanthus. Hyperpigmentation with disseminated pigmentary anomalies is a common trait in all of them. The cytogenetic study was carried out under the strict criteria of analysis, screening 50–100 metaphases from three different tissues, showing trisomy 12 mosaicism in at least one of the three different tissues analyzed. With SNParray, the presence of low-level mosaic copy number variants not previously detected by cytogenetics, and uniparental disomy of chromosome 12, was excluded. STR markers allowed to confirm the absence of uniparental disomy as well as to know the parental origin of supernumerary chromosome 12. Conclusions The detailed clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular description of these three new patients, contributes with relevant information to delineate more accurately a group of patients that show a heterogeneous phenotype, although sharing the same chromosomal alteration. The possibility of detecting mosaic trisomy 12 is directly associated with the sensitivity of the methodology applied to reveal the low-level chromosomal mosaicism, as well as with the possibility to perform the analysis in a suitable tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martínez-Hernández
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - D. Martínez-Anaya
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - C. Durán-McKinster
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - V. Del Castillo-Ruiz
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - P. Navarrete-Meneses
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - E. J. Córdova
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Consorcio de Oncogenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - B. E. Villegas-Torres
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - A. Ruiz-Herrera
- grid.414465.6Hospital de Especialidades Pediátrico de León, León, Guanajuato, México
| | - R. Juárez-Velázquez
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - E. Yokoyama-Rebollar
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - D. Cervantes-Barragán
- grid.502779.e0000 0004 0633 6373Hospital Central Sur de Alta Especialidad, PEMEX, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - A. Pedraza-Meléndez
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - L. Orozco
- grid.452651.10000 0004 0627 7633Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica SS, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - P. Pérez-Vera
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
| | - C. Salas-Labadía
- grid.419216.90000 0004 1773 4473Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de Mexico, 04530 México
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Waters PD, Ruiz-Herrera A. O-095 The persistent Y hypothesis. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac104.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The Y chromosome has been touted as a wimpy relic of the X, with its survival dependent on a few critical functions in spermatogenesis and sex determination, the loss of which would signal its demise. Why then has it survived since its origin (∼165 MYA) in all but a handful of therian mammal species? This is in stark contrast to the high turnover of sex chromosomes observed in other vertebrate linages, so the mammal Y turns out to be an exception of persistence, rather than the rule. Here we propose a novel explanation for such perseverance. The Y chromosome bears so-called ‘executioner genes’ that are critical for successful meiotic progression. Their expression is required to initiate meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, but then must be subject to this very silencing they induce to ensure germ cell survival. Whenexecutioners are translocated to an autosome they escape meiotic silencing and, being pachytene-lethal, cease meiosis. Therefore, these meiotic executioners act as their own judge, jury and executioner, posing strong evolutionary constraint for the Y chromosome to persist in eutherian mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Waters
- UNSW Sydney, School of BABS, Sydney , Australia
| | - A Ruiz-Herrera
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Biologia Cel·lular- Fisiologia i Immunologia , Barcelona, Spain
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Salas-Labadía C, Gómez-Carmona S, Cruz-Alcívar R, Martínez-Anaya D, Del Castillo-Ruiz V, Durán-McKinster C, Ulloa-Avilés V, Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Ruiz-Herrera A, Navarrete-Meneses P, Lieberman-Hernández E, González-Del Angel A, Cervantes-Barragán D, Villarroel-Cortés C, Reyes-León A, Suárez-Pérez D, Pedraza-Meléndez A, González-Orsuna A, Pérez-Vera P. Genetic and clinical characterization of 73 Pigmentary Mosaicism patients: revealing the genetic basis of clinical manifestations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:259. [PMID: 31730496 PMCID: PMC6858688 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmentary mosaicism constitutes a heterogeneous group of skin pigmentation alterations associated with multisystem involvement. The aim of this study was to establish a complete cytogenetic and molecular characterization of PM patients, emphasizing on searching for possible low chromosomal mosaicism and on establishing an accurate genotype-phenotype correlation. RESULTS A total of 73 patients were included (3 months to 18 years of age), 52% male and 48% female. Observed in 69 (95%) patients, the most frequent pattern of pigmentation was fine and whorled BL, which was associated with disseminated skin extent in 41 (59%) patients. Central nervous system (84%) alterations were the most frequent observed in the group of patients, followed by the musculoskeletal (53%) and ophthalmologic (27%) alterations. Considering the pattern of pigmentation, no significant differences in association with skin extent or extracutaneous manifestations were detected. Following a strict cytogenetic analysis strategy, screening metaphases from three different tissues (peripheral blood, hyperpigmented and hypopigmented skin) we found that 23/73 patients had chromosomal abnormalities classified as follows: 1) Mosaic with 2 or more different cell lines with structural alterations n = 19; 2) Polyploidy (mosaic) n = 1 and 3) Alterations in all cells in three different tissues n = 3. SNP array, array CGH and FISH were useful for the complete characterization of the chromosomal aberrations, for the detection of microdeletions in patients with normal karyotype but with strong clinical suspicious of chromosomal alteration, and for a better establishment of genotype-phenotype correlation. In 2 patients we found genes associated with some of the extracutaneous manifestations (SHH, MNX1, PPP2R2C). CONCLUSIONS This group of 73 patients finely described is the largest series of patients with pigmentary mosaicism reported worldwide. As we showed in this study, the followed analysis strategy allowed the detection of cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, and made possible the establishment of genotype-phenotype associations in some patients. An important limitation of our study was the analysis of fibroblasts cultures instead of melanocytes and keratinocytes. In some cases the direct molecular DNA analysis of skin biopsy could be another choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Salas-Labadía
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Gómez-Carmona
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Centro de Rehabilitación e Inclusión Infantil Teletón, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.,Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - R Cruz-Alcívar
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Citogenética, Genos Médica, Centro Especializado en Genética, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - D Martínez-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V Del Castillo-Ruiz
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C Durán-McKinster
- Departamento de Dermatología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - V Ulloa-Avilés
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Yokoyama-Rebollar
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Ruiz-Herrera
- Hospital de Especialidades Pediátrico de León, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - E Lieberman-Hernández
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A González-Del Angel
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - C Villarroel-Cortés
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Reyes-León
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - D Suárez-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A Pedraza-Meléndez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - A González-Orsuna
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - P Pérez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, 04530, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Sánchez-Guillén RA, Capilla L, Reig-Viader R, Martínez-Plana M, Pardo-Camacho C, Andrés-Nieto M, Ventura J, Ruiz-Herrera A. On the origin of Robertsonian fusions in nature: evidence of telomere shortening in wild house mice. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:241-9. [PMID: 25491286 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of telomere shortening to explain the occurrence of Robertsonian (Rb) fusions, as well as the importance of the average telomere length vs. the proportion of short telomeres, especially in nature populations, is largely unexplored. In this study, we have analysed telomere shortening in nine wild house mice from the Barcelona Rb system with diploid numbers ranging from 29 to 40 chromosomes. We also included two standard (2n=40) laboratory mice for comparison. Our data showed that the average telomere length (considering all chromosomal arms) is influenced by both the diploid number and the origin of the mice (wild vs. laboratory). In detail, we detected that wild mice from the Rb Barcelona system (fused and standard) present shorter telomeres than standard laboratory mice. However, only wild mice with Rb fusions showed a high proportion of short telomeres (only in p-arms), thus revealing the importance of telomere shortening in the origin of the Rb fusions in the Barcelona system. Overall, our study confirms that the number of critically short telomeres, and not a simple reduction in the average telomere length, is more likely to lead to the origin of Rb fusions in the Barcelona system and ultimately in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sánchez-Guillén
- Genome Integrity and Instability Group, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Reig-Viader R, Brieno-Enriquez MA, Khouriauli L, Toran N, Cabero L, Giulotto E, Garcia-Caldes M, Ruiz-Herrera A. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA and telomerase in human fetal oocytes. Hum Reprod 2012; 28:414-22. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Engman M, Bystrom B, Varghese S, Lalitkumar PGL, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Romeu C, Urries A, Lierta M, Sanchez Rubio J, Sanz B, Perez I, Casis L, Salerno A, Nazzaro A, Di Iorio L, Bonassisa P, Van Os L, Vink-Ranti CQJ, de Haan-Cramer JH, Rijnders PM, Jansen CAM, Nazzaro A, Salerno A, Marino S, Granato C, Pastore E, Brandes M, Hamilton CJCM, de Bruin JP, Bots RSGM, Nelen WLDM, Kremer JAM, Szkodziak P, Wozniak S, Czuczwar P, Paszkowski T, Wozniak S, Szkodziak P, Czuczwar P, Paszkowski T, Agirregoitia N, Peralta L, Mendoza R, Exposito A, Matorras R, Agirregoitia E, Chuderland D, Ben-Ami I, Kaplan-Kraicer R, Grossman H, Satchi- Fainaro R, Eldar-Boock A, Ron-El R, Shalgi R, Custers IM, Scholten I, Moolenaar LM, Flierman PA, Dessel TJHM, Gerards MH, Cox T, Janssen CAH, van der Veen F, Mol BWJ, Wathlet S, Adriaenssens T, Verheyen G, Coucke W, Smitz J, Feliciani E, Ferraretti AP, Paesano C, Pellizzaro E, Magli MC, Gianaroli L, Hernandez J, Rodriguez-Fuentes A, Garcia-Guzman R, Palumbo A, Radunovic N, Tosic T, Djukic S, Lockwood JC, Adriaenssens T, Wathlet S, Van Landuyt L, Verheyen G, Coucke W, Smitz J, Karayalcin R, Ozcan SARP, Ozyer S, Gurlek B, Kale I, Moraloglu O, Batioglu S, Chaudhury K, Narendra Babu K, Mamata Joshi V, Srivastava S, Chakravarty BN, Viardot-Foucault V, Prasath EB, Tai BC, Chan JKY, Loh SF, Cordeiro I, Leal F, Soares AP, Nunes J, Sousa S, Aguiar A, Carvalho M, Calhaz-Jorge C, Karkanaki A, Piouk A, Katsikis I, Mousatat T, Koiou E, Daskalopoulos GN, Panidis D, Tolikas A, Tsakos E, Gerou S, Prapas Y, Loufopoulos A, Abanto E, Barrenetxea G, Agirregoikoa J, Anarte C, De Pablo JL, Burgos J, Komarovsky D, Friedler S, Gidoni Y, Ben-ami I, Strassburger D, Bern O, Kasterstein E E, Komsky A, Maslansky B, Ron-El R, Raziel A, Fuentes A, Argandona F, Gabler F, Galleguillos A, Torres A, Palomino WA, Gonzalez-Fernandez R, Pena O, Hernandez J, Palumbo A, Avila J, Talebi Chahvar S, Biondini V, Battistoni S, Giannubilo S, Tranquilli AL, Stensen MH, Tanbo T, Storeng R, Abyholm T, Fedorcsak P, Johnson SR, Foster L, Ellis J, Choi JR, Joo JK, Son JB, Lee KS, Helmgaard L, Klein BM, Arce JC, Sanhueza P, Donoso P, Salinas R, Enriquez R, Saez V, Carrasco I, Rios M, Gonzalez P, Macklon N, Guo M, Richardson M, Wilson P, Chian RC, Eapen A, Hrehorcak M, Campbell S, Nargund G, Oron G, Fisch B, Ao A, Freidman O, Zhang XY, Ben-Haroush A, Abir R, Hantisteanu S, Ellenbogen A, Hallak M, Michaeli M, Fainaru O, Maman E, Yong G, Kedem A, Yeruahlmi G, Konopnicki S, Cohen B, Dor J, Hourvitz A, Moshin V, Croitor M, Hotineanu A, Ciorap Z, Rasohin E, Aleyasin A, Agha Hosseini M, Mahdavi A, Safdarian L, Fallahi P, Mohajeri MR, Abbasi M, Esfahani F, Elnashar A, Badawy A, Totongy M, Mohamed H, Mustafa F, Seidman DS, Tadir Y, Goldchmit C, Gilboa Y, Siton A, Mashiach R, Rabinovici J, Yerushalmi GM, Inoue O, Kuji N, Fukunaga T, Ogawa S, Sugawara K, Yamada M, Hamatani T, Hanabusa H, Yoshimura Y, Kato S, Casarini L, La Marca A, Lispi M, Longobardi S, Pignatti E, Simoni M, Halpern G, Braga DPAF, Figueira RCS, Setti AS, Iaconelli Jr. A, Borges Jr. E, Vingris L, Setti AS, Braga DPAF, Figueira RCS, Iaconelli Jr. A, Pasqualotto FF, Borges Jr. E, Collado-Fernandez E, Harris SE, Cotterill M, Elder K, Picton HM, Serra V, Garrido N, Casanova C, Lara C, Remohi J, Bellver J, Steiner HP, Kim CH, You RM, Nah HY, Kang HJ, Kim S, Chae HD, Kang BM, Reig Viader R, Brieno Enriquez MA, Toran N, Cabero L, Giulotto E, Garcia Caldes M, Ruiz-Herrera A, Brieno-Enriquez M, Reig-Viader R, Toran N, Cabero L, Martinez F, Garcia-Caldes M, Velthut A, Zilmer M, Zilmer K, Haller T. Kaart E, Karro H, Salumets A, Bromfield JJ, Sheldon IM, Rezacova J, Madar J, Cuchalova L, Fiserova A, Shao R, Billig H. POSTER VIEWING SESSION - FEMALE (IN) FERTILITY. Hum Reprod 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/26.s1.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Ruiz-Herrera A, Nergadze SG, Santagostino M, Giulotto E. Telomeric repeats far from the ends: mechanisms of origin and role in evolution. Cytogenet Genome Res 2009; 122:219-28. [PMID: 19188690 DOI: 10.1159/000167807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their location at terminal positions, telomeric-like repeats are also present at internal sites of the chromosomes (intrachromosomal or interstitial telomeric sequences, ITSs). According to their sequence organization and genomic location, two different kinds of ITSs can be identified: (1) heterochromatic ITSs (het-ITSs), large (up to hundreds of kb) stretches of telomeric-like DNA localized mainly at centromeres, and (2) short ITSs (s-ITSs), short stretches of telomeric hexamers distributed at internal sites of the chromosomes. Het-ITSs have been only described in some vertebrate species and they probably represent the remnants of evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. On the contrary, s-ITSs are probably present in all mammalian genomes although they have been described in detail only in some completely sequenced genomes. Sequence database analysis revealed the presence of 83, 79, 244 and 250 such s-ITSs in the human, chimpanzee, mouse and rat genomes, respectively. Analysis of the flanking sequences suggested that s-ITSs were inserted during the repair of DNA double-strand breaks that occurred in the course of evolution. An extensive comparative analysis of the s-ITS loci and their orthologous 'empty' loci confirmed this hypothesis and suggested that the repair event involved the direct action of telomerase. Whereas het-ITSs seem to be intrinsically prone to breakage, the instability of s-ITSs is more controversial. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that s-ITSs are probably not themselves prone to breakage but represent 'scars' of ancient breakage that may have occurred within fragile regions. This study will review the current knowledge on these two types of ITS, their molecular organization, how they arose during evolution, their implications for chromosomal instability and their potential applications as phylogenetic/forensic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Herrera
- Dipartimento di Genetica e Microbiologia, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Ruiz-Herrera A, García F, Giulotto E, Attolini C, Egozcue J, Ponsà M, Garcia M. Evolutionary breakpoints are co-localized with fragile sites and intrachromosomal telomeric sequences in primates. Cytogenet Genome Res 2005; 108:234-47. [PMID: 15545736 DOI: 10.1159/000080822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The concentration of evolutionary breakpoints in primate karyotypes in some particular regions or chromosome bands suggests that these chromosome regions are more prone to breakage. This is the first extensive comparative study which investigates a possible relationship of two genetic markers (intrachromosomal telomeric sequences [TTAGGG]n, [ITSs] and fragile sites [FSs]), which are implicated in the evolutionary process as well as in chromosome rearrangements. For this purpose, we have analyzed: (a) the cytogenetic expression of aphidicolin-induced FSs in Cebus apella and Cebus nigrivittatus (F. Cebidae, Platyrrhini) and Mandrillus sphinx (F. Cercopithecidae, Catarrhini), and (b) the intrachromosomal position of telomeric-like sequences by FISH with a synthetic (TTAGGG)n probe in C. apella chromosomes. The multinomial FSM statistical model allowed us to determinate 53 FSs in C. apella, 16 FSs in C. nigrivittatus and 50 FSs in M. sphinx. As expected, all telomeres hybridized with the probe, and 55 intrachromosomal loci were also detected in the Cebus apella karyotype. The chi(2) test indicates that the coincidence of the location of Cebus and Mandrillus FSs with the location of human FSs is significant (P < 0.005). Based on a comparative cytogenetic study among different primate species we have identified (or described) the chromosome bands in the karyotypes of Papionini and Cebus species implicated in evolutionary reorganizations. More than 80% of these evolutionary breakpoints are located in chromosome bands that express FSs and/or contain ITSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Herrera
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Ruiz-Herrera A, García F, Mora L, Egozcue J, Ponsà M, Garcia M. Evolutionary conserved chromosomal segments in the human karyotype are bounded by unstable chromosome bands. Cytogenet Genome Res 2004; 108:161-74. [PMID: 15545726 DOI: 10.1159/000080812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 04/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper an ancestral karyotype for primates, defining for the first time the ancestral chromosome morphology and the banding patterns, is proposed, and the ancestral syntenic chromosomal segments are identified in the human karyotype. The chromosomal bands that are boundaries of ancestral segments are identified. We have analyzed from data published in the literature 35 different primate species from 19 genera, using the order Scandentia, as well as other published mammalian species as out-groups, and propose an ancestral chromosome number of 2n = 54 for primates, which includes the following chromosomal forms: 1(a+c(1)), 1(b+c(2)), 2a, 2b, 3/21, 4, 5, 6, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, 10a, 10b, 11, 12a/22a, 12b/22b, 13, 14/15, 16a, 16b, 17, 18, 19a, 19b, 20 and X and Y. From this analysis, we have been able to point out the human chromosome bands more "prone" to breakage during the evolutionary pathways and/or pathology processes. We have observed that 89.09% of the human chromosome bands, which are boundaries for ancestral chromosome segments, contain common fragile sites and/or intrachromosomal telomeric-like sequences. A more in depth analysis of twelve different human chromosomes has allowed us to determine that 62.16% of the chromosomal bands implicated in inversions and 100% involved in fusions/fissions correspond to fragile sites, intrachromosomal telomeric-like sequences and/or bands significantly affected by X irradiation. In addition, 73% of the bands affected in pathological processes are co-localized in bands where fragile sites, intrachromosomal telomeric-like sequences, bands significantly affected by X irradiation and/or evolutionary chromosomal bands have been described. Our data also support the hypothesis that chromosomal breakages detected in pathological processes are not randomly distributed along the chromosomes, but rather concentrate in those important evolutionary chromosome bands which correspond to fragile sites and/or intrachromosomal telomeric-like sequences.
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MESH Headings
- Alouatta/genetics
- Animals
- Cebidae/genetics
- Cebus/genetics
- Cercopithecidae/genetics
- Chromosomal Instability/genetics
- Chromosome Banding/methods
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7/genetics
- Chromosomes, Mammalian/genetics
- Conserved Sequence/genetics
- Evolution, Molecular
- Gorilla gorilla/genetics
- Humans
- Karyotyping
- Pan troglodytes/genetics
- Pongo pygmaeus/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Herrera
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Ruiz-Herrera A, Ponsà M, García F, Egozcue J, García M. Fragile sites in human and Macaca fascicularis chromosomes are breakpoints in chromosome evolution. Chromosome Res 2002; 10:33-44. [PMID: 11863068 DOI: 10.1023/a:1014261909613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have analysed the expression of aphidicolin-induced common fragile sites at two different aphidicolin concentrations (0.1 micromol/L and 0.2 micromol/L) in three female and one male crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis, Cercopithecidae, Catarrhini). A total of 3948 metaphases were analysed: 1754 in cultures exposed to 0.1 micromol/L aphidicolin, 1261 in cultures exposed to 0.2 micromol/L aphidicolin and 933 in controls. The number of breaks and gaps detected ranged from 439 in cultures exposed to 0.1 micromol/L aphidicolin to 2061 in cultures exposed to 0.2 micromol/L aphidicolin. The use of a multinomial FSM statistical model allowed us to identify 95 fragile sites in the chromosomes of M. fascicularis, of which only 16 are expressed in all four specimens. A comparative study between the chromosomes of M. fascicularis and man has demonstrated that 38 human common fragile sites (50%) are found in the equivalent location in M. fascicularis. The analysis of the rearrangements that have taken place during chromosome evolution has revealed that the breakpoints involved in these rearrangements correspond significantly (p < 0.025) to the location of M. fascicularis fragile sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Herrera
- Department de Biologia Cel.lular i Fisiologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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García F, Ruiz-Herrera A, Egozcue J, Ponsà M, Garcia M. Chromosomal homologies between Cebus and Ateles (primates) based on ZOO-FISH and G-banding comparisons. Am J Primatol 2002; 57:177-88. [PMID: 12210670 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.10047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
ZOO-FISH (Fluorescent "in vitro" hybridization) was used to establish the chromosomal homology between humans (HSA) and Cebus nigrivitatus (CNI) and Ateles belzebuth hybridus (ABH). These two species belong to different New World monkey families (Cebidae and Atelidae, respectively) which differ greatly in chromosome number and in chromosome morphology. The molecular results were followed by a detailed banding analysis. The ancestral karyotype of Cebus was then determined by a comparison of in situ hybridization results, as well as chromosomal morphology and banding in other Platyrrhini species. The karyotypes of the four species belonging to the genus Cebus differ from each other by three inversions and one fusion as well as in the location and amounts of heterochromatin. Results obtained by ZOO-FISH in ABH are in general agreement with previous gene-mapping and in situ hybridization data in Ateles, which show that spider monkeys have highly derived genomes. The chromosomal rearrangements detected between HSA and ABH on a band-to-band basis were 27 fusions/fissions, 12 centromeric shifts, and six pericentric inversions. The ancestral karyotype of Cebus was then compared with that of Ateles. The rearrangements detected were 20 fusions/fissions, nine centromeric shifts, and five inversions. Atelidae species are linked by a fragmentation of chromosome 4 into three segments forming an association of 4/15, while Ateles species are linked by 13 derived associations. The results also helped clarify the content of the ancestral platyrrhine karyotype and the mode of chromosomal evolution in these primates. In particular, associations 2/16 and 5/7 should be included in the ancestral karyotype of New World monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- F García
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Barcelona, Spain
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Ruiz-Herrera A, García F, Azzalin C, Giulotto E, Egozcue J, Ponsà M, Garcia M. Distribution of intrachromosomal telomeric sequences (ITS) on Macaca fascicularis (Primates) chromosomes and their implication for chromosome evolution. Hum Genet 2002; 110:578-86. [PMID: 12107444 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2001] [Accepted: 03/13/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The intrachromosomal location of the telomeric sequence in the crab-eating macaque, Macaca fascicularis (F. Cercopithecidae, Catarrhini) has been analysed by fluorescent in situ hybridisation with a long synthetic (TTAGGG)(n) probe. A total of 237 metaphases was analysed. As expected, all telomeres hybridised with the probe and 90 intrachromosomal loci with different hybridisation frequencies were also detected. The chromosomal location of interstitial telomeric sequences in M. fascicularis and in Homo sapiens was then compared, 37 sites (41.11%) being found to be conserved. Some of these sequences can be derived from rearrangements, such as inversions (MFA13q23) or fusions (MFA2p13 and MFA13p12), that have taken place during karyotype evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruiz-Herrera
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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García F, Nogués C, Ponsà M, Ruiz-Herrera A, Egozcue J, Garcia Caldés M. Chromosomal homologies between humans and Cebus apella (Primates) revealed by ZOO-FISH. Mamm Genome 2000; 11:399-401. [PMID: 10790541 DOI: 10.1007/s003350010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F García
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular i Fisiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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