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Cova BO, Santos RF, Dias-Lima AG, Monte-Alegre AF, Schriefer A. Revisiting the Phlebotominae subfamily records in Bahia, Brazil. Med Vet Entomol 2021; 35:400-407. [PMID: 33524182 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is one of the countries that concentrates 90% of all tegumentary and visceral leishmaniases cases and Bahia is one of the highly affected states. In the present report, we consolidated secondary data from several complementary databases that allowed us to record the sand fly species identified including areas of Leishmania spp. transmission in the state of Bahia. We then overlayed the geographical distribution data onto maps of vegetational aspects found across the state. Overall, 21 602 records of phlebotomine sand flies occurrence between 1949 and 2016 were analysed, encompassing 85% of Bahia's municipalities. Seventy-six sand fly species under 17 genera were enlisted. Among described species, 27 were proven or putative Leishmania spp. vectors and three were considered exclusively endemic in the state. Lutzomyia longipalpis, Nyssomyia intermedia and Nyssomyia whitmani were found in 74, 29 and 27% of municipalities, respectively. Salvador, the state capital and major city presented records for 21 different sand fly species, including known vectors for leishmaniasis. In particular, a wide distribution of Evandromyia sallesi was detected for this city. This consolidated account on phebotomine fauna and distribution may be explored for improving the planning and deployment of vector-focused leishmaniasis control measures in affected areas of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Cova
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - R F Santos
- Núcleo de Entomologia do Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública da Bahia (LACEN/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A G Dias-Lima
- Coleção Entomológica Mangabeira & Sherlock, Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A F Monte-Alegre
- Laboratório de Insetos Hematófagos, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS), UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - A Schriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia - Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, ICS, UFBA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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2
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Porcu P, Haverkos B, Brem E, Vallurupalli A, Feldman T, Alpdogan O, Brammer J, Bryan L, Barta S, Schriefer A, Obrzut S, Shen H, Rochford R, Baiocchi R, Casper C, Gutheil J, Melink T, Kearns C, Burner D, McRae R, Daniels P, Warren M, Woody J, Royston I, Faller D. A PHASE 1B/2 STUDY OF ORAL NANATINOSTAT (N) AND VALGANCICLOVIR (VG) IN SUBJECTS WITH EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOMAS. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.148_2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Porcu
- Medical Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia United States
| | - B. Haverkos
- Hematology; University of Colorado School of Medicine; Aurora United States
| | - E. Brem
- Hematology/Oncology; University of California Irvine; Orange United States
| | - A. Vallurupalli
- Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics; University of Kansas Medical Center; Kansas City United States
| | - T. Feldman
- Hematology & Oncology; John Theurer Cancer Center; Hackensack United States
| | - O. Alpdogan
- Medical Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Thomas Jefferson University; Philadelphia United States
| | - J. Brammer
- Hematology; Ohio State University; Columbus United States
| | - L.J. Bryan
- Oncology; Augusta University; Augusta United States
| | - S. Barta
- Hematology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia United States
| | - A. Schriefer
- Oncologia; Clinica Cehon; Canela Salvador Brazil
| | - S. Obrzut
- Radiology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla United States
| | - H. Shen
- Microbiology; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia United States
| | - R. Rochford
- Immunology & Microbiology; University of Colorado; Aurora United States
| | - R. Baiocchi
- Hematology; Ohio State University; Columbus United States
| | - C. Casper
- Research; Infectious Disease Research Institute; Seattle United States
| | - J. Gutheil
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - T. Melink
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - C. Kearns
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - D. Burner
- SciQuus Oncology Inc; La Jolla United States
| | - R. McRae
- Viracta Therapeutics; Cardiff United States
| | - P. Daniels
- Viracta Therapeutics; Cardiff United States
| | | | - J. Woody
- Latterell Venture Partners; San Francisco United States
| | - I. Royston
- Viracta Therapeutics; Cardiff United States
| | - D. Faller
- Hematology & Medical Oncology; Boston University School of Medicine; Boston United States
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da Silveira EO, da Costa Salina TD, Aguiar RDAL, Schriefer A, Fraiji NA. Severe and late complication of central venous catheters in a patient with haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e135-e137. [PMID: 28181339 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E O da Silveira
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (FHEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - T D da Costa Salina
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (FHEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - R D A L Aguiar
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (FHEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Manaus, AM
| | - A Schriefer
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (FHEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - N A Fraiji
- Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (FHEMOAM), Manaus, AM, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
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Portela CN, Schriefer A, Albuquerque SRL, Perdomo RT, Parente AFA, Weber SS. The human platelet alloantigen profile in blood donors from Amazonas, Brazil. Transfus Med 2016; 26:448-456. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Portela
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas e Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - A. Schriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia; Departamento de Ciências da Biointeração, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde; Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais; Salvador Brazil
| | - S. R. L. Albuquerque
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas e Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunohematologia Molecular; Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - R. T. Perdomo
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; Campo Grande Brazil
| | - A. F. A. Parente
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus Brazil
| | - S. S. Weber
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Itacoatiara Brazil
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Novoa R, Bacellar O, Nascimento M, Cardoso TM, Ramasawmy R, Oliveira WN, Schriefer A, Carvalho EM. IL-17 and Regulatory Cytokines (IL-10 and IL-27) in L. braziliensis Infection. Parasite Immunol 2011; 33:132-6. [PMID: 21226726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and development of pathology. Individuals with subclinical L. braziliensis infection (SC) have a positive skin test to leishmania, but do not develop disease. We evaluated whether the downregulation of inflammatory response in SC is mediated by IL-10 and IL-27 and whether IL-17 is associated with control of infection. Participants include SC individuals, patients with CL and healthy subjects. Cytokines protein and mRNA were detected by ELISA and real-time PCR. IFN-γ and TNF-α levels were higher in CL than in SC group. The IL-10 levels and mRNA for IL-10 were similar in both SC and CL. mRNA for IL-27 was increased in cells from SC after stimulation with L. braziliensis antigen. There was a tendency for increased levels of IL-17 in SC compared to CL. The weak type 1 immune response observed in SC L. braziliensis infection is not because of the regulatory effects of IL-10 and IL-27. The control of Leishmania infection may be mediated by innate immune response with participation of IL-17. The results from this pilot study warrant further larger studies to investigate the potential contributions of IL-17 and IL-27 to the control of L. braziliensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Novoa
- Serviço de Imunologia, Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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6
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Nascimento MCF, Primo J, Bittencourt A, Siqueira I, de Fátima Oliveira M, Meyer R, Schriefer A, Santos SB, Carvalho EM. Infective dermatitis has similar immunological features to human T lymphotropic virus-type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 156:455-62. [PMID: 19438598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causal agent of the HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma and infective dermatitis associated with HTLV-1 (IDH). Over-production of proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in HTLV-1 proviral load are features of HAM/TSP, but the immunological basis of IDH has not been established. In addition to severe cutaneous manifestations, the importance of IDH relies on the observation that up to 30% of children with IDH develop HAM/TSP in childhood and adolescence. In this study we determined the immune response in patients with IDH measuring interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels as well as the HTLV-1 proviral load. Additionally, regulatory cytokines and anti-cytokines were added to cultures to evaluate the ability of these molecules to down-modulate TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma synthesis. HTLV-1 carriers and patients with HAM/TSP served as controls. TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma levels were higher in IDH than in HTLV-1 carriers. There was no difference in IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha concentrations in IDH and HAM/TSP patients. There was a tendency for higher IL-4 mRNA expression and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in IDH than in HTLV-1 carriers, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The HTLV-1 proviral load was significantly higher in IDH patients than in HTLV-1 carriers. IDH is characterized by an exaggerated Th1 immune response and high HTLV-1 proviral load. The similarities between the immunological response in patients with IDH and HAM/TSP and the high proviral load observed in IDH provide support that IDH is a risk factor for development of HAM/TSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C F Nascimento
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Melo AR, Lasunskaia EB, de Almeida CMC, Schriefer A, Kipnis TL, Dias da Silva W. Expression of the virulence factor, BfpA, by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is essential for apoptosis signalling but not for NF-kappaB activation in host cells. Scand J Immunol 2005; 61:511-9. [PMID: 15963045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2005.01626.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Localized adherence (LA) of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) to epithelial cells results in attaching and effacing of the surface of these cells. LA depends on the gene bfpA, which codes for the BfpA protein. We found that EPEC-E. coli adherence factor (EAF)((+)), expressing BfpA, significantly reduced HeLa cell viability in comparison with EPEC-EAF((-)), as evaluated by the mitochondrial-dependent succinate dehydrogenase conversion of 3'-[4,5,-dimethylthiazol-2yl]2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) to its formazan. Apoptosis accounts for a substantial loss of the cell viability, because the cells incubated with EPEC-EAF((+)) or with cloned BfpA (data not shown), but not with EPEC-EAF((-)), were positive for annexin-V binding, demonstrated chromatin condensation and nuclei fragmentation and exhibited a high level of caspase-3 activity. Because the blockade of bacterial cell-surface-associated BfpA by anti-BfpA immunoglobulin (Ig)Y antibody suppressed apoptotic death induced by EPEC-EAF((+)), BfpA may be the trigger for apoptosis. Both EPEC-EAF((+)) and EPEC-EAF((-)), as well as recombinant BfpA (data not shown), activated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in a similar manner as analysed by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). EMSA supershift analysis demonstrated the presence of p65/RelA in a DNA-binding complex. In contrast to DNA binding, NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene transactivation was stimulated more strongly by EPEC B171/EAF((+)), suggesting a role for this virulence factor in the regulation of transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB. Because suppression of NF-kappaB activation by BAY11-7085, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, neither induced apoptosis by itself nor blocked apoptosis induction by EPEC-EAF((+)), it may be suggested that apoptosis is not regulated by the NF-kappaB pathway in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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8
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Araujo M, Figueiredo J, Oliveira R, Almeida M, Alcantara L, Hoppe B, Schriefer A, Carvalho E, Medeiros M. Immune response in asthma: Down modulation by Schistosoma mansoni infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.12.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nascimento ALTO, Ko AI, Martins EAL, Monteiro-Vitorello CB, Ho PL, Haake DA, Verjovski-Almeida S, Hartskeerl RA, Marques MV, Oliveira MC, Menck CFM, Leite LCC, Carrer H, Coutinho LL, Degrave WM, Dellagostin OA, El-Dorry H, Ferro ES, Ferro MIT, Furlan LR, Gamberini M, Giglioti EA, Góes-Neto A, Goldman GH, Goldman MHS, Harakava R, Jerônimo SMB, Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Kimura ET, Kuramae EE, Lemos EGM, Lemos MVF, Marino CL, Nunes LR, de Oliveira RC, Pereira GG, Reis MS, Schriefer A, Siqueira WJ, Sommer P, Tsai SM, Simpson AJG, Ferro JA, Camargo LEA, Kitajima JP, Setubal JC, Van Sluys MA. Comparative genomics of two Leptospira interrogans serovars reveals novel insights into physiology and pathogenesis. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:2164-72. [PMID: 15028702 PMCID: PMC374407 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.7.2164-2172.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in accidental hosts, including humans. Complete genome sequencing of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni and comparative analysis with the available Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai genome reveal that despite overall genetic similarity there are significant structural differences, including a large chromosomal inversion and extensive variation in the number and distribution of insertion sequence elements. Genome sequence analysis elucidates many of the novel aspects of leptospiral physiology relating to energy metabolism, oxygen tolerance, two-component signal transduction systems, and mechanisms of pathogenesis. A broad array of transcriptional regulation proteins and two new families of afimbrial adhesins which contribute to host tissue colonization in the early steps of infection were identified. Differences in genes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide O side chains between the Copenhageni and Lai serovars were identified, offering an important starting point for the elucidation of the organism's complex polysaccharide surface antigens. Differences in adhesins and in lipopolysaccharide might be associated with the adaptation of serovars Copenhageni and Lai to different animal hosts. Hundreds of genes encoding surface-exposed lipoproteins and transmembrane outer membrane proteins were identified as candidates for development of vaccines for the prevention of leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L T O Nascimento
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Schriefer A, Schriefer ALF, Góes-Neto A, Guimarães LH, Carvalho LP, Almeida RP, Machado PR, Lessa HA, de Jesus AR, Riley LW, Carvalho EM. Multiclonal Leishmania braziliensis population structure and its clinical implication in a region of endemicity for American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Infect Immun 2004; 72:508-14. [PMID: 14688132 PMCID: PMC343999 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.1.508-514.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Corte de Pedra (CP), northeastern Brazil, Leishmania braziliensis causes three distinct forms of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). To test the hypothesis that strain polymorphism may be involved in this disease spectrum and accurately characterize the parasite population structure in CP, we compared one L. major, two non-CP L. braziliensis, one CP L. amazonensis, and 45 CP L. braziliensis isolates, obtained over a 10-year period from localized cutaneous, mucosal, and disseminated leishmaniasis patients, with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Electrophoretic profiles were mostly unique across species. All typing protocols revealed polymorphism among the 45 CP L. braziliensis isolates, which displayed eight different RAPD patterns and greater than 80% overall fingerprint identity, attesting to the adequacy of the tools to assess strain variability in CP's geographically limited population of parasites. The dendrogram based on the sum of RAPD profiles of each isolate unveiled nine discrete typing units clustered into five clades. Global positioning showed extensive overlap of these clades in CP, precluding geographic sequestration as the mechanism of the observed structuralization. Finally, all forms of ATL presented a statistically significant difference in their frequencies among the clades, suggesting that L. braziliensis genotypes may be accompanied by specific disease manifestation after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Salvador/Bahia, Brazil.
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11
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de Almeida CMC, Quintana-Flores VM, Medina-Acosta E, Schriefer A, Barral-Netto M, Dias da Silva W. Egg yolk anti-BfpA antibodies as a tool for recognizing and identifying enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Scand J Immunol 2003; 57:573-82. [PMID: 12791096 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major aetiological agent of childhood diarrhoea in developing countries. The structural repeating protein A subunit, BfpA, found in the bundle-forming pilus, is one of the virulent factors for EPEC pathogenesis. Recombinant BfpA in laying hens elicited sustained and vigorous antibody production. Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) anti-BfpA antibodies were recovered from egg yolk, purified and characterized. Immunoadsorption with whole extracts of the isogenic E. coli EPEC adherence factor (EAF) strain that lacks BfpA rendered the resulting IgY preparations capable of: (a) recognizing purified or recombinant BfpA proteins in a dose-dependent fashion; (b) blocking the colonization of HeLa cells by EPEC EAF+, in vitro; (c) specifically identifying E. coli bearing EAF+; and (d) inhibiting the growth of E. coli EAF+ but not the EAF strain. IgY anti-BfpA is potentially useful as a specific, low-cost immunobiological reagent to screen human faecal specimens for the presence of EPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M C de Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia do Reconhecer, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense-Darci Ribeiro-UENF, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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12
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Schriefer A, Maltez JR, Silva N, Stoeckle MY, Barral-Netto M, Riley LW. Expression of a pilin subunit BfpA of the bundle-forming pilus of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in an aroA live salmonella vaccine strain. Vaccine 1999; 17:770-8. [PMID: 10067682 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(98)00261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries and is a leading cause of severe diarrheal illness among Brazilian infants. As one approach to constructing a vaccine candidate against diarrhea caused by EPEC, we evaluated whether the pilin subunit (BfpA) of the bundle-forming pilus (BFP) could be expressed by a live Salmonella vaccine strain. Several copies of the coding region of BfpA (bfpA) were amplified by PCR from a preparation of the EAF plasmid of EPEC strain B171 and cloned into plasmid vectors. An intact copy of bfpA was subcloned into the heat inducible prokaryotic expression vector pCYTEXP1, and the resulting pBfpA was used to transform the aroA S. typhimurium strain SL3261, generating SL3261(pBfpA). The recombinant vaccine strain was able to express, but not to process, rBfpA as evidenced by a prominent 21 kDa protein that crossreacted with anti-BFP antiserum found only in extracts of heat-treated SL3261(pBfpA), but not in strains of untreated SL3261(pBfpA) or SL3261 not carrying the plasmid. Furthermore, rBfpA accumulation was not toxic to the Salmonella host, as evidenced by similar plating efficiencies between induced and uninduced strains of SL3261(pBfpA). Finally, SL3261(pBfpA) orally administered to BALB/c mice was capable of eliciting a sustained and vigorous humoral immune response to BfpA, achievable even with a single oral dose of approximately 10(9) organisms. Therefore, this pilin product may serve as a potential immunogen as part of a live combined vaccine strategy to prevent two of the major public health problems in Brazil--salmonellosis and EPEC childhood diahrrea.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- Antibody Specificity
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/immunology
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Female
- Fimbriae Proteins
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/genetics
- Fimbriae, Bacterial/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Salmonella Vaccines
- Salmonella typhimurium/genetics
- Salmonella typhimurium/immunology
- Transformation, Bacterial
- Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schriefer
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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13
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Grangeiro TB, Schriefer A, Calvete JJ, Raida M, Urbanke C, Barral-Netto M, Cavada BS. Molecular cloning and characterization of ConBr, the lectin of Canavalia brasiliensis seeds. Eur J Biochem 1997; 248:43-8. [PMID: 9310358 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00043.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ConBr, a lectin isolated from Canavalia brasiliensis seeds, shares with other legume plant lectins from the genus Canavalia (Diocleinae subtribe) primary carbohydrate recognition specificity for D-mannose and D-glucose. However, ConBr exerts different biological effects than concanavalin A, the lectin of Canavalia ensiformis seeds, regarding induction of rat paw edema, peritoneal macrophage spreading in mouse, and in vitro human lymphocyte stimulation. The primary structure of ConBr was established by cDNA cloning, amino acid sequencing, and mass spectrometry. The 237-amino-acid sequence of ConBr displays Ser/Thr heterogeneity at position 96, indicating the existence of two isoforms. The mature Canavalia brasiliensis lectin monomer consists of a mixture of predominantly full-length polypeptide (alpha-chain) and a small proportion of fragments 1-118 (beta-chain) and 119-237 (gamma-chain). Although ConBr isolectins and concanavalin A differ only in residues at positions 58, 70, and 96, ConBr monomers associate into dimers and tetramers in a different pH-dependent manner than those of concanavalin A. The occurrence of glycine at position 58 does not allow formation of the hydrogen bond that in the concanavalin A tetramer exists between Asp58 of subunit A and Ser62 of subunit C. The consequence is that the alpha carbons of the corresponding residues in ConBr are 1.5 A closer that in concanavalin A, and ConBr adopts a more open quaternary structure than concanavalin A. Our data support the hypothesis that substitution of amino acids located at the subunit interface of structurally related lectins of the same protein family can lead to different quaternary conformations that may account for their different biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Grangeiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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14
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Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has a fatal course if not properly treated. Recovery from VL is linked to cellular immune response. Unresponsiveness to antimonial therapy reinforces the importance of determining parameters for treatment assessment. We analysed the pre- and post-treatment serum levels of soluble CD4 (sCD4), sCD8, sIL-2R, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and neopterin in groups of VL patients either responsive or not to standard antimonial therapy. Pretreatment serum levels of all markers except for sICAM-1 were significantly higher in VL patients than in healthy subjects from the same area (P < 0.05). sICAM-1 levels were similar in healthy controls and in VL patients refractory to antimonial therapy (P = 0.25), but significantly higher in patients responsive to treatment (P = 0.02). The comparison of pre- and post-treatment concentrations showed that all markers, except sCD4 and sICAM-1, presented a significant fall (P < 0.05) in patients responsive to antimonial therapy. However, only neopterin presented with levels compatible with those of healthy subjects at the end of treatment (P = 0.30). In refractory patients sICAM-1 presented with post-treatment levels significantly higher than the pretreatment determinations (P = 0.03), while sCD4 experienced a significant drop (P = 0.01). All markers displayed clearly distinct behaviour according to the patient's response to therapy. This makes all soluble molecules studied suitable for use as indicators of antimonial therapy response. Additionally the comparison of pretreatment levels of the markers between responders and refractory patients to antimonial therapy showed that serum concentrations of sIL-2R and sICAM-1 significantly differed among these two groups (P = 0.02 in each case), suggesting that they may be used in future as predictors of antimonial therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schriefer
- Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Prof. Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil
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15
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Barral-Netto M, Schriefer A, Barral A, Almeida AR, Mangabeira A. Serum levels of bothropic venom in patients without antivenom intervention. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1991; 45:751-4. [PMID: 1763803 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.1991.45.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum kinetics of bothropic venom were evaluated in eight snakebite patients, who due to a national shortage, received no specific antivenom therapy. The cases were clinically classified as mild, moderate, and severe. Patients were bled sequentially and serum levels of venom were assayed by ELISA. Venom level ranges differed among the groups, with peak levels of less than 13 ng/ml, 32 ng/ml, and 120 ng/ml for the mild, moderate, and severe groups, respectively. There was no clear pattern of kinetics in the groups. Regression analysis involving the variables severity and peak venom levels yielded a statistically significant correlation (rs = 0.80, P less than 0.05). These data indicate that different amounts of circulating venom correlate with clinical severity, even in highly complex venoms, and stress the importance of careful clinical classification in the proper management of bothropic incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barral-Netto
- Servico de Imunologia, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
This study reports an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Bothrops jararaca venom in fluids, employing the sandwich method with biotin/avidin amplification. The assay exhibits high accuracy in correlating optical densities with venom concentrations (r = 0.98), high reproducibility, low background and limited cross-reactivity with venom from other snake genera. Nevertheless, it was unable to distinguish among venoms from different bothropic species. Using this method we evaluated the serum kinetics of Bothrops jararaca venom in C57BL/6 mice. High concentrations were found in serum just 15 min after injection (151 +/- 41 ng/ml; mean +/- S.D.), followed by a progressive fall (102 +/- 46, 74 +/- 39 and 50 +/- 22 ng/ml after 1, 3 and 6 hr respectively), being undetectable by 24 hr. Such serum kinetics indicates a pattern of a rapid absorption of venom from the inoculation site, followed by a slow and progressive drop in its serum levels. This ELISA was a reliable tool in the determination of Bothrops jararaca venom levels in mouse serum, and may become useful in other fields of bothropic venom research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barral-Netto
- Servico de Imunologia, Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador/Bahia/Brasil
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17
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H�holt S, Meyer G, M�seler R, Schriefer A, W�hrle D. Polymerisation of different furanes with Cr(II) surface compounds on silicagel. Polym Bull (Berl) 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00255404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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