Characterization of aluminum nitride thin films by ion beam analysis techniques

AlN thin films have been deposited on silicon substrate by vacuum arc discharge technique at different substrate temperatures. The information regarding depth profiling of AlN thin films has been determined by applying both elastic backscattering (EBS) and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) techniques simultaneously at optimized experimental conditions. Additionally, combined SEM/EDX techniques have been employed to gain further information regarding thickness and composition of the AlN thin films. The Al/N ratio has been determined, while the oxygen content was found to be negligible. The substrate temperature influence on depth profile of AlN thin films as well as densities has been discussed. The advantages of using ion beam analysis techniques have been reviewed.

Elemental characterization of freeze dried domestic animals' milk using ion beam analysis techniques

Particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and particle induced γ-ray emission (PIGE) techniques were employed to perform elemental analysis in four milk samples of local domestic animals, namely sheep, caw, camel and goat. Additionally, Rutherford backscattering (RBS) spectra were acquired simultaneously with PIXE and PIGE to determine matrix elements. Milk samples were prepared in a simple dried base following freeze drying process. Optimization of PIXE/PIGE/RBS experimental conditions as well as data acquisition and analysis procedures were carefully addressed. Verification study was performed relying on the analysis of both IAEA-11 and IAEA-153 reference materials. Accuracies of ±5-10% together with relative standard deviations of less than 15% were mostly reported. Chemical element concentrations of 11 elements were determined, namely Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Zn, Br, Rb and Sr. Obtained element concentration values were mostly in the range 1000-10000 μg/g for major elements and 5-100 μg/g for trace elements. No significant changes in elemental concentration differences for both trace and major elements were noticed in the four different milk samples. The contribution of the elements in these milk samples to the dietary recommended intakes (DRI) has been evaluated. Advantages of applying multiple ion beam analysis techniques have been discussed.

Surgical removal of a dislocated lower third molar from the condyle region: case report

INTRODUCTION

Migration of dislocated lower third molar into the condylar region is quite rare. Attention should be taken to avoid condyle fracture.

METHODS

49-year-old patient had an ectopic lower left third molal in the condylar region, suffered from a submandibular and masseter space abscess. Removal of the molar via intraoral approach was chosen avoiding facial nerve branches and unnecessary scar formation. Coronoid process is removed, the tooth is separated and removed. The defect is filled with iliac cancellous bone. The coronoid process was fixed as a cover with a resorbable plate and screws (BIONX).

RESULTS

Removal via intraoral approach is possible. Hypesthesia existed postoperatively, became normal later.

CONCLUSION

Annual observation is strongly recommended. Intraoral approach is superior to the extraoral approach. Removal of the coronoid process minimizes the masticator forces. Separation of the tooth is essential. Filling the defect with cancellous bone accelerates the healing.