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Tanriverdi O, Yavuzsen T, Turhal S, Kilic D, Yalcin S, Ozkan A, Uzunoglu S, Uysal-Sonmez O, Akman T, Aktas B, Ulger S, Babacan T, Komurcu S, Yaren A, Cay-Senler F. Depression and socio-economical burden are more common in primary caregivers of patients who are not aware of their cancer: TURQUOISE Study by the Palliative Care Working Committee of the Turkish Oncology Group (TOG). Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2015; 25:502-15. [PMID: 25828949 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to determine the personal, social and economic burden and the frequency of depression, as well as in caregivers of cancer patients who are being treated with chemotherapy in Turkey. The study is designed as a cross-sectional survey study using a 5-point Likert-type response scale, and the last part of the questionnaire includes the Beck Depression Inventory. The depression rate was found to be 64% (n = 476) among all subjects (n = 968), with 91% of those with depression demonstrating signs of mild depression. In this study, a significant difference was found between the presence of depression and age (young), sex (female), educational level (high), economic status (low), financial loss during treatment, patient's lack of knowledge about his/her diagnosis, metastatic disease and short survival time. In addition, 64% of all subjects had concerns of getting cancer, and 44% of all subjects had feelings of anger/rage against other people. In a multivariate regression analysis, the patient's lack of knowledge of the diagnosis was the independent risk factor. In conclusion, depression incidence and burden rate increased among cancer caregivers, and care burden was highly associated with depression. Accordingly, approaches to reducing the psycho-social effects of cancer should focus intensively on both the patients and their caregivers in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Tanriverdi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - T Yavuzsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - S Turhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Kilic
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Yalcin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Ozkan
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Uzunoglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - O Uysal-Sonmez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - T Akman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - B Aktas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Ulger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - T Babacan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S Komurcu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bayindir Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Yaren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - F Cay-Senler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Aykan N, Demir G, Disci R, Yalcin S, Turhal NS, Ozdogan M, Ozkan M, Yaren A, Camci C, Akbulut H. Profile of the colorectal (CRC) cancer (Ca) patients (PTS) in Turkey: A cross-sectional disease registry study—A Turkish Oncology Group trial. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.4_suppl.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
394 Background: CRC Ca is one of the most common Ca worldwide. This study was designed to determine the profile of recently diagnosed CRC Ca pts in Turkey. Methods: In this national, multicenter cross-sectional disease registry study, data for 968 pts diagnosed CRC Ca were analyzed. This non-interventional study was supported by sanofi-aventis. Results: From October 2008 to October 2009, 662 colon (68%), 306 rectum (32%) Ca pts were registered from 21 centers in 7 geographic regions of Turkey. Characteristics are as follows. Male 61%, mean age was 60±12 for colon and 57±13 for rectum Ca. The ratio of colon and rectum Ca were equal in the Black Sea region, colon Ca was higher in the other 5 regions except Eastern Anatolia where the highest percentage of rectum Ca was observed (55% vs 45%). Red meat consumption was significantly high only in Eastern Anatolia (p<0.001). The consumption of alcohol, fruit and vegetables didn't show any difference. The percentage of smoking was slightly higher in the rectum Ca group (21% vs 16%, NS). The CRC family history was a risk factor in 7.4% colon, and in 5.6% rectum Ca pts. Among all pts, 1.5% had familial poliposis and only 0.4% had Lynch syndrome. Hypertension (29%) and diabetes mellitus (15%) were the most frequent concomitant diseases. Mean body mass index was 26 ± 4 in colon and 26 ± 5 in rectum Ca pts. Median time between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 3 months (mo) for colon and 4 mo for rectum Ca pts. For 46% of pts this time was longer than 4 mo. The mean weight loss in last 6 mo was slightly higher in colon Ca pts (3.9 vs 3.4 kg). Anemia was more frequent in colon Ca pts (p<0.05). Primary tumor location: sigmoid 37% for colon Ca, distal rectum 61% for rectum Ca. In total, 86% of pts were operated (88% of colon, 80% of rectum Ca). In 26% of pts emergency surgery was performed. AJCC staging at diagnosis: I-7%, II-26%, III-35%, IV-32% in colon and I-14%, II-22%, III-39%, IV:25% in rectum. Conclusions: This study showed that colon Ca was more frequent and most of the cases were operated. Data also revealed that pts were diagnosed at considerably later stages. The role of the consumption of red meat, obesity and smoking should be evaluated in larger trial in the future. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Aykan
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - G. Demir
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - R. Disci
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - S. Yalcin
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - N. S. Turhal
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - M. Ozdogan
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - M. Ozkan
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - A. Yaren
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - C. Camci
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
| | - H. Akbulut
- University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Istanbul University Institute of Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Medical Oncology Department, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Department of Medical Oncology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey; Pamukkale University Denizli, Istanbul,
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Yaren A, Oztop I, Kargi A, Ulukus C, Onen A, Sanli A, Binicier O, Yilmaz U, Alakavuklar M. Bax, bcl-2 and c-kit expression in non-small-cell lung cancer and their effects on prognosis. Int J Clin Pract 2006; 60:675-82. [PMID: 16805752 DOI: 10.1111/j.1368-5031.2006.00742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), stage of the disease is still the most important prognostic factor. Other than stage, many biological markers and many other prognostic factors are studied to define their effects on prognosis of lung cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expressions of Bax and bcl-2 genes which are important in apoptosis and c-kit, which is a tyrosine kinase transmembrane receptor, as well as searched their response to treatment modalities and effects on survival. Sixty-nine NSCLC cases' pathological samples were stained with specific Bax, bcl-2 and c-kit dyes by immunohistochemical (IHC) methods. IHC evaluation was done by the semichantitative method according to the distribution and intensity of the staining. Twelve of 69 cases (17.4%) were stage I, 28 (40.5%) were stage II, 17 were (24.6%) stage IIIA, nine cases were (13.1%) stage IIIB and three cases (4.4%) were stage IV patients. Their histological subtypes were as follows: of 69 cases, 36 (52.2%) were squamous cell carcinoma, 28 (40.6%) were adenocarcinoma, five (7.2%) were adenosquamous cell carcinoma (two patients) and large-cell carcinoma (three patients). The positive immunostaining rates for Bax and bcl-2 in whole group, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups were 40.6%/36.2%, 55.6/69.4% and 25.0/0.0%, respectively. The positive immune staining rates for c-kit in whole group, squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma groups were 7.2, 5.6 and 7.1%, respectively. We didn't find any correlation with Bax, bcl-2 and c-kit expressions and clinicopathological parameters such as age, tumour size, lymph node involvement, smoking, stage of the disease, response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results are interpreted according to survival; bax and bcl-2 expressions were not so effective both in whole group and histologically subgrouped patients. C-kit expression was also found not related with survival in whole group whereas found as a bad prognostic factor in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. These findings could indicate that the expression of apoptotic pathway markers and c-kit may have a role in the prognosis of early stage NSCLC, especially with squamous cell carcinoma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yaren
- Department of Iternal Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Pamukkale, Denizli, Turkey.
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