1
|
Albakry MF, Alkhatib I, Alonso D, Amaral DWP, Aralis T, Aramaki T, Arnquist IJ, Ataee Langroudy I, Azadbakht E, Banik S, Bathurst C, Bhattacharyya R, Brink PL, Bunker R, Cabrera B, Calkins R, Cameron RA, Cartaro C, Cerdeño DG, Chang YY, Chaudhuri M, Chen R, Chott N, Cooley J, Coombes H, Corbett J, Cushman P, Das S, De Brienne F, Rios M, Dharani S, di Vacri ML, Diamond MD, Elwan M, Fascione E, Figueroa-Feliciano E, Fink CW, Fouts K, Fritts M, Gerbier G, Germond R, Ghaith M, Golwala SR, Hall J, Harms SAS, Hassan N, Hines BA, Hong Z, Hoppe EW, Hsu L, Huber ME, Iyer V, Kashyap VKS, Kelsey MH, Kubik A, Kurinsky NA, Lee M, Litke M, Liu J, Liu Y, Loer B, Lopez Asamar E, Lukens P, MacFarlane DB, Mahapatra R, Mast N, Mayer AJ, Meyer Zu Theenhausen H, Michaud É, Michielin E, Mirabolfathi N, Mohanty B, Nebolsky B, Nelson J, Neog H, Novati V, Orrell JL, Osborne MD, Oser SM, Page WA, Pandey L, Pandey S, Partridge R, Pedreros DS, Perna L, Podviianiuk R, Ponce F, Poudel S, Pradeep A, Pyle M, Rau W, Reid E, Ren R, Reynolds T, Tanner E, Roberts A, Robinson AE, Saab T, Sadek D, Sadoulet B, Sahoo SP, Saikia I, Sander J, Sattari A, Schmidt B, Schnee RW, Scorza S, Serfass B, Poudel SS, Sincavage DJ, Sinervo P, Speaks Z, Street J, Sun H, Terry GD, Thasrawala FK, Toback D, Underwood R, Verma S, Villano AN, von Krosigk B, Watkins SL, Wen O, Williams Z, Wilson MJ, Winchell J, Wykoff K, Yellin S, Young BA, Yu TC, Zatschler B, Zatschler S, Zaytsev A, Zeolla A, Zhang E, Zheng L, Zheng Y, Zuniga A, An P, Barbeau PS, Hedges SC, Li L, Runge J. First Measurement of the Nuclear-Recoil Ionization Yield in Silicon at 100 eV. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:091801. [PMID: 37721818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We measured the nuclear-recoil ionization yield in silicon with a cryogenic phonon-sensitive gram-scale detector. Neutrons from a monoenergetic beam scatter off of the silicon nuclei at angles corresponding to energy depositions from 4 keV down to 100 eV, the lowest energy probed so far. The results show no sign of an ionization production threshold above 100 eV. These results call for further investigation of the ionization yield theory and a comprehensive determination of the detector response function at energies below the keV scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M F Albakry
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - I Alkhatib
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - D Alonso
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - D W P Amaral
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - T Aralis
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T Aramaki
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - I J Arnquist
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - I Ataee Langroudy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - E Azadbakht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S Banik
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - C Bathurst
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - R Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P L Brink
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Bunker
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B Cabrera
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R Calkins
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - R A Cameron
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D G Cerdeño
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y-Y Chang
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Chaudhuri
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - R Chen
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - N Chott
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - J Cooley
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - H Coombes
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Corbett
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Cushman
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - S Das
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - F De Brienne
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - M Rios
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Dharani
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M L di Vacri
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M D Diamond
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - M Elwan
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Fascione
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Figueroa-Feliciano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - C W Fink
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - K Fouts
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Fritts
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - G Gerbier
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Germond
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Ghaith
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, 19282, United Arab Emirates
| | - S R Golwala
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Hall
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - S A S Harms
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - N Hassan
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - B A Hines
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - Z Hong
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E W Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hsu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M E Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - V Iyer
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - V K S Kashyap
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - M H Kelsey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A Kubik
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
| | - N A Kurinsky
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - M Litke
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - B Loer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E Lopez Asamar
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P Lukens
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Mahapatra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - N Mast
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A J Mayer
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - H Meyer Zu Theenhausen
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - É Michaud
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - E Michielin
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Mirabolfathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - B Mohanty
- School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni - 752050, India
| | - B Nebolsky
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - J Nelson
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - H Neog
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - V Novati
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - J L Orrell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M D Osborne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - S M Oser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - W A Page
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Pandey
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - S Pandey
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - R Partridge
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D S Pedreros
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L Perna
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - R Podviianiuk
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F Ponce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Poudel
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Pradeep
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Pyle
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - W Rau
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - E Reid
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - R Ren
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - T Reynolds
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - E Tanner
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - A E Robinson
- Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - T Saab
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - D Sadek
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - B Sadoulet
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S P Sahoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - I Saikia
- Department of Physics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Sattari
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - B Schmidt
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - R W Schnee
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Scorza
- SNOLAB, Creighton Mine #9, 1039 Regional Road 24, Sudbury, Ontario P3Y 1N2, Canada
- Laurentian University, Department of Physics, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - B Serfass
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S S Poudel
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - D J Sincavage
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - P Sinervo
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Z Speaks
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Street
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - H Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - G D Terry
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - F K Thasrawala
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D Toback
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - R Underwood
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Verma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - A N Villano
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado 80217, USA
| | - B von Krosigk
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S L Watkins
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O Wen
- Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Williams
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - M J Wilson
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - J Winchell
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - K Wykoff
- Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - S Yellin
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - B A Young
- Department of Physics, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA
| | - T C Yu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Zatschler
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - S Zatschler
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - A Zaytsev
- Institute for Astroparticle Physics (IAP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - A Zeolla
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - E Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - L Zheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and the Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3112, USA
| | - A Zuniga
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - S C Hedges
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|