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Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Várzea V, Silva MDC. The story of coffee: legend and truth. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:501-504. [PMID: 36925356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
When we think about coffee, exotic tropical countries such as Colombia, Brazil, and Ethiopia first come to mind. However, the crucial contribution of Portugal and its scientists to each cup of coffee we drink remains either poorly known or overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Muñoz-Pajares
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, 18071 Granada, Spain; Research Unit Modeling Nature, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Vitor Várzea
- CIFC - Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria do Céu Silva
- CIFC - Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Quinta do Marquês, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal; LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Perfectti F, Loureiro J, Abdelaziz M, Biella P, Castro M, Castro S, Gómez JM. Niche differences may explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes in Erysimum mediohispanicum. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2018; 20 Suppl 1:139-147. [PMID: 28741843 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidisation has played an important role in plant diversification, and variation in ploidy level may be found not only between species of the same genus, but also within a single species. Although establishing the adaptive significance of polyploidy to explain the geographic distribution of cytotypes is challenging, the occurrence of different cytotypes in different ecological niches may suggest an adaptive role of genome duplication. We studied the adaptive significance of the geographic distribution of cytotypes across the entire distribution range of the endemic Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae). For that, we have used climate variables, population elevation and soil properties to model ecological niches for the different cytotypes. In addition, we analysed the effect that ploidy level has on the floral phenotype. We found a clear geographic pattern in the distribution of cytotypes, with diploid individuals occurring in the southernmost part of the distribution range, while tetraploids were found in the northern area. A contact (mosaic) zone between both cytotypes was identified, but diploids and tetraploids occur in sympatry in only one population (although in a highly unbalanced proportion). Gene flow between different cytotypes seems to be negligible, as evident from an almost complete absence of triploids and other minority cytotypes. Niches occupied by both cytotypes showed subtle, but significant differences, even in the contact zone. Precipitation was higher in regions occupied by tetraploid individuals, which present wider corolla tubes and thinner but taller stalks than diploids. Our findings highlight the potential role of polyploidy in the ecological adaptation of E. mediohispanicum to both abiotic factors and biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Muñoz-Pajares
- Plant Biology, CIBIO/InBio, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F Perfectti
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Loureiro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M Abdelaziz
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P Biella
- Departamento de Ecologıa, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - M Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Castro
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J M Gómez
- Departamento de Ecologıa, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain
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Muñoz-Pajares AJ, García C, Abdelaziz M, Bosch J, Perfectti F, Gómez JM. Drivers of genetic differentiation in a generalist insect-pollinated herb across spatial scales. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:1576-1585. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Muñoz-Pajares
- Plant Biology; CIBIO/InBio; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - C. García
- Plant Biology; CIBIO/InBio; Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; Laboratório Associado; Universidade do Porto; Campus Agrário de Vairão 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
| | - M. Abdelaziz
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; School of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling FK9 4LA UK
| | - J. Bosch
- CREAF (Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Perfectti
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - J. M. Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZACSIC); Almería Spain
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Abdelaziz M, Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Berbel M, Perfectti F, Gómez JM. Association between inbreeding depression and floral traits in a generalist-pollinated plant. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2495-506. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Abdelaziz
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; School of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; Stirling UK
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - A. J. Muñoz-Pajares
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos; CIBIO; Vairão Portugal
| | - M. Berbel
- Departamento de Ecología; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - F. Perfectti
- Departamento de Genética; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - J. M. Gómez
- Departamento de Ecología; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva; Estación Experimental de Zonas Aridas (EEZA-CSIC); Almería Spain
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Gómez JM, Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Abdelaziz M, Lorite J, Perfectti F. Evolution of pollination niches and floral divergence in the generalist plant Erysimum mediohispanicum. Ann Bot 2014; 113:237-49. [PMID: 23965614 PMCID: PMC3890381 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mct186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS How generalist plants diverge in response to pollinator selection without becoming specialized is still unknown. This study explores this question, focusing on the evolution of the pollination system in the pollination generalist Erysimum mediohispanicum (Brassicaceae). METHODS Pollinator assemblages were surveyed from 2001 to 2010 in 48 geo-referenced populations covering the entire geographic distribution of E. mediohispanicum. Bipartite modularity, a complex network tool, was used to find the pollination niche of each population. Evolution of the pollination niches and the correlated evolution of floral traits and pollination niches were explored using within-species comparative analyses. KEY RESULTS Despite being generalists, the E. mediohispanicum populations studied can be classified into five pollination niches. The boundaries between niches were not sharp, the niches differing among them in the relative frequencies of the floral visitor functional groups. The absence of spatial autocorrelation and phylogenetic signal indicates that the niches were distributed in a phylogeographic mosaic. The ancestral E. mediohispanicum populations presumably belonged to the niche defined by a high number of beetle and ant visits. A correlated evolution was found between pollination niches and some floral traits, suggesting the existence of generalist pollination ecotypes. CONCLUSIONS It is conjectured that the geographic variation in pollination niches has contributed to the observed floral divergence in E. mediohispanicum. The process mediating this floral divergence presumably has been adaptive wandering, but the adaptation to the local pollinator faunas has been not universal. The outcome is a landscape where a few populations locally adapted to their pollination environment (generalist pollination ecotypes) coexist with many populations where this local adaptation has failed and where the plant phenotype is not primarily shaped by pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J. Lorite
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
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Gómez JM, Abdelaziz M, Camacho JPM, Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Perfectti F. Local adaptation and maladaptation to pollinators in a generalist geographic mosaic. Ecol Lett 2009; 12:672-82. [PMID: 19453614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Geographic Mosaic Theory of Coevolution predicts the occurrence of mosaics of interaction-mediated local adaptations and maladaptations. Empirical support to this prediction has come mostly from specialist interactions. In contrast, local adaptation is considered highly unlikely in generalist interactions. In this study, we experimentally test local adaptation in a generalist plant-pollinator geographic mosaic, by means of a transplant experiment in which plants coming from two evolutionary hotspots and two coldspots were offered to pollinators at the same four localities. Plants produced in the hotspots attracted more pollinators in all populations, whereas coldspot plants attracted fewer pollinators in all populations. Differences in adaptation were not related to genetic similarity between populations, suggesting that it was mainly due to spatial variation in previous selective regimes. Our experiment provides the first strong support for a spatially structured pattern of adaptation and maladaptation generated by a generalist free-living mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Gómez
- Dpto de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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Manrique-Poyato MI, Muñoz-Pajares AJ, Loreto V, López-León MD, Cabrero J, Camacho JPM. Causes of B chromosome variant substitution in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. Chromosome Res 2006; 14:693-700. [PMID: 16964576 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-006-1081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We have analysed B chromosome frequency for three consecutive years, B transmission rate at population and individual levels, clutch size, egg fertility and embryo-adult viability in a natural population of the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans containing two different B chromosome variants, i.e. B(2) and B(24), the second being derived from the first and having replaced it in nearby populations. From 2002 to 2003 the relative frequency of both variants changed, although the differences did not reach significance. A mother-offspring analysis showed no significant effect of any of the two B variants on clutch size, egg fertility or embryo-adult viability, but B(24) was more efficiently transmitted than B(2) through males from the 2002 season, which explains the observed frequency change. Controlled crosses, at individual level, showed significant drive through some females for B(24) but not for B(2), suggesting that this difference in transmission rate might also be important for the substitution process. The analysis of relative fitness for B(2) and B(24) carriers for all fitness components, as a whole, showed a significantly better performance of B(24)-carrying individuals, suggesting that the cumulative effect of these slight differences might contribute to the replacement of B(2) by B(24).
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Manrique-Poyato
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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