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Miyake F, Panyushkina IP, Jull AJT, Adolphi F, Brehm N, Helama S, Kanzawa K, Moriya T, Muscheler R, Nicolussi K, Oinonen M, Salzer M, Takeyama M, Tokanai F, Wacker L. A Single-Year Cosmic Ray Event at 5410 BCE Registered in 14C of Tree Rings. Geophys Res Lett 2021; 48:e2021GL093419. [PMID: 34433990 PMCID: PMC8365682 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl093419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The annual 14C data in tree rings is an outstanding proxy for uncovering extreme solar energetic particle (SEP) events in the past. Signatures of extreme SEP events have been reported in 774/775 CE, 992/993 CE, and ∼660 BCE. Here, we report another rapid increase of 14C concentration in tree rings from California, Switzerland, and Finland around 5410 BCE. These 14C data series show a significant increase of ∼6‰ in 5411-5410 BCE. The signature of 14C variation is very similar to the confirmed three SEP events and points to an extreme short-term flux of cosmic ray radiation into the atmosphere. The rapid 14C increase in 5411/5410 BCE rings occurred during a period of high solar activity and 60 years after a grand 14C excursion during 5481-5471 BCE. The similarity of our 14C data to previous events suggests that the origin of the 5410 BCE event is an extreme SEP event.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Miyake
- Institute for Space‐Earth Environmental ResearchNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | | | - A. J. T. Jull
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research CentreInstitute for Nuclear ResearchDebrecenHungary
| | - F. Adolphi
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - N. Brehm
- Laboratory for Ion Beam PhysicsETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - S. Helama
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandRovaniemiFinland
| | - K. Kanzawa
- Institute for Space‐Earth Environmental ResearchNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - T. Moriya
- Faculty of ScienceYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - R. Muscheler
- Department of GeologyFaculty of ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - K. Nicolussi
- Department of GeographyUniversität InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - M. Oinonen
- Finnish Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - M. Salzer
- Laboratory of Tree Ring ResearchUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - M. Takeyama
- Faculty of ScienceYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - F. Tokanai
- Faculty of ScienceYamagata UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - L. Wacker
- Laboratory for Ion Beam PhysicsETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Janovics R, Kelemen DI, Kern Z, Kapitány S, Veres M, Jull AJT, Molnár M. Radiocarbon signal of a low and intermediate level radioactive waste disposal facility in nearby trees. J Environ Radioact 2016; 153:10-14. [PMID: 26704325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tree ring series were collected from the vicinity of a Hungarian radioactive waste treatment and disposal facility and from a distant control background site, which is not influenced by the radiocarbon discharge of the disposal facility but it represents the natural regional (14)C level. The (14)C concentration of the cellulose content of tree rings was measured by AMS. Data of the tree ring series from the disposal facility was compared to the control site for each year. The results were also compared to the (14)C data of the atmospheric (14)C monitoring stations at the disposal facility and to international background measurements. On the basis of the results, the excess radiocarbon of the disposal facility can unambiguously be detected in the tree from the repository site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Janovics
- Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4026 Debrecen, Bem tér 18/c, Hungary.
| | | | - Z Kern
- Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Kapitány
- Public Limited Company for Radiactive Waste Management, Hungary
| | | | - A J T Jull
- Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4026 Debrecen, Bem tér 18/c, Hungary; Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - M Molnár
- Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-4026 Debrecen, Bem tér 18/c, Hungary
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Vogt SK, Aylmer D, Herzog GF, Wieler R, Signer P, Pellas P, Fiéni C, Tuniz C, Jull AJT, Fink D, Klein J, Middleton R. On the Bur Gheluai H5 chondrite and other meteorites with complex exposure histories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1993.tb00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jull AJT, Donahue DJ, Cielaszyk E, Wlotzka F. Carbon-14 terrestrial ages and weathering of 27 meteorites from the southern high plains and adjacent areas (USA). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1993.tb00756.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Steele A, McCubbin FM, Fries M, Kater L, Boctor NZ, Fogel ML, Conrad PG, Glamoclija M, Spencer M, Morrow AL, Hammond MR, Zare RN, Vicenzi EP, Siljestrom S, Bowden R, Herd CDK, Mysen BO, Shirey SB, Amundsen HEF, Treiman AH, Bullock ES, Jull AJT. A Reduced Organic Carbon Component in Martian Basalts. Science 2012; 337:212-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1220715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Steadman DW, Martin PS, MacPhee RDE, Jull AJT, McDonald HG, Woods CA, Iturralde-Vinent M, Hodgins GWL. Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11763-8. [PMID: 16085711 PMCID: PMC1187974 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0502777102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whatever the cause, it is extraordinary that dozens of genera of large mammals became extinct during the late Quaternary throughout the Western Hemisphere, including 90% of the genera of the xenarthran suborder Phyllophaga (sloths). Radiocarbon dates directly on dung, bones, or other tissue of extinct sloths place their "last appearance" datum at approximately 11,000 radiocarbon years before present (yr BP) or slightly less in North America, approximately 10,500 yr BP in South America, and approximately 4,400 yr BP on West Indian islands. This asynchronous situation is not compatible with glacial-interglacial climate change forcing these extinctions, especially given the great elevational, latitudinal, and longitudinal variation of the sloth-bearing continental sites. Instead, the chronology of last appearance of extinct sloths, whether on continents or islands, more closely tracks the first arrival of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Steadman
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Jull AJT, Burr GS, Beck JW, Donahue DJ, Biddulph D, Hatheway AL, Lange TE, McHargue LR. Accelerator mass spectrometry at Arizona: geochronology of the climate record and connections with the ocean. J Environ Radioact 2003; 69:3-19. [PMID: 12860086 DOI: 10.1016/s0265-931x(03)00083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There are many diverse uses of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Carbon-14 studies at our laboratory include much research related to paleoclimate, both with 14C as a tracer of past changes in environmental conditions as observed in corals, marine sediments and many terrestrial records. Terrestrial records such as forest fires can also show the influence of oceanic oscillations, whether they are short-term such as ENSO, or on the millennial time scale. In tracer applications, we have developed the use of 129I as well as 14C as tracers for nuclear pollution studies around radioactive waste dump sites, in collaboration with IAEA. We discuss some applications carried out in Tucson for several of these fields and hope to give some idea of the breadth of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J T Jull
- NSF Arizona AMS Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1118 East Fourth St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Jull AJT, Burr GS, Beck JW, Donahue DJ, Biddulph D, Hatheway AL, Lange TE, McHargue LR. Accelerator mass spectrometry at Arizona: geochronology of the climatic record and connections with the ocean. ScientificWorldJournal 2002; 2:1579-93. [PMID: 12806143 PMCID: PMC6009492 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2002.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many diverse uses of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). 14C studies at our laboratory include much research related to paleoclimate, with 14C as a tracer of past changes in environmental conditions as observed in corals, marine sediments, and many terrestrial records. Terrestrial records can also show the influence of oceanic oscillations, whether they are short term, such as ENSO (El Niño/Southern Oscillation), or on the millennial time scale. In tracer applications, we have developed the use of 129I as well as 14C as tracers for nuclear pollution studies around radioactive waste dump sites, in collaboration with IAEA. We discuss some applications carried out in Tucson, AZ, for several of these fields and hope to give some idea of the breadth of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J T Jull
- NSF Arizona AMS Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1118 E. Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Bland PA, de Souza Filho CR, Jull AJT, Kelley SP, Hough RM, Artemieva NA, Pierazzo E, Coniglio J, Pinotti L, Evers V, Kearsley AT. A possible tektite strewn field in the Argentinian Pampa. Science 2002; 296:1109-11. [PMID: 12004127 DOI: 10.1126/science.1068345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Impact glass associated with 11 elongate depressions in the Pampean Plain of Argentina, north of the city of Rio Cuarto, was suggested to be proximal ejecta related to a highly oblique impact event. We have identified about 400 additional elongate features in the area that indicate an aeolian, rather than an impact, origin. We have also dated fragments of glass found at the Rio Cuarto depressions; the age is similar to that of glass recovered 800 kilometers to the southeast. This material may be tektite glass from an impact event around 0.48 million years ago, representing a new tektite strewn field.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Bland
- Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
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Lal D, Jull AJT, Donahue DJ, Burr GS, Deck B, Jouzel J, Steig E. Record of cosmogenic in situ produced14C in Vostok and Taylor Dome ice samples: Implications for strong role of wind ventilation processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Xue X, Zhou W, Zhou J, Head J, Jull AJT. Biological records of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment changes from Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province during the last glacial maximum. Chin Sci Bull 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02887417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jull AJT, Weijian Z, Zhisheng A, Haynes CV, Burr GS, Donahue DJ. 14C geochronology of rapid climatic events during the glacial-holocene transition. Chin Sci Bull 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02891466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Beck W, Donahue DJ, Jull AJT, Burr G, Broecker WS, Bonani G, Hajdas I, Malotki E. Ambiguities in Direct Dating of Rock Surfaces Using Radiocarbon Measurements. Science 1998. [DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5372.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Beck
- NSF AMS Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - D. J. Donahue
- NSF AMS Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - A. J. T. Jull
- NSF AMS Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - G. Burr
- NSF AMS Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - W. S. Broecker
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University,
Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - G. Bonani
- Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, AMS Laboratory, ETH Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I. Hajdas
- Institut fuer Teilchenphysik, AMS Laboratory, ETH Hoenggerberg, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. Malotki
- Department of Modern Languages,
Northern Arizona University,
Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
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Lal D, Jull AJT, Burr GS, Donahue DJ. Measurements of in situ14C concentrations in Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice covering a 17-kyr time span: Implications to ice flow dynamics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jc02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jull AJT, Eastoe CJ, Cloudt S. Isotopic composition of carbonates in the SNC meteorites, Allan Hills 84001 and Zagami. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96je03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Betancourt JL, Long A, Donahue DJ, Jull AJT, Zabel TH. Pre-Columbian age for North American Corispermum L. (Chenopodiaceae) confirmed by accelerator radiocarbon dating. Nature 1984. [DOI: 10.1038/311653a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jull AJT, Donahue DJ, Zabel TH, Fireman EL. Carbon-14 ages of Antarctic meteorites with accelerator and small-volume counting techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1029/jb089is01p0c329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The compounds [Formula: see text] are obtained by reacting the metal carbonyl anion with the appropriate 1,2-dichloro olefin. Similar compounds are not isolated following treatment of cobalt carbonyls with [Formula: see text]. The new bridged complex [Formula: see text] is described.
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