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MacIntosh BJ, Crane DE, Sage MD, Rajab AS, Donahue MJ, McIlroy WE, Middleton LE. Impact of a single bout of aerobic exercise on regional brain perfusion and activation responses in healthy young adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85163. [PMID: 24416356 PMCID: PMC3885687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite the generally accepted view that aerobic exercise can have positive effects on brain health, few studies have measured brain responses to exercise over a short time span. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact within one hour of a single bout of exercise on brain perfusion and neuronal activation. Methods Healthy adults (n = 16; age range: 20–35 yrs) were scanned using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) before and after 20 minutes of exercise at 70% of their age-predicted maximal heart rate. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pcASL) was used to measure absolute cerebral blood flow (CBF) prior to exercise (pre) and at 10 min (post-10) and 40 min (post-40) post-exercise. Blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) was performed pre and post-exercise to characterize activation differences related to a go/no-go reaction time task. Results Compared to pre-exercise levels, grey matter CBF was 11% (±9%) lower at post-10 (P<0.0004) and not different at post-40 (P = 0.12), while global WM CBF was increased at both time points post-exercise (P<0.0006). Regionally, the hippocampus and insula showed a decrease in perfusion in ROI-analysis at post-10 (P<0.005, FDR corrected), whereas voxel-wise analysis identified elevated perfusion in the left medial postcentral gyrus at post-40 compared to pre (pcorrected = 0.05). BOLD activations were consistent between sessions, however, the left parietal operculum showed reduced BOLD activation after exercise. Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence of regionalized brain effects associated with a single bout of aerobic exercise. The observed acute cerebrovascular responses may provide some insight into the brain’s ability to change in relation to chronic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. MacIntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - David E. Crane
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael D. Sage
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. Saeed Rajab
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - William E. McIlroy
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura E. Middleton
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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