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Zhao H, Kumar P, Sobreira TJP, Smith M, Novick S, Johansson A, Luchniak A, Zhang A, Woollard KJ, Larsson N, Kawatkar A. Integrated Proteomics Characterization of NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor MCC950 in Monocytic Cell Line Confirms Direct MCC950 Engagement with Endogenous NLRP3. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:962-972. [PMID: 38509779 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising strategy for the development of new treatments for inflammatory diseases. MCC950 is a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 pathway and has been validated in numerous species and disease models. Although the capacity of MCC950 to block NLRP3 signaling is well-established, it is still critical to identify the mechanism of action and molecular targets of MCC950 to inform and derisk drug development. Quantitative proteomics performed in disease-relevant systems provides a powerful method to study both direct and indirect pharmacological responses to small molecules to elucidate the mechanism of action and confirm target engagement. A comprehensive target deconvolution campaign requires the use of complementary chemical biology techniques. Here we applied two orthogonal chemical biology techniques: compressed Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) and photoaffinity labeling chemoproteomics, performed under biologically relevant conditions with LPS-primed THP-1 cells, thereby deconvoluting, for the first time, the molecular targets of MCC950 using chemical biology techniques. In-cell chemoproteomics with inlysate CETSA confirmed the suspected mechanism as the disruption of inflammasome formation via NLRP3. Further cCETSA (c indicates compressed) in live cells mapped the stabilization of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway proteins, highlighting modulation of the targeted pathway. This is the first evidence of direct MCC950 engagement with endogenous NLRP3 in a human macrophage cellular system using discovery proteomics chemical biology techniques, providing critical information for inflammasome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 02451 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 02451 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Mackenzie Smith
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 02451 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Steven Novick
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 02451 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Anders Johansson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Luchniak
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 02451 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, CB2 OAA Cambridge, U.K
| | - Niklas Larsson
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, 02451 Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
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Jarvis R, Josephine Ng SF, Nathanson AJ, Cardarelli RA, Abiraman K, Wade F, Evans-Strong A, Fernandez-Campa MP, Deeb TZ, Smalley JL, Jamier T, Gurrell IK, McWilliams L, Kawatkar A, Conway LC, Wang Q, Burli RW, Brandon NJ, Chessell IP, Goldman AJ, Maguire JL, Moss SJ. Direct activation of KCC2 arrests benzodiazepine refractory status epilepticus and limits the subsequent neuronal injury in mice. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100957. [PMID: 36889319 PMCID: PMC10040380 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarizing GABAAR currents, the unitary events that underlie synaptic inhibition, are dependent upon efficient Cl- extrusion, a process that is facilitated by the neuronal specific K+/Cl- co-transporter KCC2. Its activity is also a determinant of the anticonvulsant efficacy of the canonical GABAAR-positive allosteric: benzodiazepines (BDZs). Compromised KCC2 activity is implicated in the pathophysiology of status epilepticus (SE), a medical emergency that rapidly becomes refractory to BDZ (BDZ-RSE). Here, we have identified small molecules that directly bind to and activate KCC2, which leads to reduced neuronal Cl- accumulation and excitability. KCC2 activation does not induce any overt effects on behavior but prevents the development of and terminates ongoing BDZ-RSE. In addition, KCC2 activation reduces neuronal cell death following BDZ-RSE. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that KCC2 activation is a promising strategy to terminate BDZ-resistant seizures and limit the associated neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jarvis
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shu Fun Josephine Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Anna J Nathanson
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Ross A Cardarelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Krithika Abiraman
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Fergus Wade
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Aidan Evans-Strong
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Marina P Fernandez-Campa
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joshua L Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tanguy Jamier
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian K Gurrell
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa McWilliams
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leslie C Conway
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland W Burli
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iain P Chessell
- Discovery, Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron J Goldman
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie L Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1 6BT, UK.
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Kawatkar A, Clark RA, Hopcroft L, Roaquin DA, Tomlinson R, Zuhl AM, Lamont GM, Kettle JG, Critchlow SE, Castaldi MP, Goldberg FW, Zhang AX. Chemical Biology Approaches Confirm MCT4 as the Therapeutic Target of a Cellular Optimized Hit. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:296-303. [PMID: 36602435 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid transport is a key process maintaining glycolytic flux in tumors. Inhibition of this process will result in glycolytic shutdown, impacting on cell growth and survival and thus has been pursued as a therapeutic approach for cancers. Using a cell-based screen in a MCT4-dependent cell line, we identified and optimized compounds for their ability to inhibit the efflux of intracellular lactic acid with good physical and pharmacokinetic properties. To deconvolute the mechanism of lactic acid efflux inhibition, we have developed three assays to measure cellular target engagement. Specifically, we synthesized a biologically active photoaffinity probe (IC50 < 10 nM), and using this probe, we demonstrated selective engagement of MCT4 of our parent molecule through a combination of confocal microscopy and in-cell chemoproteomics. As an orthogonal assay, the cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) confirmed binding to MCT4 in the cellular system. Comparisons of lactic acid efflux potencies in cells with differential expression of MCT family members further confirmed that the optimized compounds inhibit the efflux of lactic acid through the inhibition of MCT4. Taken together, these data demonstrate the power of orthogonal chemical biology methods to determine cellular target engagement, particularly for proteins not readily amenable to traditional biophysical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts02451, United States
| | - Roger A Clark
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, CambridgeCB2 0AA, U.K
| | | | - Debora Ann Roaquin
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts02451, United States
| | - Ronald Tomlinson
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts02451, United States
| | - Andrea M Zuhl
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts02451, United States
| | | | | | | | - M Paola Castaldi
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts02451, United States
| | | | - Andrew X Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts02451, United States
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Goldberg FW, Kettle JG, Lamont GM, Buttar D, Ting AKT, McGuire TM, Cook CR, Beattie D, Morentin Gutierrez P, Kavanagh SL, Komen JC, Kawatkar A, Clark R, Hopcroft L, Hughes G, Critchlow SE. Discovery of Clinical Candidate AZD0095, a Selective Inhibitor of Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (MCT4) for Oncology. J Med Chem 2023; 66:384-397. [PMID: 36525250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to increased reliance on glycolysis, which produces lactate, monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are often upregulated in cancer. MCT4 is associated with the export of lactic acid from cancer cells under hypoxia, so inhibition of MCT4 may lead to cytotoxic levels of intracellular lactate. In addition, tumor-derived lactate is known to be immunosuppressive, so MCT4 inhibition may be of interest for immuno-oncology. At the outset, no potent and selective MCT4 inhibitors had been reported, but a screen identified a triazolopyrimidine hit, with no close structural analogues. Minor modifications to the triazolopyrimidine were made, alongside design of a constrained linker and broad SAR exploration of the biaryl tail to improve potency, physical properties, PK, and hERG. The resulting clinical candidate 15 (AZD0095) has excellent potency (1.3 nM), MCT1 selectivity (>1000×), secondary pharmacology, clean mechanism of action, suitable properties for oral administration in the clinic, and good preclinical efficacy in combination with cediranib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Buttar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | | | | - Calum R Cook
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, U.K
| | | | | | - Stefan L Kavanagh
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Jasper C Komen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Roger Clark
- Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, U.K
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Kawatkar A, Yi E, Estrada E, Pio J, Portugal C, Yi D, Habeshian T, Wei D, Lee S. POS0966 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS RISK PREDICTION MODEL USING LONGITUDINAL REAL-WORLD DATA FROM A LARGE INTEGRATED HEALTHCARE DELIVERY SYSTEM. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundEarly detection and diagnosis of Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is challenging due to heterogeneity in disease presentation, lack of specific biomarkers and high prevalence of mechanical back-pain that is difficult to distinguish from inflammatory back-pain. However, if diagnosed and treated early, the risk of AS complications and disease progression can be slowed.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a risk prediction model for early identification of patients at high risk of AS, using a large longitudinal real-world clinical data in the US.MethodsThis retrospective study included all members aged ≥ 21 years with back pain symptoms who were enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health plan between 01/2009-12/2013. Patients who presented with back pain symptoms at a physician visit were followed until 12/2020 to see if they subsequently developed AS. The cohort was randomly divided into a training (60%) and a validation (40%) sample. A proportional odds model was specified to create a risk score for AS in the training sample. Best fit model was determined based on Area Under the Curve (AUC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The cut off threshold of “high-risk” was based on Youden’s (1950) index.1 We assessed the model performance for internal validity using split-samples. The model was further validated using manual chart review of 900 patient records. These 900 records were selected such that 70% (N=630) met the high-risk cut-off and the remainder had scores below the cut-off. We also derived the probability of AS in each chart reviewed case using the method proposed by Feldtkeller et al. (2013) and Rudwaleit et al. (2006).2,3ResultsThe cohort comprised 527,509 members with mean age 54 years and majority female (58%). Sixty-six percent were White race and 33% were Hispanic ethnicity. The crude incidence of AS was 1% and increased steadily during the follow-up period (Figure 1). The final risk prediction model included 15 risk factors and had an AUC of 0.72 (Table 1). Using Youden’s index, a cut-off value of 11 or higher was identified as the threshold to define high-risk. No evidence of overfitting to our training sample was observed based on the split-sample analysis. The model validation based on manual chart review of 900 records showed sufficient ability to discriminate between those at high-risk vs those not identified to be high-risk. When a concrete rule out or rule in determination could be made using Feldtkeller et al. approach, our model correctly classified 75% of such records.Table 1.Final Model Coefficients and Derived Risk ScoreModel CoefficientPr(>|z|)Risk ScoreAge above 45 years0.1460.0111.46Male Sex-0.292<0.001-2.92White Race0.259<0.0012.59Non-Hispanic Ethnicity0.177<0.0011.77Corticosteroid Use (Yes/No)0.235<0.0012.35*NSAID User (Yes/No)0.202<0.0012.02Opioid Analgesic User (Yes/No)0.416<0.0014.16Had Enthesitis (Yes/No)0.298<0.0012.98Had Disorders of the Back (Yes/No)0.973<0.0019.73Had Fatigue and/or Malaise (Yes/No)0.1550.0561.55Had Psoriasis (Yes/No)0.2880.0082.88Had Spondylosis (Yes/No)0.838<0.0018.38Had Synovitis (Yes/No)0.1430.0661.43Had Uveitis (Yes/No)0.6210.0076.21Depression Diagnosis (Yes/No)0.0990.0170.99* NSAID: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsFigure 1.Cumulative Incidence Over Time (in Days)ConclusionTo aid early detection, we have developed and validated an AS risk prediction model with an easy to implement scoring system using demographics, medication use and diagnosis data that is routinely collected in clinical practice.References:[1]Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950;3(1):32-35.[2]Feldtkeller E, Rudwaleit M, Zeidler H. Easy probability estimation of the diagnosis of early axial spondyloarthritis by summing up scores. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2013;52(9):1648-1650[3]Rudwaleit M, Feldtkeller E, Sieper J. Easy assessment of axial spondyloarthritis (early ankylosing spondylitis) at the bedside. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:1251-2.Disclosure of InterestsAniket Kawatkar Grant/research support from: Novartis, Medac, Esther Yi Employee of: Novartis, Erika Estrada Grant/research support from: Novartis, Jose Pio Grant/research support from: Novartis, Cecilia Portugal Grant/research support from: Novartis, David Yi Grant/research support from: Novartis, Talar Habeshian Grant/research support from: Novartis, David Wei Employee of: Novartis, Steven Lee Grant/research support from: Novartis
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Kawatkar A, Schefter M, Hermansson NO, Snijder A, Dekker N, Brown DG, Lundbäck T, Zhang AX, Castaldi MP. CETSA beyond Soluble Targets: a Broad Application to Multipass Transmembrane Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2019. [PMID: 31329413 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00399.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of target binding is a key requirement for understanding the mode of action of new therapeutics. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) has been introduced as a powerful label-free method to assess target engagement in physiological environments. Here, we present the application of live-cell CETSA to different classes of integral multipass transmembrane proteins using three case studies, the first showing a large and robust stabilization of the outer mitochondrial five-pass transmembrane protein TSPO, the second being a modest stabilization of SERCA2, and the last describing an atypical compound-driven stabilization of the GPCR PAR2. Our data demonstrated that using modified protocols with detergent extraction after the heating step, CETSA can reliably be applied to several membrane proteins of different complexity. By showing examples with distinct CETSA behaviors, we aim to provide the scientific community with an overview of different scenarios to expect during CETSA experiments, especially for challenging, membrane bound targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Boston , United States
| | - Michelle Schefter
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Boston , United States
| | - Nils-Olov Hermansson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Dean G Brown
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Boston , United States
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Pepparedsleden 1 , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Andrew X Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Boston , United States
| | - M Paola Castaldi
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D , AstraZeneca , Boston , United States
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Kawatkar A, Schefter M, Hermansson NO, Snijder A, Dekker N, Brown DG, Lundbäck T, Zhang AX, Castaldi MP. CETSA beyond Soluble Targets: a Broad Application to Multipass Transmembrane Proteins. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1913-1920. [PMID: 31329413 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Demonstration of target binding is a key requirement for understanding the mode of action of new therapeutics. The cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) has been introduced as a powerful label-free method to assess target engagement in physiological environments. Here, we present the application of live-cell CETSA to different classes of integral multipass transmembrane proteins using three case studies, the first showing a large and robust stabilization of the outer mitochondrial five-pass transmembrane protein TSPO, the second being a modest stabilization of SERCA2, and the last describing an atypical compound-driven stabilization of the GPCR PAR2. Our data demonstrated that using modified protocols with detergent extraction after the heating step, CETSA can reliably be applied to several membrane proteins of different complexity. By showing examples with distinct CETSA behaviors, we aim to provide the scientific community with an overview of different scenarios to expect during CETSA experiments, especially for challenging, membrane bound targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, United States
| | - Michelle Schefter
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, United States
| | - Nils-Olov Hermansson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dean G. Brown
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, United States
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew X. Zhang
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, United States
| | - M. Paola Castaldi
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, United States
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McCoull W, Cheung T, Anderson E, Barton P, Burgess J, Byth K, Cao Q, Castaldi MP, Chen H, Chiarparin E, Carbajo RJ, Code E, Cowan S, Davey PR, Ferguson AD, Fillery S, Fuller NO, Gao N, Hargreaves D, Howard MR, Hu J, Kawatkar A, Kemmitt PD, Leo E, Molina DM, O’Connell N, Petteruti P, Rasmusson T, Raubo P, Rawlins PB, Ricchiuto P, Robb GR, Schenone M, Waring MJ, Zinda M, Fawell S, Wilson DM. Development of a Novel B-Cell Lymphoma 6 (BCL6) PROTAC To Provide Insight into Small Molecule Targeting of BCL6. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:3131-3141. [DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William McCoull
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Tony Cheung
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Erica Anderson
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Peter Barton
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jonathan Burgess
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Kate Byth
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Qing Cao
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - M. Paola Castaldi
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Huawei Chen
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Elisabetta Chiarparin
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Rodrigo J. Carbajo
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Erin Code
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Suzanna Cowan
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul R. Davey
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Andrew D. Ferguson
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Shaun Fillery
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Nathan O. Fuller
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Ning Gao
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David Hargreaves
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Martin R. Howard
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jun Hu
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Paul D. Kemmitt
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Elisabetta Leo
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Nichole O’Connell
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Philip Petteruti
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Timothy Rasmusson
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Piotr Raubo
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Philip B. Rawlins
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Piero Ricchiuto
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Graeme R. Robb
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Monica Schenone
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Michael J. Waring
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Michael Zinda
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Stephen Fawell
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gatehouse Park, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - David M. Wilson
- Oncology and Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
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9
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Sharp A, Baecker A, Shen E, Redberg R, Lee M, Ferencik M, Natsui S, Zheng C, Kawatkar A, Gould M, Sun B. 26 Evaluating the Impact of HEART Implementation in Community Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Grimster NP, Anderson E, Alimzhanov M, Bebernitz G, Bell K, Chuaqui C, Deegan T, Ferguson AD, Gero T, Harsch A, Huszar D, Kawatkar A, Kettle JG, Lyne P, Read JA, Rivard Costa C, Ruston L, Schroeder P, Shi J, Su Q, Throner S, Toader D, Vasbinder M, Woessner R, Wang H, Wu A, Ye M, Zheng W, Zinda M. Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Series of Highly Selective JAK1 Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5235-5244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Linette Ruston
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
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11
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Casás-Selves M, Zhang AX, Dowling JE, Hallén S, Kawatkar A, Pace NJ, Denz CR, Pontz T, Garahdaghi F, Cao Q, Sabirsh A, Thakur K, O'Connell N, Hu J, Cornella-Taracido I, Weerapana E, Zinda M, Goodnow RA, Castaldi MP. Target Deconvolution Efforts on Wnt Pathway Screen Reveal Dual Modulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation and SERCA2. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:917-924. [PMID: 28371485 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is critical for development, cell proliferation and differentiation, and mutations in this pathway resulting in constitutive signaling have been implicated in various cancers. A pathway screen using a Wnt-dependent reporter identified a chemical series based on a 1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide (TDZ) core with sub-micromolar potency. Herein we report a comprehensive mechanism-of-action deconvolution study toward identifying the efficacy target(s) and biological implication of this chemical series involving bottom-up quantitative chemoproteomics, cell biology, and biochemical methods. Through observing the effects of our probes on metabolism and performing confirmatory cellular and biochemical assays, we found that this chemical series inhibits ATP synthesis by uncoupling the mitochondrial potential. Affinity chemoproteomics experiments identified sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -dependent ATPase (SERCA2) as a binding partner of the TDZ series, and subsequent validation studies suggest that the TDZ series can act as ionophores through SERCA2 toward Wnt pathway inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Casás-Selves
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, 661 University Avenue, Suite 510, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A3, Canada
| | - Andrew X Zhang
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - James E Dowling
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Stefan Hallén
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Nicholas J Pace
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA
| | - Christopher R Denz
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Timothy Pontz
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Farzin Garahdaghi
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Synageva BioPharma Corp., 33 Hayden Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Discovery Sciences-Computational Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 87 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, MA, 02140, USA
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, 431 83, Sweden
| | - Kumar Thakur
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Nichole O'Connell
- Discovery Sciences-Structure and Biophysics, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Nurix, Inc., 1700 Owens Street, Suite 290, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Discovery Sciences-Structure and Biophysics, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Shire, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA, 02421, USA
| | - Iván Cornella-Taracido
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | - Michael Zinda
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Robert A Goodnow
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Present address: Pharmaron, 303 Wyman Street, Room 322, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - M Paola Castaldi
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
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12
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Casás-Selves M, Zhang AX, Dowling JE, Hallén S, Kawatkar A, Pace NJ, Denz CR, Pontz T, Garahdaghi F, Cao Q, Sabirsh A, Thakur K, O'Connell N, Hu J, Cornella-Taracido I, Weerapana E, Zinda M, Goodnow RA, Castaldi MP. Cover Picture: Target Deconvolution Efforts on Wnt Pathway Screen Reveal Dual Modulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation and SERCA2 (ChemMedChem 12/2017). ChemMedChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matias Casás-Selves
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research; 661 University Avenue, Suite 510 Toronto ON M5G 0A3 Canada
| | - Andrew X. Zhang
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - James E. Dowling
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - Stefan Hallén
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Sweden
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - Nicholas J. Pace
- Department of Chemistry; Boston College; Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Christopher R. Denz
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - Timothy Pontz
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - Farzin Garahdaghi
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Synageva BioPharma Corp.; 33 Hayden Avenue Lexington MA 02421 USA
| | - Qing Cao
- Discovery Sciences-Computational Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Ra Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; 87 Cambridge Park Drive Cambridge MA 02140 USA
| | - Alan Sabirsh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; Pepparedsleden 1 Mölndal 431 83 Sweden
| | - Kumar Thakur
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - Nichole O'Connell
- Discovery Sciences-Structure and Biophysics, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Nurix, Inc.; 1700 Owens Street, Suite 290 San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Discovery Sciences-Structure and Biophysics, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Shire; 300 Shire Way Lexington MA 02421 USA
| | - Iván Cornella-Taracido
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Discovery Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories; 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur Boston MA 02115 USA
| | | | - Michael Zinda
- Oncology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - Robert A. Goodnow
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
- Present address: Pharmaron; 303 Wyman Street, Room 322 Waltham MA 02451 USA
| | - M. Paola Castaldi
- Discovery Sciences-Chemical Biology, Innovative Medicines and Early Discovery Unit, AstraZeneca; 35 Gatehouse Drive Waltham MA 02451 USA
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13
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Vasbinder MM, Alimzhanov M, Augustin M, Bebernitz G, Bell K, Chuaqui C, Deegan T, Ferguson AD, Goodwin K, Huszar D, Kawatkar A, Kawatkar S, Read J, Shi J, Steinbacher S, Steuber H, Su Q, Toader D, Wang H, Woessner R, Wu A, Ye M, Zinda M. Identification of azabenzimidazoles as potent JAK1 selective inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 26:60-7. [PMID: 26614408 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a class of azabenzimidazoles as potent and selective JAK1 inhibitors. Investigations into the SAR are presented along with the structural features required to achieve selectivity for JAK1 versus other JAK family members. An example from the series demonstrated highly selective inhibition of JAK1 versus JAK2 and JAK3, along with inhibition of pSTAT3 in vivo, enabling it to serve as a JAK1 selective tool compound to further probe the biology of JAK1 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Vasbinder
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States.
| | - Marat Alimzhanov
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | | | - Geraldine Bebernitz
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Kirsten Bell
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Claudio Chuaqui
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Tracy Deegan
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Andrew D Ferguson
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Kelly Goodwin
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Dennis Huszar
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Aarti Kawatkar
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Sameer Kawatkar
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Jon Read
- AstraZeneca R&D, Discovery Sciences, Darwin Building, 310 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0WG, UK
| | - Jie Shi
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | | | - Holger Steuber
- Proteros Biostructures GmbH, Martinsried, D-82152, Germany
| | - Qibin Su
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Dorin Toader
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Haixia Wang
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Richard Woessner
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Allan Wu
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Minwei Ye
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
| | - Michael Zinda
- AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Oncology IMED, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, MA 02451, United States
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