1
|
Garcia-Arcos I, Geraghty P, Baumlin N, Campos M, Dabo AJ, Jundi B, Cummins N, Eden E, Grosche A, Salathe M, Foronjy R. Chronic electronic cigarette exposure in mice induces features of COPD in a nicotine-dependent manner. Thorax 2016; 71:1119-1129. [PMID: 27558745 PMCID: PMC5136722 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-208039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of electronic (e)-cigarettes is increasing rapidly, but their lung health effects are not established. Clinical studies examining the potential long-term impact of e-cigarette use on lung health will take decades. To address this gap in knowledge, this study investigated the effects of exposure to aerosolised nicotine-free and nicotine-containing e-cigarette fluid on mouse lungs and normal human airway epithelial cells. METHODS Mice were exposed to aerosolised phosphate-buffered saline, nicotine-free or nicotine-containing e-cigarette solution, 1-hour daily for 4 months. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells cultured at an air-liquid interface were exposed to e-cigarette vapours or nicotine solutions using a Vitrocell smoke exposure robot. RESULTS Inhalation of nicotine-containing e-cigarettes increased airway hyper-reactivity, distal airspace enlargement, mucin production, cytokine and protease expression. Exposure to nicotine-free e-cigarettes did not affect these lung parameters. NHBE cells exposed to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapour showed impaired ciliary beat frequency, airway surface liquid volume, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator and ATP-stimulated K+ ion conductance and decreased expression of FOXJ1 and KCNMA1. Exposure of NHBE cells to nicotine for 5 days increased interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to inhaled nicotine-containing e-cigarette fluids triggered effects normally associated with the development of COPD including cytokine expression, airway hyper-reactivity and lung tissue destruction. These effects were nicotine-dependent both in the mouse lung and in human airway cells, suggesting that inhaled nicotine contributes to airway and lung disease in addition to its addictive properties. Thus, these findings highlight the potential dangers of nicotine inhalation during e-cigarette use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Nathalie Baumlin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Campos
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Abdoulaye Jules Dabo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Bakr Jundi
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Neville Cummins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Health Sciences Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edward Eden
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Roosevelt Health Sciences Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Astrid Grosche
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brehm A, Geraghty P, Campos M, Garcia-Arcos I, Dabo AJ, Gaffney A, Eden E, Jiang XC, D'Armiento J, Foronjy R. Cathepsin G degradation of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) augments pulmonary inflammation. FASEB J 2014; 28:2318-31. [PMID: 24532668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-246843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) regulates phospholipid transport in the circulation and is highly expressed within the lung epithelium, where it is secreted into the alveolar space. Since PLTP expression is increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), this study aimed to determine how PLTP affects lung signaling and inflammation. Despite its increased expression, PLTP activity decreased by 80% in COPD bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) due to serine protease cleavage, primarily by cathepsin G. Likewise, PLTP BALF activity levels decreased by 20 and 40% in smoke-exposed mice and in the media of smoke-treated small airway epithelial (SAE) cells, respectively. To assess how PLTP affected inflammatory responses in a lung injury model, PLTP siRNA or recombinant protein was administered to the lungs of mice prior to LPS challenge. Silencing PLTP at baseline caused a 68% increase in inflammatory cell infiltration, a 120 and 340% increase in ERK and NF-κB activation, and increased MMP-9, IL1β, and IFN-γ levels after LPS treatment by 39, 140, and 190%, respectively. Conversely, PLTP protein administration countered these effects in this model. Thus, these findings establish a novel anti-inflammatory function of PLTP in the lung and suggest that proteolytic cleavage of PLTP by cathepsin G may enhance the injurious inflammatory responses that occur in COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Brehm
- 2Department of Medicine, St. Luke's Roosevelt, Mt. Sinai Health System, Antenucci Bldg., 432 West 58th St., Rm. 311, New York, NY 10019, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|