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Kwaghe AV, Ameh JA, Kudi CA, Ambali AG, Adesokan HK, Akinseye VO, Adelakun OD, Usman JG, Cadmus SI. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in cattle and humans, Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:7. [PMID: 36624395 PMCID: PMC9827019 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Globally, the highest burden of bovine and human tuberculosis resides in Africa and Asia. Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading single infectious killer after severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARSCOV-2). Bovine TB remains a treat to wild and domesticated animals, humans and hinders international trade in endemic countries like Nigeria. We aimed at determining the prevalence of bovine and human tuberculosis, and the spoligotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in cattle and humans in Maiduguri. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study on bovine and human tuberculosis in Maiduguri, Borno state. We calculated sample size using the method of Thrusfield. Lesions suggestive of TB from 160 slaughtered cattle were obtained from Maiduguri Central Abattoir. Sputum samples from humans; 82 abattoir workers and 147 suspected TB patients from hospitals/clinics were obtained. Lesions and sputum samples were cultured for the isolation of Mycobacterium spp. Positive cultures were subjected genus typing, deletion analysis and selected isolates were spoligotyped. Data was analysed using SPSS VERSION 16.0. RESULTS Prevalence of 32.5% (52/160) was obtained in cattle. Damboa local government area (LGA), where majority of the infected animals were obtained from had 35.5% bTB prevalence. All categories analysed (breed, age, sex, body conformation and score) had P-values that were not significant (P > 0.05). Sputum culture revealed a prevalence of 3.7% (3/82) from abattoir workers and 12.2% from hospitals/clinics. A significant P-value (0.03) was obtained when positive culture from abattoir and that of hospitals/clinics were compared. Out of the 52 culture positive isolates obtained from cattle, 26 (50%) belonged to M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) and 17/26 (65.4%) were characterized as M. bovis. In humans, 7/12 (58.3%) MTC obtained were characterized as M. tuberculosis. Spoligotyping revealed SB0944 and SB1025 in cattle, while SIT838, SIT61 of LAM10_CAM and SIT1054, SIT46 of Haarlem (H) families were obtained from humans. CONCLUSIONS Cattle in Damboa LGA need to be screened for bTB as majority of the infected animals were brought from there. Our findings revealed the presence of SB0944 and SB1025 spoligotypes from cattle in Borno state. We isolated M. tuberculosis strain of the H family mainly domiciled in Europe from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayi Vandi Kwaghe
- grid.473394.e0000 0004 1785 2322Department of Veterinary and Pest Control Services, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, P. M. B. 135, Area 11, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria ,Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - James Agbo Ameh
- grid.413003.50000 0000 8883 6523Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Caleb Ayuba Kudi
- grid.411225.10000 0004 1937 1493Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Zaria, Kaduna State Nigeria
| | - Abdul-Ganiyu Ambali
- grid.412974.d0000 0001 0625 9425Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria
| | - Hezekiah Kehinde Adesokan
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Victor Oluwatoyin Akinseye
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria ,Department of Chemical Sciences, Augustine University Ilara-Epe, Epe, Lagos State Nigeria
| | - Olubukola Deborah Adelakun
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Joy Gararawa Usman
- grid.419813.6National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Simeon Idowu Cadmus
- grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
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Raufu IA, Ahmed OA, Aremu A, Ameh JA, Timme RE, Hendriksen RS, Ambali A. Antimicrobial and Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Nigeria from Pigs and Poultry in Ilorin, North-central, Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries 2021; 15:1899-1909. [PMID: 35044949 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-typhoidal Salmonella are major foodborne pathogens causing serious challenges to public health and food safety worldwide. This study aimed to determine the resistance, virulence genes, sequence type, using multi-locus sequence typing, plasmids and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Nigeria (S. Nigeria) from livestock in Ilorin, North central Nigeria. METHODOLOGY A total of 1,500 samples from pig (feces; n = 600) and poultry (feces, postmortem samples; n = 900) were collected and analyzed between 2014 to 2017. Presumptive Salmonella isolates were characterized by Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS). RESULTS We recovered nine S. Nigeria serovars. All the isolates harbored a single point mutation parC(T57S) in addition to qnrB19 and the tetA gene. Furthermore, two plasmids, Col(pHAD28) and IncQ1 predicted to encode qnrB19 and tetA genes, respectively, were detected in all the strains. All the isolates belonged to a single sequence type (ST) 4911, the SNP-based phylogeny showed all the isolates to be highly related, in addition two clinical isolates from the United Kingdom (UK) and Canada, collected outside of this study, also fell into this cluster. Twenty virulence genes were identified from Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI), chromosomal and fimbriae loci. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the roles of pig and poultry in the emergence and spread of S. Nigeria serovar in Nigeria, sub-Sahara Africa. It also highlighted the importance of WGS in clinical and epidemiological surveillance. There is the need for collaborative research studies to investigate the public health importance of Salmonella enterica serovar Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Raufu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - Olayiwola A Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Abdulfatai Aremu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - James A Ameh
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ruth E Timme
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Rene S Hendriksen
- WHO Collaborating Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Food borne Pathogens and European Union Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - AbdulGaniyu Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Ahmed A, Raufu I, Odetokun I, Oladunni F, Akorede G, Ghali I, Ameen S, Okosi I, Ameh J, Ambali A. Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Salmonella Species From Patients Attending Hospitals and Diagnostic Laboratories in Maiduguri, Northeastern Nigeria. AJVS 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/ajvs.199165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Hambali I, Adamu N, Ahmed M, Bokko P, Mbaya A, Tijjani A, Biu A, Jesse F, Ambali A. Sero-prevalence of Schistosoma species in cattle in Maiduguri Metropolis and Jere Local Government Areas of Borno State, Nigeria. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2016. [DOI: 10.5455/javar.2016.c132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Geidam YA, Ambali AG, Onyeyili PA, Tijjani MB, Gambo HI, Gulani IA. Antibacterial efficacy of ethyl acetate fraction of Psidium guajava leaf aqueous extract on experimental Escherichia coli (O78) infection in chickens. Vet World 2015; 8:358-62. [PMID: 27047097 PMCID: PMC4774843 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.358-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study was desingned to examine the efficacy of ethyl acetate fraction of aqueous extracted Psidium guajava leaves on chicks experimentally-infected with diarrheagenic strain of Escherichia coli O78. METHODS A total of 60 ISA brown male chicks were randomly divided into 6 Groups of ten chicks each in separate cages. Group A was not infected and not treated. Groups B, C and D were infected and treated with extracts at a dose of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg respectively for 10 days. Group E was infected and treated with oxytetracycline while Group F was infected, but left untreated. Chicks from all groups were closely monitored for clinical signs, body weight change and fecal bacterial shedding load during the course of the experiment. RESULTS Diarrhea, vents pasted with feces, drop in feed intake accompanied by slow weight gain and decreased activity was observed in infected untreated groups. Groups treated with graded doses of the extract experienced a dose-dependent decreased in severity of the clinical signs shown compared to the infected untreated group. Bacterial shedding load was found to be lower in groups treated with the extract and oxytetracycline than those without intervention. CONCLUSION Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of leaf extract of Psidium guajava effectively controlled diarrhea and decreased the severity of other clinical signs caused by experimental E. coli infections in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Geidam
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - A G Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - P A Onyeyili
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - M B Tijjani
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - H I Gambo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - I A Gulani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B. 1069, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Raufu IA, Zongur L, Lawan FA, Bello HS, Adamu MS, Ameh JA, Ambali AG. Prevalence and antimicrobial profiles of Salmonella serovars from vegetables in Maiduguri, North eastern Nigeria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/sokjvs.v12i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Raufu I, Bortolaia V, Svendsen CA, Ameh JA, Ambali AG, Aarestrup FM, Hendriksen RS. The first attempt of an active integrated laboratory-based Salmonella surveillance programme in the north-eastern region of Nigeria. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1059-67. [PMID: 23848364 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the sources of Salmonella contamination, distribution, prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, which have significant impact on public and animal health, and international trade. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1888 samples were collected by stratified random sampling from 2009 to 2011 from cattle, camels, poultry, fish, vegetables and humans. All identified Salmonella isolates were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by MIC determinations. A total of 149 Salmonella isolates comprising 17 different serovars were obtained (7·9% prevalence). Salmonella Hadar (37%), S. Eko (17%), S. Enteritidis (10%), S. Kentucky (7%) and S. Uganda (7%) were isolated from different sources. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance was generally low, but S. Enteritidis and S. Eko showed variable antimicrobial resistance patterns, while all S. Kentucky isolates were resistant to seven of 17 tested antimicrobials, including ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Three S. Hadar isolates revealed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and susceptibility to nalidixic acid and harboured the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrS1. CONCLUSIONS Salmonella serovars Hadar, Enteritidis and the previously very rarely reported Eko were the major serovars associated with human infections, animal and environmental contamination in the north-eastern region of Nigeria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These serovars constitute a health risk to poultry, environment and human population in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Raufu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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El-Houadfi M, Jones RC, Cook JK, Ambali AG. The isolation and characterisation of six avian infectious bronchitis viruses isolated in Morocco. Avian Pathol 2008; 15:93-105. [PMID: 18766508 DOI: 10.1080/03079458608436269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The first isolation and characterisation of infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses from poultry flocks in Morocco are reported. Five isolates designated D, E, F, H and M were related serologically to the Massachusetts serotype, while the sixth, isolate G, was found to be different from any previously reported serotype of IB virus. Neutralising antibodies to isolate G have been detected in sera collected from commercial flocks in Britain, although the virus has not been isolated. While all six isolates caused respiratory disease typical of IB in experimentally infected 3-week-old specified pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, isolate G was unusual in that it could be isolated from several parts of the alimentary tract for up to 21 days post inoculation, and from the duodenum up to 28 days. H120 vaccines protected chicks challenged with isolates E and F but not isolate G.
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Affiliation(s)
- M El-Houadfi
- Department de Pathologie Aviaire, Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire, Rabat-Agdal, Morocco
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Kanellos TS, Sylvester ID, Butler VL, Ambali AG, Partidos CD, Hamblin AS, Russell PH. Mammalian granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and some CpG motifs have an effect on the immunogenicity of DNA and subunit vaccines in fish. Immunology 1999; 96:507-10. [PMID: 10233734 PMCID: PMC2326791 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A eukaryotic plasmid DNA carrying the AACGTT CpG motif in its ampR gene is a 'danger' signal for mice and caused an increase in the specific antibody titres of fish and mice after immunization with beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). A second pUC-based plasmid, which is inactive in mice and contains the GACGTC CpG motif in its cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, had no effect on antibody responses to beta-gal in either fish or mice. A synthetic oligonucleotide, which contains the GACGTT motif, potentiated antibody responses to co-administered beta-gal protein in mice, but not in fish. This is early evidence that lower and higher vertebrates recognize different unmethylated CpG motifs as 'danger' signals. In addition, plasmid DNA expressing mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) had a marked effect on cytotoxic T-cell-like activity in fish by reducing the average number of myofibres that expressed beta-gal, 28 days after co-injection with plasmid DNA expressing beta-gal. Although the mechanism by which the mouse GM-CSF exerted its biological effects in fish is unknown, this finding might have important implications for fish vaccination, particularly when cytotoxic T cells may play a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Kanellos
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
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Abstract
A plasmid that contained the cytomegalovirus (CMV)-promoter-driven lacZ reporter gene (pCMV-lacZ) remained in the epaxial muscle of five of eight goldfish as covalently closed circles, the most functional form of plasmid, for at least 70 days at 22 degrees. It was not present in the gills or elsewhere by polymerase chain reaction and was not integrated. Its expressed protein, Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), which was in the injected myofibres, was detected in all the fish at 4-21 days and in about half the fish from 28 days until the end of the experiment at 70 days. The numbers of cells that secreted antibody to beta-gal in the kidney peaked at 14 days. Serum antibody and proliferating kidney cells to beta-gal were in all fish from 14 days with a plateau of the responses from 21 days onwards. The plasmid did not induce autoimmune-like antibodies to itself or to single- or double-stranded salmon testis DNA. Plasmids can therefore induce long-term foreign protein expression whilst inducing humoral and cell-mediated immunity without autoimmunity or integration in goldfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanellos
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London, UK
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Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) is an economically important disease of chickens. Recent studies have revealed enterotropism by at least one strain of AIB virus with pathological lesions in parts of the gut. This review highlights the findings of the studies so far made on this enterotropic strain of AIB virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Ambali AG, Jones RC. Effects of trypsin and sodium tauroglycocholate on an enterotropic variant of IB virus. Vet Rec 1991; 129:510-1. [PMID: 1664553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A G Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, South Wirral
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Ambali AG, Jones RC. Early pathogenesis in chicks of infection with an enterotropic strain of infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Dis 1990; 34:809-17. [PMID: 2177973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One-day-old specific-pathogen-free chicks were inoculated intranasally and intraocularly with infectious bronchitis virus (strain G). At days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 postinfection, three birds were euthanatized, and the virus contents of both enteric tissues and some non-enteric tissues were assayed. Immunofluorescence and histopathological studies were also conducted. Six of 30 chicks died of nephritis between days 5-10 postinfection. Gross kidney lesions were the major pathological abnormalities. Inflammation was observed histologically in trachea, kidney, and rectum. High virus titers were found at various times in trachea, kidney, and all enteric tissues except for the jejunum. Relatively high titers of virus were still detectable at day 14 postinfection in the kidney, proventriculus, cecal tonsil, ileum, rectum, and bursa of Fabricius. Immunofluorescence staining showed viral antigens in enterocytes at the tips of villi in the ileum and rectum, and in the bursa. Viral antigens were also demonstrated in the epithelial cells of the trachea and in kidney tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ambali
- University of Liverpool, Department of Veterinary Pathology, South Wirral, England
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Ambali AG, Jones RC. The effects of three reproductive hormones and cortisone on the replication of avian infectious bronchitis virus in vitro. Rev Roum Virol 1990; 41:151-6. [PMID: 1966009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The in-vitro effects of three reproductive hormones (progesterone, oestrogen testosterone), and cortisone on the replication of infectious bronchitis (IB) virus strain G were investigated over a period of 36 hours using tracheal organ cultures as the culture system. The non-toxic concentration of each hormone for the culture system was first determined. These were found to be 3 micrograms/ml for progesterone, testosterone, and cortisone, and 1 micrograms/ml for oestrogen. The results were based on the assay of the extracellular virus production from both hormone treated and untreated infected cultures at specific intervals up to and including 36 hours. While oestrogen, testosterone, and cortisone were found to enhance the replication of the virus, no significant effect was noticed following treatment with progesterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ambali
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
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Jones RC, Ambali AG. Re-excretion of an enterotropic infectious bronchitis virus by hens at point of lay after experimental infection at day old. Vet Rec 1987; 120:617-8. [PMID: 2820108 DOI: 10.1136/vr.120.26.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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