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Almansour A, Addison O, Bartlett D. The effect of location/site on polished human enamel after mechanical and chemical wear. J Dent 2024; 141:104803. [PMID: 38103825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare profilometry and microhardness of polished occlusal and buccal human enamel following a mechanical and chemical wear regime. METHODS Enamel from polished human molars were sectioned into buccal and occlusal surfaces and randomly allocated into two groups (n = 10) and then exposed to 0.3 % citric acid at pH 2.7 for 10, 20, 40 and 60 mins each followed by abrasion with non-fluoridated toothpaste for 240 strokes in a reciprocating brushing machine. A white light profilometer with a spot size of 12 um measured mean step-height following each cycle. Microhardness indentations were conducted following the final cycled 60 mins erosion/abrasion using 0.01, 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 and 2.5 kgf indentation load. Statistical disparity were evaluated using a two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Sidak's multiple comparisons tests at α = 0.05. RESULTS After erosion/abrasion, the mean (SD) step-heights on occlusal and buccal surfaces were not significantly different until 60 mins, when occlusal surfaces exhibited greater step-heights, 32.9 µm (2.8) and 31.1 µm (1.8) and p = 0.02, respectively. Buccal and occlusal microhardness was statistically lower following erosion/abrasion at loads of 0.01 kgf (p = 0.0005) and 0.02 kgf (p = 0.0006) but no significant differences were observed in the microhardness between the surfaces at any loads. CONCLUSION The occlusal and buccal surfaces were not statistically different for microhardness or step height suggesting the susceptibility to wear is not related to the anatomy and structure of the tooth and is more likely related to other factors such as the environment. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The study emphasizes that a notable difference in wear between occlusal and buccal enamel surfaces emerges only after prolonged exposure to simultaneous chemical and mechanical stress. This finding necessitates a preventive dental approach that accounts for both the duration of exposure and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almansour
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; College of Dentistry, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Owen Addison
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David Bartlett
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Almejrad L, Almansour A, Bartlett D, Austin R. CAD/CAM leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic for simulation of attrition in human enamel in vitro. Dent Mater 2024; 40:173-178. [PMID: 37951749 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigate attrition simulation using CAD/CAM leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic antagonists on occlusal vs. buccal enamel. METHODS Three dental materials with known wear rates (resin-modified glass-ionomer, micro-filled, and fine particle composites) validated the wear simulator (CAD/CAM glass-ceramic antagonists, 200 cycles, 80 N load, deionised water irrigation, 0.7 mm sliding movement). Following this, human molars were sectioned into paired occlusal and buccal polished samples (n = 8/gp). Exposed 1.5 mm Ø enamel areas were subjected to attritional wear with and without pre-immersion in citric acid (5 min, 0.3%, pH 3.8). Profilometry measured step-height enamel wear and surface microhardness at different depths was calculated using Vickers indentation at 0.1 N and 0.5 N loads. RESULTS Dental material wear using the CAD/CAM antagonists showed consistency with previous data: mean (SD) resin-modified glass ionomer material loss of 177.77 (16.89) µm vs. 22.15 (1.30) µm fine particle hybrid composite resin wear vs. 13.63 (1.02) µm micro filled composite resin wear (P < 0.001). The coefficient of variation was less than 10%. Following validation, enamel sample wear was significantly increased when attrition was introduced (P < 0.001) independent of buccal vs. occlusal sample location (P < 0.05). Attrition resulted in occlusal wear of 26.1 ± 4.5 µm vs. buccal 26.3 ± 1.2 µm and attrition/erosion resulted in occlusal wear of 26.05 ± 4.46 µm vs. buccal 25.27 ± 1.16 µm. Whereas erosion-alone resulted in occlusal wear of 1.65 ± 0.13 µm and buccal 1.75 ± 0.03 µm. Microhardness testing at different loads revealed significantly greater hardness reductions in occlusal enamel vs. buccal enamel for 0.1 KgF indentations (P < 0.001) whereas in contrast 0.5 KgF indentations showed no differences. SIGNIFICANCE Wear simulation with CAD/CAM glass ceramic antagonists produced consistent wear in dental materials and human enamel, regardless of enamel surface origin. Lighter (0.1 KgF) hardness testing of occlusal vs. buccal origin revealed damage to the mechanical integrity of the superficial worn enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Almejrad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; King Saud University, Collage of Dentistry, Prosthetic Dental Science Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almansour
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK; King Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, College of Dentistry, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - David Bartlett
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Rupert Austin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Centre for Oral, Clinical & Translational Sciences, King's College London, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Morya RE, Alamoudi A, Ghaddaf AA, Taher NO, Almansour A, Alnahdi WA, Alghamdi S. Public awareness about glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy in Saudi Arabia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:3853-3890. [PMID: 37314586 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the public level of knowledge about the common ophthalmological conditions in Saudi Arabia. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for relevant literature. We included questionnaire-based cross-sectional studies performed in Saudi Arabia assessing the public awareness and attitude about general knowledge, causes/risk factors, signs/symptoms, disabilities/consequences, and relieving/management measures of the common ophthalmological conditions including glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy (DR). The meta-analysis was performed on outcomes reported in ≥ 2 studies utilizing the random-effects model. Quality assessment was done using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) tool. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. A total of 72 questions were reported in ≥ 2 studies and were included in the meta-analysis. The total number of participants was 14,408. The meta-analysis estimated that 57.63% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.87-60.07%), 69.90% (95% CI 67.02-76.07%), and 68.65% (95% CI 65.94-71.23%) of the Saudi public have you ever heard or read about glaucoma, cataract, and DR, respectively. Of the public surveyed in the included studies, 43.68% (95% CI 41.54-45.85%), 55.43% (95% CI 54.03-56.82%), and 63% (95% CI 60.8-65.1%) believed that glaucoma, cataract, and DR could be treated. CONCLUSION This systematic review showed that the level of knowledge among the Saudi population about the common ophthalmological conditions was the highest with respect to cataract, followed by DR and glaucoma. The areas of unsatisfactory level of awareness about the common ophthalmological conditions included risk factors, signs/symptoms, complications, and management options. These areas need to be addressed appropriately by future educational interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roaa E Morya
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Alamoudi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Ghaddaf
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nada Omar Taher
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almansour
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wejdan A Alnahdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alghamdi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Almansour A, Alawad M, Aljouie A, Almatar H, Qureshi W, Alabdulkader B, Alkanhal N, Abdul W, Almufarrej M, Gangadharan S, Aldebasi T, Alsomaie B, Almazroa A. Peripapillary atrophy classification using CNN deep learning for glaucoma screening. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275446. [PMID: 36201448 PMCID: PMC9536646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, and peripapillary atrophy (PPA) is a morphological symptom associated with it. Therefore, it is necessary to clinically detect PPA for glaucoma diagnosis. This study was aimed at developing a detection method for PPA using fundus images with deep learning algorithms to be used by ophthalmologists or optometrists for screening purposes. The model was developed based on localization for the region of interest (ROI) using a mask region-based convolutional neural networks R-CNN and a classification network for the presence of PPA using CNN deep learning algorithms. A total of 2,472 images, obtained from five public sources and one Saudi-based resource (King Abdullah International Medical Research Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), were used to train and test the model. First the images from public sources were analyzed, followed by those from local sources, and finally, images from both sources were analyzed together. In testing the classification model, the area under the curve's (AUC) scores of 0.83, 0.89, and 0.87 were obtained for the local, public, and combined sets, respectively. The developed model will assist in diagnosing glaucoma in screening programs; however, more research is needed on segmenting the PPA boundaries for more detailed PPA detection, which can be combined with optic disc and cup boundaries to calculate the cup-to-disc ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Almansour
- Department of Imaging Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alawad
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Aljouie
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa Almatar
- Department of Imaging Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Qureshi
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balsam Alabdulkader
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Alkanhal
- Department of Imaging Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadood Abdul
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Almufarrej
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiji Gangadharan
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Aldebasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Barrak Alsomaie
- Department of Imaging Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almazroa
- Department of Imaging Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Degnah A, Alnaser HF, Nasr M, Alsaif F, Almansour A, Junaedi H, Aijaz MO. Mechanical properties investigation on the effect of 3D cross-links on polymer matrix reinforced by glass fiber. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Alshahrani M, Almansour A, Alkhaldi A, Thafar MA, Uludag M, Essack M, Hoehndorf R. Combining biomedical knowledge graphs and text to improve predictions for drug-target interactions and drug-indications. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13061. [PMID: 35402106 PMCID: PMC8988936 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical knowledge is represented in structured databases and published in biomedical literature, and different computational approaches have been developed to exploit each type of information in predictive models. However, the information in structured databases and literature is often complementary. We developed a machine learning method that combines information from literature and databases to predict drug targets and indications. To effectively utilize information in published literature, we integrate knowledge graphs and published literature using named entity recognition and normalization before applying a machine learning model that utilizes the combination of graph and literature. We then use supervised machine learning to show the effects of combining features from biomedical knowledge and published literature on the prediction of drug targets and drug indications. We demonstrate that our approach using datasets for drug-target interactions and drug indications is scalable to large graphs and can be used to improve the ranking of targets and indications by exploiting features from either structure or unstructured information alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alshahrani
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almansour
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Alkhaldi
- National Center for Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Saudi Data and Artificial Intelligence Authority (SDAIA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Thafar
- College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia,Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmut Uludag
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Alikhani M, Alikhani M, Alansari S, Almansour A, Hamidaddin MA, Khoo E, Lopez JA, Nervina JM, Nho JY, Oliveira SM, Sangsuwon C, Teixeira CC. Therapeutic effect of localized vibration on alveolar bone of osteoporotic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211004. [PMID: 30695073 PMCID: PMC6350965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vibration, in the form of high frequency acceleration (HFA), stimulates alveolar bone formation under physiologic conditions and during healing after dental extractions. It is not known if HFA has an anabolic effect on osteoporotic alveolar bone. Our objective is to determine if HFA has a regenerative effect on osteoporotic alveolar bone. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: 1) Ovariectomized Group (OVX), 2) Sham-OVX Group that received surgery without ovariectomy, 3) OVX-HFA Group that was ovariectomized and treated daily with HFA, 4) OVX+Static Force Group that was ovariectomized and received the same force as HFA, but without vibration, and 5) Control Group that did not receive any treatment. All animals were fed a low mineral diet for 3 months. Osteoporosis was confirmed by micro-CT of the fifth lumbar vertebra and femoral head. HFA was applied to the maxillary first molar for 5 minutes/day for 28 and 56 days. Maxillae were collected for micro-CT, histology, fluorescent microscopy, protein and RNA analysis, and three-point bending mechanical testing. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis revealed significant alveolar bone osteoporosis in the OVX group. Vibration restored the quality and quantity of alveolar bone to levels similar to the Sham-OVX group. Animals exposed to HFA demonstrated higher osteoblast activity and lower osteoclast activity. Osteogenic transcription factors (RUNX2, Foxo1, Osterix and Wnt signaling factors) were upregulated following vibration, while RANKL/RANK and Sclerostin were downregulated. HFA did not affect serum TRAcP-5b or CTx-1 levels. The osteogenic effect was highest at the point of HFA application and extended along the hemimaxillae this effect did not cross to the contra-lateral side. CONCLUSIONS Local application of vibration generated gradients of increased anabolic metabolism and decreased catabolic metabolism in alveolar bone of osteoporotic rats. Our findings suggest that HFA could be a predictable treatment for diminished alveolar bone levels in osteoporosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Alikhani
- Advanced Graduate Education Program in Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Mona Alikhani
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sarah Alansari
- The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | | | - Edmund Khoo
- Department of Orthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jose A Lopez
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Joo Y Nho
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Serafim M Oliveira
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Chinapa Sangsuwon
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristina C Teixeira
- CTOR Academy, Hoboken, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Basic Science & Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
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Alikhani M, Chou MY, Khoo E, Alansari S, Kwal R, Elfersi T, Almansour A, Sangsuwon C, Al Jearah M, Nervina JM, Teixeira CC. Age-dependent biologic response to orthodontic forces. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2018; 153:632-644. [PMID: 29706211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic tooth movement results from increased inflammation and osteoclast activation. Since patients of all ages now routinely seek orthodontics treatment, we investigated whether age-dependent biologic responses to orthodontic force correlate with the rate of tooth movement. METHODS We studied 18 healthy subjects, adolescents (11-14 years) and adults (21-45 years), with Class II Division 1 malocclusion requiring 4 first premolar extractions. Canines were retracted with a constant force of 50 cN. Gingival crevicular fluid was collected before orthodontic treatment and at days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after the canine retraction. Cytokine (IL-1β, CCL2, TNF-α) and osteoclast markers (RANKL and MMP-9) were measured using antibody-based protein assays. Pain and discomfort were monitored with a numeric rating scale. The canine retraction rate was measured from study models taken at days 28 and 56. RESULTS Although the cytokine and osteoclast markers increased significantly in both age groups at days 1, 7, and 14, the increases were greater in adults than in adolescents. Interestingly, the rate of tooth movement in adults was significantly slower than in adolescents over the 56-day study period. Adults also reported significantly more discomfort and pain. CONCLUSIONS Age is a significant variable contributing to the biologic response to orthodontic tooth movement. Adults exhibited a significantly higher level of cytokine and osteoclasts activity but, counterintuitively, had a significantly slower rate of tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Alikhani
- Advanced Graduate Education Program in Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass; Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Mass; Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ
| | - Michelle Y Chou
- Advanced Graduate Education Program in Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Mass
| | - Edmund Khoo
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ
| | - Sarah Alansari
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ
| | | | | | - Abdullah Almansour
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Chinapa Sangsuwon
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Mohammed Al Jearah
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Jeanne M Nervina
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Cristina C Teixeira
- Consortium for Translational Orthodontic Research, Hoboken, NJ; Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY.
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