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Karim SI, Irfan F, Saad H, Alqhtani M, Alsharhan A, Alzahrani A, Alhawas F, Alatawi S, Alassiri M, Ahmed AMA. Correction: Men's knowledge, attitude, and barriers towards emergency contraception: A facility based cross-sectional study at King Saud University Medical City. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303464. [PMID: 38696534 PMCID: PMC11065197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249292.].
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Alfaris E, Alhazzani Y, Alkhenizan A, Irfan F, Almoneef N, Alyousefi N, Alfaris H, Alodhaibi K, Ahmed AMA. Assessing the Validity of Health Messages Used by the Saudi Public in WhatsApp. Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:67-73. [PMID: 36632071 PMCID: PMC9829413 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s397661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE WhatsApp is the most frequently used social media platform in Saudi Arabia. Inaccurate information could negatively impact public health. The number of studies worldwide investigating health-related misinformation in social media increased steadily, with limited data from Arabic-speaking communities. This study aimed to estimate the validity and safety of Arabic-language health information messages circulated on WhatsApp and identify the different categories of these messages based on their credibility. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A descriptive, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2021. A total of 374 students were randomly selected from the common first preparatory year college at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and participated by sharing up to three health-related WhatsApp messages per student that they or their relatives had recently read. Four board-certified physicians reviewed and classified the messages based on their credibility and sources. RESULTS 282 students provided 326 messages (1.2 messages per student). Most messages (86%) had either invalid or inaccurate content, and 83.7% came from unknown sources. Only 26 messages (8%) of the total were written by trusted scientific sources. Most of the messages from unknown sources or unqualified persons were either invalid or invalid, with potential health risks for the public, and the difference from trusted sources was statistically significant. CONCLUSION This study showed a high percentage of inaccurate and invalid health-related messages on WhatsApp. Invalid messages with potential health risks were authored mostly by unknown sources or unqualified persons. Most health messages written by trusted authorities and qualified persons were valid. Trusted scientific authorities should thus be more active in public education on social media platforms. They should advise their communities on how to discern the validity of such messages. More efforts are needed to guide patients from where to obtain accurate and valid health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiad Alfaris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Eiad Alfaris, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine (34), College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia, Email ;
| | - Yasser Alhazzani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkhenizan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Family Medicine and Polyclinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Almoneef
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Family Medicine and Polyclinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alyousefi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alfaris
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Department of Internal Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khitam Alodhaibi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Family Medicine and Polyclinics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M A Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Karim SI, Irfan F, Haris S, Al-Maflehi N, Ahmed AMA, Ponnamperuma G, Al Sayyari S, Al Faris E. Relationship Between Socio-Demographics, Study Skills and Distress Among Pakistani School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:587-598. [PMID: 36890853 PMCID: PMC9987450 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s394481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The increasing prevalence of distress among students is of global concern. Several factors such as school and family environment and ineffective study skills could influence mental health. The study explored the rate of distress symptoms among school students' and its relationship with their study skills, stressors and demographic factors. Methods In this cross-sectional analytical study, a sample of 215 students from a community school participated in the study. Three questionnaires, demographic questionnaire, Study Skills Inventory and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise linear regression. Results Response rate was 70% (n = 150). A high proportion of respondents (75%) was distressed (mean 27.28 ± 8.77). Correlation analysis showed that distress (K10 score) was negatively related to study skills (SSI total score) (r = -0.247, p = 0.002). The rate of distress symptoms was higher among female students (79%) compared to their male counterparts (72%). The factors associated with distress included negative association of teachers' level of help to develop competencies (p = 0.000, β = -0.278, R2 = 0.249), unfavorable school environment (p = 0.000, β = 0.285, R2 = 0.123), inability to cope with studies (p = 0.005, β = 0.205, R2 = 0.038), family problems (p = 0.014, β = 0.184, R2 = 0.173) and lower study skills (p = 0.031, β = -0.164, R2 = 0.270). The overall regression analysis explained 33.6% of the variance (corrected R2 = 0.336). Conclusion Higher than expected levels of distress (75%) was found in immigrant school students. Poor study skills have a significant relationship with distress. Learning environment and related stress factors were associated with distress among students. Based on the findings, it is recommended that stakeholders in education address the hidden curriculum, as it is usually unacknowledged and might affect students' wellbeing, and move from student centered to an interpersonal relation-centered education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Irfan Karim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nassr Al-Maflehi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M A Ahmed
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Eiad Al Faris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alfaris E, Irfan F, Alosaimi FD, Shaffi Ahamed S, Ponnamperuma G, Ahmed AMA, Almousa H, Almotairi N, AlWahibi T, AlQuaeefli M, AlFwzan F, Alomem T, Al-Eraky MM. Does professionalism change with different sociodemographic variables? A survey of Arab medical residents. Ann Med 2022; 54:2191-2203. [PMID: 35989634 PMCID: PMC9397477 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2105390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical professionalism reflects the commitment of physicians to their patients, society, themselves, and the profession. The study examined residents' attitudes towards professionalism and how these attitudes vary among the different demographic groups, namely gender, specialty, and year of residency. METHODS A proportionate random sampling strategy was used to select the study sample. Medical residents from six specialties at a large tertiary care teaching facility were invited to participate in an online survey. The survey used the modified Learners Attitude of Medical Professionalism Scale (LAMPS), which consists of five domains: respect, excellence, altruism, duty/accountability, and integrity. Chi-square, Student t-test, one-way ANOVA, factorial ANOVA, and post hoc analysis were used to examine the attitudinal differences towards professionalism among the different demographic factors. RESULTS The overall response rate was 82.7%. Overall, the residents' self-reported attitudes towards professionalism was positive. The highest score was for the "respect" domain (4.61), and the lowest was for "altruism" (3.67). No significant association was found between the mean scores and the three studied variables, namely, gender, specialty (surgical/nonsurgical), and level (senior/junior). CONCLUSIONS No significant differences were observed in the overall attitude towards professionalism among the residents regarding their year of residency, gender, and specialty. The low altruism score and absence of improvement of the total score regarding the residents' increasing experience in the profession are concerns that need remedial action. Therefore, we suggest that future research look for possible explanations by using multi-institutional surveys that explore not only the residents' attitudes, but also the trainers' attitudes and practice, work situations, the hidden curriculum, and culture. Key messagesAttitudes towards professionalism among different demographic groups of residents do not show similar variations as has been reported in the literature, albeit in different sociocultural contexts.The low altruism score and absence of improvement of the total score as the residents gained more experience in the profession are concerns that need remedial action.A longitudinal study involving more than one institution for both residents and their faculty members to compare faculty scores with those of residents, while controlling for specialty and gender, may help elucidate the factors affecting attitudes towards professionalism and suggest possible means of addressing unfavourable attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiad Alfaris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad D Alosaimi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Shaffi Ahamed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Abdullah M A Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Almousa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Almotairi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamim AlWahibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Faisal AlFwzan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq Alomem
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Al-Eraky
- Department of Medical Education, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Karim SI, Irfan F, Saad H, Alqhtani M, Alsharhan A, Alzhrani A, Alhawas F, Alatawi S, Alassiri M, M. A. Ahmed A. Men's knowledge, attitude, and barriers towards emergency contraception: A facility based cross-sectional study at King Saud University Medical City. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249292. [PMID: 33901184 PMCID: PMC8075244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male partners have a considerable role in influencing women's contraceptive decision making to reduce the chance of unintended pregnancy. Most studies are focused on women's knowledge and barriers for emergency contraception (EC) use. There is limited research on this topic from the male perspective. This study aimed to gather baseline data on men's knowledge, attitudes and barriers about EC. METHODS Descriptive analytic cross-sectional study was conducted from Dec 2019 -May 2020 at the King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH); a teaching facility with general and subspecialty medical services in King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and Chi square tests were used. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find significant predictors for EC awareness and use. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 461 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate 86%). The majority (82%) of the participants were unaware of EC; with only 18% having some knowledge. Knowledgeable men had positive attitudes (73.5%) about EC as compared to non- knowledgeable ones (55.0%). Factors found to be associated with less knowledge of EC were cultural [0.46, 95%CI 0.22. 0.96] and religious unacceptability [OR 0.51, 95%CI 0.29, 0.89)]. Higher level of education [OR 1.83, 95%CI 0.94, 3.53] was associated with more knowledge regarding EC. The study showed that correct information about using contraceptives within 3 days of unprotected sex [OR 4.96, 95%CI 1.81, 13.60]; availability without prescription [OR 5.06, 95%CI 1.68, 15.30], EC advertisement [OR 4.84, 95%CI 0.96, 24.27] and receipt of information from family/friends [OR 18.50, 95%CI 5.19, 65.93] were factors that contributed to men using EC. CONCLUSION The current knowledge of EC among men is limited. Social determinants affect these levels of knowledge, as well as the usage of EC. Factors that were associated with the use of ECPs were correct knowledge, advertisement, availability and receipt of information from family/friends. The findings highlight the need to educate men on this important topic to avoid unintended pregnancy, keeping in view cultural and social values. Future qualitative studies are needed to understand the male perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Irfan Karim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Saad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ahmed Alzhrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alhawas
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alatawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah M. A. Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlFaris E, AlMughthim M, Irfan F, Al Maflehi N, Ponnamperuma G, AlFaris HE, Ahmed AMA, van der Vleuten C. The relationship between study skills and depressive symptoms among medical residents. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:435. [PMID: 31752831 PMCID: PMC6873798 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost of depression among residents is staggering as it extends into the quality and safety of patient care. Finding an explanation to resident depression by investigating the associated factors is therefore important. Study skills can be a possible factor, and a clear gap in the literature exists in this regard. We sought to investigate the relationship between depressive symptoms among residents and their study skills. METHODS This was a correlational study and a non-probability sample of 240 residents completed the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) and the Study Skills Inventory (SSI). Chi-square test was used to compare different categorical variables, while student t-test and ANOVA for continuous data. Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed to find the relationship between depressive symptoms and study skills and the association that these measures have with the demographic variables. RESULTS Overall, 186 residents (76%) filled out the questionnaire. The SSI total score was found to have a significant negative association with the BDI-II depression score (Pearson correlation = - 0.447and p < 0.000). No significant association was found between the total SSI score and the residents' sex, age, marital status, smoking status, training years or specialties. CONCLUSION Poor study skills were found to be correlated with higher depressive symptoms. Future studies are required to develop a deeper understanding of this relationship and reconfigure the approach to study skills for the well-being of the future physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiad AlFaris
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhannad AlMughthim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al Maflehi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Huda E. AlFaris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. A. Ahmed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 2925, Riyadh 11461 Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cees van der Vleuten
- Department of Educational Development and Research Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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AlFaris E, Irfan F, Ponnamperuma G, Jamal A, Van der Vleuten C, Al Maflehi N, Al-Qeas S, Alenezi A, Alrowaished M, Alsalman R, Ahmed AMA. The pattern of social media use and its association with academic performance among medical students. Med Teach 2018; 40:S77-S82. [PMID: 29732945 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2018.1465536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are concerns that the use of social media (SM) among medical students could affect academic performance. The objectives of the study were to investigate the pattern and reasons for SM use and their association with academic performance. METHODS A stratified random sample, frequency distribution and comparison of categorical variables with Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used. RESULTS Of the 97% who responded, 98% used SM. The most popular were Whatsapp (87.8%), You tube (60.8%) and Twitter (51.8%) for general use; while You tube (83.5%), Whatsapp (35.5%) and Twitter (35.3%) for learning. For general use, there was a significant higher number of visits to You tube and Facebook among male students, while the reverse was true for Instagram and Path. Around 71% visited SM >4 times/day and 55% spent 1-4 hours/day. The main reasons for SM use were entertainment (95.8%), staying up-to-date with news (88.3%), and socializing (85.5%); for academic studies (40%). There was no significant association between Grade Point Average and the frequency of daily SM use or use during lectures. CONCLUSIONS While almost all the students used SM, only a minority used them for academic purposes. SM use was not associated with academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiad AlFaris
- a KSU Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhana Irfan
- a KSU Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- b Medical Education Development and Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine , University of Colombo , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Amr Jamal
- c Medical Informatics and e-Learning Unit, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Cees Van der Vleuten
- d Department of Educational Development, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School of Health Professions Education , Research Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Nassr Al Maflehi
- e Department, Bio statistical Consultant CDRC, College of Dentistry , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Sairaa Al-Qeas
- f College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Awtan Alenezi
- f College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem Alsalman
- f College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M A Ahmed
- a KSU Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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AlFaris E, Irfan F, AlSayyari S, AlDahlawi W, Almuhaideb S, Almehaidib A, Almoqati S, Ahmed AMA, Ponnamperuma G, AlMughthim M, Shaffi Ahamed S, Al Maflehi N, van der Vleuten C. Validation of a new study skills scale to provide an explanation for depressive symptoms among medical students. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199037. [PMID: 29940010 PMCID: PMC6016898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students are faced with enormous academic demands that may influence their emotional wellbeing. The high rate of depression among medical students and its negative impact is an impetus to find explanation for the factors associated with it. Study skills that students possess might be such a factor. The current tools for the assessment of the study skills may have certain limitations, particularly for different cultural settings. Objectives This study aimed to develop and validate a Study Skills Inventory (SSI), and to investigate the relationship between the students’ study skills and the extent (severity) of depressive symptoms, measured using the validated tool. Method The first version of the SSI was developed through expert consensus. The inventory was then administered to a randomly selected group of medical students. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the internal validity. External validation was conducted by comparing the results of the SSI with the “Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students” (ASSIST). After validation, the correlation between the SSI total score with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) total score was investigated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The means of the total study skills scores for each severity category of depression were compared using ANOVA. Results A total of 23 items, representing five sub-scales, were included in the inventory. Based on 372 student responses (response rate of 93%), the five-factor solution explained a cumulative variance of 52% and Cronach alpha was 0.84. The SSI total score had a significant negative association with the BDI-II depression score (Pearson correlation of -.348** and P<0.0001). Conclusion This study showed evidence for acceptable reliability and validity of the newly developed SSI. Poor study skills were found to correlate with higher depressive symptoms. This association needs confirmation in future research and could open a new door for better understanding of student depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiad AlFaris
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Farhana Irfan
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuaa AlSayyari
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waad AlDahlawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah M. A. Ahmed
- King Saud University Chair for Medical Education Research and Development, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gominda Ponnamperuma
- Centre for Medical Education, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhannad AlMughthim
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik Shaffi Ahamed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al Maflehi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cees van der Vleuten
- Department of Educational Development and Research Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Ahmed AMA, Allam MF, Habil ES, Metwally AM, Ibrahiem NA, Radwan M, El-Gaafary MM, Gadallah MA. Compliance with haemodialysis practice guidelines in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:4-9. [PMID: 23520899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence- and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for haemodialysis have recently been developed in Egypt. This study aimed to measure compliance with the guidelines in a sample of 16 government hospitals in Cairo and Giza governorates. Each haemodialysis unit was visited to assess the haemodialysis unit and patient care practices for all patients under dialysis at the time of the visit. The mean percentage compliance with haemodialysis guidelines among all study hospitals was 59.3% (SD 11.2%) overall. Within the 5 separate domains, compliance was: 58.8% (SD 12.4%) for personnel, 68.5% (SD 16.0%) for patient care practices, 61.3% (SD 15.4%) for infection prevention and control, 51.5% (SD 18.2%) for the facility and 56.5% (SD 7.1%) for documentation/ records. There were no statistically significant differences between Cairo and Giza governorates except for facility measures which were slightly better in Giza. Overall, compliance with the developed practice guidelines for haemodialysis in Egypt was not satisfactory and was not uniform across facilities.
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Gadallah MA, Allam MF, Ahmed AMA, El-Shabrawy EM. Are patients and healthcare providers satisfied with health sector reform implemented in family health centres? Qual Saf Health Care 2010; 19:e4. [PMID: 20231176 DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2007.024364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients' and healthcare providers' satisfactions are important outcomes for any healthcare programmes. In Egypt, the Health Sector Reform Program (HSRP) has been implemented since 1999 in primary healthcare (PHC) centres adopting the family health approach. OBJECTIVES To assess the clients' satisfaction towards the overall health services provided by health centres affiliated to HSRP and to evaluate the satisfaction of healthcare providers, physicians, nurses and social workers. METHODOLOGY Four reformed PHC units were compared with four non-reformed units in the Alexandria governorate regarding patients' and providers' satisfactions. Assessment of the satisfaction was done using survey questionnaire and focus group discussion. The provider survey questionnaire was carried out on all providers working in the selected units. Focus group discussion was done in one reformed health unit and another non-reformed unit. RESULTS The current study showed that providers in the reformed PHCs were more satisfied than providers in non-reformed PHCs regarding availability of equipments, job satisfaction and income satisfaction. No significant differences were noticed between both groups regarding social relations with either colleagues or directors. The patient satisfaction was higher in accredited family health units compared to non-accredited units in all aspects: cleanness, doctors and nurses, waiting area and waiting time. During the focus group discussion, patients in the accredited PHCs expressed their satisfaction regarding the cleanness, privacy, attitude of doctors and nurses as well the waiting area and waiting time. CONCLUSION Implemented HSRP in PHC units has had positive implications regarding patients' and providers' satisfactions in most areas studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gadallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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