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Quayum ST, Esha NJI, Siraji S, Abbad SSA, Alsunaidi ZH, Almatarneh MH, Rahman S, Alodhayb AN, Alibrahim KA, Kawsar SM, Uddin KM. Exploring the effectiveness of flavone derivatives for treating liver diseases: Utilizing DFT, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics techniques. MethodsX 2024; 12:102537. [PMID: 38299040 PMCID: PMC10828815 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
In exploring nature's potential in addressing liver-related conditions, this study investigates the therapeutic capabilities of flavonoids. Utilizing in silico methodologies, we focus on flavone and its analogs (1-14) to assess their therapeutic potential in treating liver diseases. Molecular change calculations using density functional theory (DFT) were conducted on these compounds, accompanied by an evaluation of each analog's physiochemical and biochemical properties. The study further assesses these flavonoids' binding effectiveness and locations through molecular docking studies against six target proteins associated with human cancer. Tropoflavin and taxifolin served as reference drugs. The structurally modified flavone analogs (1-14) displayed a broad range of binding affinities, ranging from -7.0 to -9.4 kcal mol⁻¹, surpassing the reference drugs. Notably, flavonoid (7) exhibited significantly higher binding affinities with proteins Nrf2 (PDB:1 × 2 J) and DCK (PDB:1 × 2 J) (-9.4 and -8.1 kcal mol⁻¹) compared to tropoflavin (-9.3 and -8.0 kcal mol⁻¹) and taxifolin (-9.4 and -7.1 kcal mol⁻¹), respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the docked complexes had a root mean square deviation (RMSD) value ranging from 0.05 to 0.2 nm and a root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) value between 0.35 and 1.3 nm during perturbation. The study concludes that 5,7-dihydroxyflavone (7) shows substantial promise as a potential therapeutic agent for liver-related conditions. However, further validation through in vitro and in vivo studies is necessary. Key insights from this study include:•Screening of flavanols and their derivatives to determine pharmacological and bioactive properties using ADMET, molinspiration, and pass prediction analysis.•Docking of shortlisted flavone derivatives with proteins having essential functions.•Analysis of the best protein-flavonoid docked complexes using molecular dynamics simulation to determine the flavonoid's efficiency and stability within a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tasnim Quayum
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan Ikbal Esha
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Siam Siraji
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Sanaa S. Al Abbad
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab H.A. Alsunaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shofiur Rahman
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khuloud A. Alibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Princess Nora bint Abdulrahman University, College of Science, Riyadh, Al Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarkar M.A. Kawsar
- Lab of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Kabir M. Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh
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Shetty A, Sunil D, Rujiralai T, P Maradur S, N Alodhayb A, Hegde G. Sustainable carbonaceous nanomaterial supported palladium as an efficient ligand-free heterogeneouscatalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Nanoscale Adv 2024; 6:2516-2526. [PMID: 38694465 PMCID: PMC11059483 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00116h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel ligand-free heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized via pyrolysis of Samanea saman pods to produce carbon nanospheres (SS-CNSs), which served as a carbon support for immobilizing palladium nanoparticles through an in situ reduction technique (Pd/SS-CNS). The SS-CNSs effectively integrated 3% of Pd on their surfaces with no additional activation procedures needed. The nanomaterials obtained underwent thorough characterization employing various techniques such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDS, ICP-AES, and BET. Subsequently, the efficiency of this Pd/SS-CNS catalyst was assessed for the synthesis of biaryl derivatives via Suzuki coupling, wherein different boronic acids were coupled with various aryl halides using an environmentally benign solvent mixture of EtOH/H2O and employing only 0.1 mol% of Pd/SS-CNS. The catalytic system was conveniently recovered through centrifugation and demonstrated reusability without any noticeable decline in catalytic activity. This approach offers economic viability, ecological compatibility, scalability, and has the potential to serve as an alternative to homogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Shetty
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Hosur Road Bangalore 560029 India
- Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Hosur Road Bangalore 560029 India
| | - Dhanya Sunil
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka 576104 India
| | - Thitima Rujiralai
- Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Sanjeev P Maradur
- Materials Science & Catalysis Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research (PPISR) Bidalur Post, Devanahalli Bengaluru 562164 Karnataka India
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gurumurthy Hegde
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Hosur Road Bangalore 560029 India
- Centre for Advanced Research and Development (CARD), CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Hosur Road Bangalore 560029 India
- Materials Science & Catalysis Division, Poornaprajna Institute of Scientific Research (PPISR) Bidalur Post, Devanahalli Bengaluru 562164 Karnataka India
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3
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Meem MH, Yusuf SB, Al Abbad SS, Rahman S, Al-Gawati M, Albrithen H, Alodhayb AN, Uddin KM. Exploring the anticancer and antibacterial potential of naphthoquinone derivatives: a comprehensive computational investigation. Front Chem 2024; 12:1351669. [PMID: 38449478 PMCID: PMC10914998 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1351669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of 2-(4-butylbenzyl)-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione (11) and its 12 derivatives as anticancer and biofilm formation inhibitors for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus using in silico methods. The study employed various computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulation molecular docking, density functional theory, and global chemical descriptors, to evaluate the interactions between the compounds and the target proteins. The docking results revealed that compounds 9, 11, 13, and ofloxacin exhibited binding affinities of -7.6, -7.9, -7.5, and -7.8 kcal mol-1, respectively, against peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase msrA/msrB (PDB: 3E0M). Ligand (11) showed better inhibition for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus msrA/msrB enzyme. The complex of the 3E0M-ligand 11 remained highly stable across all tested temperatures (300, 305, 310, and 320 K). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to evaluate the behavior of the complex at various temperatures (300, 305, 310, and 320 K), demonstrating a total variance of 85%. Convergence was confirmed by the eigenvector's cosine content value of 0.43, consistently displaying low RMSD values, with the minimum observed at 310 K. Furthermore, ligand 11 emerges as the most promising candidate among the compounds examined, showcasing notable potential when considering a combination of in vitro, in vivo, and now in silico data. While the naphthoquinone derivative (11) remains the primary candidate based on comprehensive in silico studies, further analysis using Frontier molecular orbital (FMO) suggests while the Egap value of compound 11 (2.980 eV) and compound 13 (2.975 eV) is lower than ofloxacin (4.369 eV), indicating their potential, so it can be a statement that compound 13 can also be investigated in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnaz Hossain Meem
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sumaiya Binte Yusuf
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sanaa S. Al Abbad
- Department of Chemistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Al-Gawati
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kabir M. Uddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Selvi Gopal T, James JT, Gunaseelan B, Ramesh K, Raghavan V, Malathi A CJ, Amarnath K, Kumar VG, Rajasekaran SJ, Pandiaraj S, MR M, Pitchaimuthu S, Abeykoon C, Alodhayb AN, Grace AN. MXene-Embedded Porous Carbon-Based Cu 2O Nanocomposites for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors. ACS Omega 2024; 9:8448-8456. [PMID: 38405472 PMCID: PMC10882672 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This work explores the use of MXene-embedded porous carbon-based Cu2O nanocomposite (Cu2O/M/AC) as a sensing material for the electrochemical sensing of glucose. The composite was prepared using the coprecipitation method and further analyzed for its morphological and structural characteristics. The highly porous scaffold of activated (porous) carbon facilitated the incorporation of MXene and copper oxide inside the pores and also acted as a medium for charge transfer. In the Cu2O/M/AC composite, MXene and Cu2O influence the sensing parameters, which were confirmed using electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and amperometric analysis. The prepared composite shows two sets of linear ranges for glucose with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.96 μM. The linear range was found to be 0.004 to 13.3 mM and 15.3 to 28.4 mM, with sensitivity values of 430.3 and 240.5 μA mM-1 cm-2, respectively. These materials suggest that the prepared Cu2O/M/AC nanocomposite can be utilized as a sensing material for non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tami Selvi Gopal
- Centre
for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Jaimson T. James
- Centre
for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Bharath Gunaseelan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramesh
- Centre
for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Vimala Raghavan
- Centre
for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Christina Josephine Malathi A
- Department
of Communication Engineering, School of Electronics Engineering (SENSE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - K. Amarnath
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - V. Ganesh Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | | | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department
of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu
- Research
Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Processing and
Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K.
| | - Chamil Abeykoon
- Northwest
Composites Centre, Aerospace Research Institute, and Department of
Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre
for Nanotechnology Research, Vellore Institute
of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
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Aryamol KS, Kanagaraj K, Nangan S, Haponiuk JT, Okhawilai M, Pandiaraj S, Hanif MB, Alodhayb AN, Thomas S, Thirumalaivasan N, Gopi S. Recent Advances of carbon Pathways for Sustainable Environment development. Environ Res 2024; 250:118513. [PMID: 38368918 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are an emerging type of carbon nanomaterial with strong biocompatibility, distinct chemical and physical properties, and low toxicity. CDs may emit fluorescence in the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) range, which renders them beneficial for biomedical applications. CDs are usually made from carbon precursors and can be synthesized using top-down and bottom-up methods and it can be easily functionalized using different methods. For specific cases of biomedical applications carbon dot functionalization augments the materials' characteristics. Novel functionalization techniques are still being investigated. This review will look at the benefits of functionalization to attain a high yield and various biological applications. Biomedical applications such as photodynamic and photothermal therapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antiviral and antibacterial properties will be covered in this review. The future applications of green synthesized carbon dots will be determined in part by this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Aryamol
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, India, 686560
| | - Kuppusamy Kanagaraj
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry & Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Senthilkumar Nangan
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jozef T Haponiuk
- Polymers Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology Building Chemia C, Room 201, Poland
| | - Manunya Okhawilai
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Polymeric Materials for Medical Practice Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hanif
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, India, 686560; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Natesan Thirumalaivasan
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- Polymers Technology Department, Gdansk University of Technology Building Chemia C, Room 201, Poland; Molecules Biolabs, Kinfra Industrial Estate, Koratty, Kerala, India, 680309.
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Garg A, Basu S, Shetti NP, Bhattu M, Alodhayb AN, Pandiaraj S. Biowaste to bioenergy nexus: Fostering sustainability and circular economy. Environ Res 2024; 250:118503. [PMID: 38367840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Existing fossil-based commercial products present a significant threat to the depletion of global natural resources and the conservation of the natural environment. Also, the ongoing generation of waste is giving rise to challenges in waste management. Conventional practices for the management of waste, for instance, incineration and landfilling, emit gases that contribute to global warming. Additionally, the need for energy is escalating rapidly due to the growing populace and industrialization. To address this escalating desire in a sustainable manner, access to clean and renewable sources of energy is imperative for long-term development of mankind. These interrelated challenges can be effectively tackled through the scientific application of biowaste-to-bioenergy technologies. The current article states an overview of the strategies and current status of these technologies, including anaerobic digestion, transesterification, photobiological hydrogen production, and alcoholic fermentation which are utilized to convert diverse biowastes such as agricultural and forest residues, animal waste, and municipal waste into bioenergy forms like bioelectricity, biodiesel, bio alcohol, and biogas. The successful implementation of these technologies requires the collaborative efforts of government, stakeholders, researchers, and scientists to enhance their practicability and widespread adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Garg
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech, Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty-TIET-Virginia Tech, Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147004, India.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Panjab, India.
| | - Monika Bhattu
- Department of Chemistry, University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Panjab, India
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Marimuthu S, Pandiaraj S, Muthuramamoorthy M, Alzahrani KE, Alodhayb AN, Pitchaimuthu S, Grace AN. Experimental and computational DFT, drift-diffusion studies of cobalt-based hybrid perovskite crystals as absorbers in perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4262-4277. [PMID: 38230683 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The optimised designs of dimethyl ammonium cobalt formate-based perovskite crystals [(CH3)2NH2]Co(HCOO)3 were experimentally synthesized and computationally utilized as absorbers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Crystals were grown using solvothermal synthesis. Additive materials (Fe, Ni) are responsible for the growth and suppression of crystals in the micrometre range. Temperature and pressure were altered to obtain optimum growth conditions. Grown crystals were characterized by spectroscopy (XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis) and optical microscopy. Combined density functional theory (DFT) and drift-diffusion modelling frameworks were simulated. These simulators were used to examine various perovskite absorbers for solar-cell configurations. Field calculations were used to examine the structural stability, band structure, and electronic contribution of the constituent elements in [(CH3)2NH2]Co1-nMn(HCOO)3 (M = Fe, Ni and n = 0, 0.1) as absorber material. Conventional TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD were used as the electron-transport layer and hole-transport layer, respectively, and Pt was used as a back contact. Comprehensive analysis of the effects of several parameters (layer thickness, series and shunt resistances, temperature, generation-recombination rates, current-voltage density, quantum efficiency) was carried out using simulation. Our proposed strategy may pave the way for further design of new absorber materials for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Marimuthu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthumareeswaran Muthuramamoorthy
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Alzahrani
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Processing and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mittas N, Gkika DA, Georgiou K, Alodhayb AN, AbdelAll N, Khouqeer GA, Kyzas GZ. Bibliometric research analysis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs): evidence and research activity dynamics. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:119903-119924. [PMID: 37932616 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The escalating issue of water pollution has become a worldwide issue that has captured the attention of numerous scientists. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have emerged as adaptable materials with exceptional attributes, including easy synthesis, low cost, remarkable durability, long life, and accessibility. These attributes have motivated researchers to develop novel materials based on MIPs to tackle hazardous contaminants in environmental matrices. The purpose of this paper was to conduct a bibliometric analysis on MIPs' publications, in order to shed light on the developments and focus points of the field. The selected publications were obtained from Scopus database and subjected to a filtering process, resulting in 11,131 relevant publications. The analysis revealed that the leading publication source (journal) is Biosensors and Bioelectronics; the mostly employed keywords are solid-phase extraction, electrochemical sensor, and molecular recognition; and the top contributing countries are China, Iran, and the USA. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm was used for extracting thematic axes from the textual content of the publications. The results of the LDA model showcase that the topic of synthesis and performance of MIPs for environmental applications can be considered as the most dominant topic with a share value of 72.71%. From the analysis, it can be concluded that MIPs are a cross-disciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Mittas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404, Kavala, Greece
| | - Despina A Gkika
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404, Kavala, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Georgiou
- School of Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa AbdelAll
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada A Khouqeer
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, 65404, Kavala, Greece.
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9
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Beera CS, Dhanalakshmi B, Devi DN, Vijayalakshmi D, Mishra A, Ramesh S, Rao BP, Shyamala P, Menelaou M, Alanazi N, Alodhayb AN. Magnetic and Magnetostrictive Properties of Sol-Gel-Synthesized Chromium-Substituted Cobalt Ferrite. Gels 2023; 9:873. [PMID: 37998963 PMCID: PMC10671203 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr)-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized using a sol-gel autocombustion method, with the chemical formula CoCrxFe2xO4. The value of x ranged from 0.00 to 0.5 in 0.1 increments. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the development of highly crystalline cubic spinel structures for all samples, with an average crystallite size of approximately 40 to 45 nm determined using the Scherrer equation. Pellets were prepared using a traditional ceramic method. The magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of the samples were tested using strain gauge and VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) techniques. The results of the magnetic and magnetostrictive tests showed that the chromium-substituted cobalt ferrites exhibited higher strain derivative magnitudes than pure cobalt ferrite. These findings indicated that the introduction of chromium into the cobalt ferrite structure led to changes in the material's magnetic properties. These changes were attributed to anisotropic contributions, resulting from an increased presence of Co2+ ions at B-sites due to the chromium substitutions. In summary, this study concluded that introducing chromium into the cobalt ferrite structure caused alterations in the material's magnetic properties, which were explained by changes in the cationic arrangement within the crystal lattice. This study successfully explained these alterations using magnetization and coercivity data and the probable cationic dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhar Beera
- Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam 530046, AP, India
| | - B. Dhanalakshmi
- Vignan’s Institute of Information Technology (VIIT-A), Visakhapatnam 530049, AP, India
| | - D. Nirmala Devi
- Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam 530046, AP, India
| | - D. Vijayalakshmi
- Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam 530046, AP, India
| | - Akanksha Mishra
- Vignan’s Institute of Engineering for Women (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam 530046, AP, India
| | - S. Ramesh
- Department of Physics, GSS, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam 530045, AP, India
| | | | - P. Shyamala
- Department of Chemistry, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, AP, India;
| | - Melita Menelaou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 30 Arch. Kyprianos Str., Limassol 3036, Cyprus;
| | - Nadyah Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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10
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Kouvalakidou SL, Varoutoglou A, Alibrahim KA, Alodhayb AN, Mitropoulos AC, Kyzas GZ. Batch adsorption study in liquid phase under agitation, rotation, and nanobubbles: comparisons in a multi-parametric study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:114032-114043. [PMID: 37855962 PMCID: PMC10663206 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Concern for environmental protection has increased throughout the years from a global perspective. To date, the predominance of adsorption as treatment technique in environmental chemistry remains unchallenged. Moreover, the scientific attention for investigating nanobubbles due to their unique properties has turned the search for their application in environmental processes with special emphasis on water treatment. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of rotation on batch adsorption process using commercial activated carbon as adsorbent material, compared with the widely used method of agitation. As liquid medium, deionized water and deionized water enhanced with nanobubbles (of air) were used. The wastewater was simulated by dissolving a common dye as model pollutant, methylene blue, at concentration of 300 mg/L in the tested liquid. The results indicated that the utilization of nanobubbles resulted in an improvement on adsorption rate, compared to the corresponding values of deionized water solutions. These results may lead to promising applications in the future, since just 1 h of operation increases the water purification and thus provides a simply applied, cost-effective, and rapid alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia L Kouvalakidou
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, GR-65404, Kavala, Greece
| | - Athanasios Varoutoglou
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, GR-65404, Kavala, Greece
| | - Khuloud A Alibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios C Mitropoulos
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, GR-65404, Kavala, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, GR-65404, Kavala, Greece.
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11
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Alanazi N, Alanazi R, Algawati M, Alzahrani K, Alodhayb AN. Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization on DNA Damage Using a Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1963. [PMID: 37893400 PMCID: PMC10609368 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensor technology enables the creation of DNA-based biosensors for biomedical applications. Herein, a quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensing system was employed as a transducer for biomedical applications to address indirect DNA damage associated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and enhance the effectiveness of low-dose gamma radiation in radiation therapy. The experiment included two stages, namely during and after irradiation exposure; shift frequencies (Δf) were measured for 20 min in each stage. During the irradiation stage, the QTF response to DNA damage was investigated in a deionized aqueous solution with and without 100 nm GNPs at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 µg/mL). Upon exposure to gamma radiation for 20 min at a dose rate of 2.4 µGy/min, the ratio of Δf/ΔT indicates increased fork displacement frequencies with or without GNPs. Additionally, DNA damage associated with high and low GNP concentrations was evaluated using the change in the resonance frequency of the QTF. The results indicate that GNPs at 15 and 10 µg/mL were associated with high damage-enhancement ratios, while saturation occurred at 20 µg/mL. At 15 µg/mL, significant radiotherapy enhancement occurred compared to that at 10 µg/mL at 10 min after exposure. In the post-irradiation stage, the frequency considerably differed between 15 and 10 µg/mL. Finally, these results significantly depart from the experimental predictions in the post-radiation stage. They exhibited no appreciable direct effect on DNA repair owing to the absence of an environment that promotes DNA repair following irradiation. However, these findings demonstrate the potential of enhancing damage by combining GNP-mediated radiation sensitization and biosensor technology. Thus, QTF is recommended as a reliable measure of DNA damage to investigate the dose enhancement effect at various GNP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadyah Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Reem Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Algawati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Khaled Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
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12
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Rahman S, Al-Gawati MA, Alfaifi FS, Alenazi WK, Alarifi N, Albrithen H, Alodhayb AN, Georghiou PE. Detection of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solutions Using Quartz Tuning Fork Sensors Modified with Calix[4]arene Methoxy Ester Self-Assembled Monolayers: Experimental and Density Functional Theory Study. Molecules 2023; 28:6808. [PMID: 37836651 PMCID: PMC10574471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Quartz tuning forks (QTFs), which were coated with gold and with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of a lower-rim functionalized calix[4]arene methoxy ester (CME), were used for the detection of benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene in water samples. The QTF device was tested by measuring the respective frequency shifts obtained using small (100 µL) samples of aqueous benzene, toluene, and ethylbenzene at four different concentrations (10-12, 10-10, 10-8, and 10-6 M). The QTFs had lower limits of detection for all three aromatic hydrocarbons in the 10-14 M range, with the highest resonance frequency shifts (±5%) being shown for the corresponding 10-6 M solutions in the following order: benzene (199 Hz) > toluene (191 Hz) > ethylbenzene (149 Hz). The frequency shifts measured with the QTFs relative to that in deionized water were inversely proportional to the concentration/mass of the analytes. Insights into the effects of the alkyl groups of the aromatic hydrocarbons on the electronic interaction energies for their hypothetical 1:1 supramolecular host-guest binding with the CME sensing layer were obtained through density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the electronic interaction energies (ΔIEs) using B3LYP-D3/GenECP with a mixed basis set: LANL2DZ and 6-311++g(d,p), CAM-B3LYP/LANL2DZ, and PBE/LANL2DZ. The magnitudes of the ΔIEs were in the following order: [Au4-CME⊃[benzene] > [Au4-CME]⊃[toluene] > [Au4-CME]⊃[ethylbenzene]. The gas-phase BSSE-uncorrected ΔIE values for these complexes were higher, with values of -96.86, -87.80, and -79.33 kJ mol-1, respectively, and -86.39, -77.23, and -67.63 kJ mol-1, respectively, for the corresponding BSSE-corrected values using B3LYP-D3/GenECP with LANL2dZ and 6-311++g(d,p). The computational findings strongly support the experimental results, revealing the same trend in the ΔIEs for the proposed hypothetical binding modes between the tested analytes with the CME SAMs on the Au-QTF sensing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiur Rahman
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Al-Gawati
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.)
| | - Fatimah S. Alfaifi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.)
| | - Wadha Khalaf Alenazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.)
| | - Nahed Alarifi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.)
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.)
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.S.A.)
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
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Alshammari A, Abdulmawla ST, Alsaigh R, Alarjani KM, Aldosari NS, Muthuramamoorthy M, Assaifan AK, Albrithen H, Alzahrani KE, Alodhayb AN. Toward the Real-Time and Rapid Quantification of Bacterial Cells Utilizing a Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1114. [PMID: 37374699 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of bacterial populations is required in many studies, particularly in the field of microbiology. The current techniques can be time-consuming and require a large volume of samples and trained laboratory personnel. In this regard, on-site, easy-to-use, and direct detection techniques are desirable. In this study, a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was investigated for the real-time detection of E. coli in different media, as well as the ability to determine the bacterial state and correlate the QTF parameters to the bacterial concentration. QTFs that are commercially available can also be used as sensitive sensors of viscosity and density by determining the QTFs' damping and resonance frequency. As a result, the influence of viscous biofilm adhered to its surface should be detectable. First, the response of a QTF to different media without E. coli was investigated, and Luria-Bertani broth (LB) growth medium caused the largest change in frequency. Then, the QTF was tested against different concentrations of E. coli (i.e., 102-105 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL)). As the E. coli concentration increased, the frequency decreased from 32.836 to 32.242 kHz. Similarly, the quality factor decreased with the increasing E. coli concentration. With a coefficient (R) of 0.955, a linear correlation between the QTF parameters and bacterial concentration was established with a 26 CFU/mL detection limit. Furthermore, a considerable change in frequency was observed against live and dead cells in different media. These observations demonstrate the ability of QTFs to distinguish between different bacterial states. QTFs allow real-time, rapid, low-cost, and non-destructive microbial enumeration testing that requires only a small volume of liquid sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Alshammari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabaa T Abdulmawla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alsaigh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Salim Aldosari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulaziz K Assaifan
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Alzahrani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Alrebdi TA, Alodhayb AN, Ristić Z, Dramićanin MD. Comparison of Performance between Single- and Multiparameter Luminescence Thermometry Methods Based on the Mn 5+ Near-Infrared Emission. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:3839. [PMID: 37112178 PMCID: PMC10143882 DOI: 10.3390/s23083839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the performance of single- and multiparametric luminescence thermometry founded on the temperature-dependent spectral features of Ca6BaP4O17:Mn5+ near-infrared emission. The material was prepared by a conventional steady-state synthesis, and its photoluminescence emission was measured from 7500 to 10,000 cm-1 over the 293-373 K temperature range in 5 K increments. The spectra are composed of the emissions from 1E → 3A2 and 3T2 → 3A2 electronic transitions and Stokes and anti-Stokes vibronic sidebands at 320 cm-1 and 800 cm-1 from the maximum of 1E → 3A2 emission. Upon temperature increase, the 3T2 and Stokes bands gained in intensity while the maximum of 1E emission band is redshifted. We introduced the procedure for the linearization and feature scaling of input variables for linear multiparametric regression. Then, we experimentally determined accuracies and precisions of the luminescence thermometry based on luminescence intensity ratios between emissions from the 1E and 3T2 states, between Stokes and anti-Stokes emission sidebands, and at the 1E energy maximum. The multiparametric luminescence thermometry involving the same spectral features showed similar performance, comparable to the best single-parameter thermometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A. Alrebdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zoran Ristić
- Centre of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Insitute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav D. Dramićanin
- Centre of Excellence for Photoconversion, Vinča Insitute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Alanazi N, Almutairi M, Alodhayb AN. A Review of Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Chemical and Biological Sensing Applications. Sens Imaging 2023; 24:10. [PMID: 36908332 PMCID: PMC9985094 DOI: 10.1007/s11220-023-00413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans are fundamentally interested in monitoring and understanding interactions that occur in and around our bodies. Biological interactions within the body determine our physical condition and can be used to improve medical treatments and develop new drugs. Daily life involves contact with numerous chemicals, ranging from household elements, naturally occurring scents from common plants and animals, and industrial agents. Many chemicals cause adverse health and environmental effects and require regulation to prevent pollution. Chemical detection is critically important for food and environmental quality control efforts, medical diagnostics, and detection of explosives. Thus, sensitive devices are needed for detecting and discriminating chemical and biological samples. Compared to other sensing devices, the Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is well-established and has been considered and sufficiently sensitive for detecting molecules, chemicals, polymers, and biological assemblies. Due to its simplicity and low cost, the QCM sensor has potential applications in analytical chemistry, surface chemistry, biochemistry, environmental science, and other disciplines. QCM detection measures resonate frequency changes generated by the quartz crystal sensor when covered with a thin film or liquid. The quartz crystal is sandwiched between two metal (typically gold) electrodes. Functionalizing the electrode's surface further enhances frequency change detection through to interactions between the sensor and the targeted material. These sensors are sensitive to high frequencies and can recognize ultrasmall masses. This review will cover advancements in QCM sensor technologies, highlighting in-sensor and real-time analysis. QCM-based sensor function is dictated by the coating material. We present various high-sensitivity coating techniques that use this novel sensor design. Then, we briefly review available measurement parameters and technological interventions that will inform future QCM research. Lastly, we examine QCM's theory and application to enhance our understanding of relevant electrical components and concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadyah Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Almutairi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Dhiman P, Sharma G, Alodhayb AN, Kumar A, Rana G, Sithole T, ALOthman ZA. Constructing a Visible-Active CoFe 2O 4@Bi 2O 3/NiO Nanoheterojunction as Magnetically Recoverable Photocatalyst with Boosted Ofloxacin Degradation Efficiency. Molecules 2022; 27:8234. [PMID: 36500330 PMCID: PMC9741353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing visible-light-active Z-scheme heterojunctions has proven fruitful in enhancing the photocatalytic activity of photocatalysts for superior water clean-up. Herein, we report the fabrication of a CoFe2O4@Bi2O3/NiO (CBN) Z-scheme nanoheterojunction. The obtained CBN heterojunction was used for visible-light-assisted degradation of ofloxacin (OFL) in water. The OFL degradation efficiency achieved by the CBN heterojunction was 95.2% in 90 min with a rate constant of kapp = 0.03316 min-1, which was about eight times that of NiO and thirty times that of CoFe2O4. The photocatalytic activity of a Bi2O3/NiO Z-scheme heterojunction was greatly enhanced by the visible activity and redox mediator effect of the cobalt ferrite co-catalyst. Higher charge-carrier separation, more visible-light capture, and the Z-scheme mechanism in the Z-scheme system were the important reasons for the high performance of CBN. The scavenging experiments suggested ●O2- as an active species for superior OFL degradation. The possible OFL degradation pathway was predicted based on LC-MS findings of degradation intermediate products. The magnetic nature of the CBN helped in the recovery of the catalyst after reuse for six cycles. This work provides new insights into designing oxide-based heterojunctions with high visible-light activity, magnetic character, and high redox capabilities for potential practical applications in environmental treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Dhiman
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg. #5, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2088, South Africa
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Garima Rana
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Thandiwe Sithole
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2088, South Africa
| | - Zeid A. ALOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Bldg. #5, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Al‐Gawati MA, Albrithen H, Alhazaa AN, Alodhayb AN. Sensitivity enhancement of microelectromechanical sensors using femtosecond laser for biological and chemical applications. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A. Al‐Gawati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz N. Alhazaa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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18
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Georghiou PE, Rahman S, Assiri Y, Valluru GK, Menelaou M, Alodhayb AN, Braim M, Beaulieu L. Development of calix[4]arenes modified at their narrow- and wide-rims as potential metal ions sensor layers for microcantilever sensors: further studies. CAN J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2021-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of a microcantilever (MCL) sensing device capable of simultaneously detecting several metal ionic species in aqueous media with low limits of detection requires a variety of sensing layers that are ion specific. Calix[4]arenes are robust molecules that can be easily modified and have been extensively studied for their ion binding properties. They are also capable of forming self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the gold layers of MCLs and are capable of detecting various metal ions with different anionic counterions in aqueous solutions. In this paper, we report on the effect of the alkoxy group in the narrow rim [O-(alkoxycarbonyl)methoxy] substituents of bimodal calix[4]arenes, which have been used as metal ion MCL sensing layers, using classical solution state experimental studies. A DFT computational study to compare the experimental results with several metal ions is also reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yousif Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Gopi Kishore Valluru
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Melita Menelaou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Braim
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - L.Y. Beaulieu
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
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19
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Alodhayb AN. Measurement of polystyrene photodegradation rate using a quartz crystal microbalance. IET Nanobiotechnol 2022; 16:61-65. [PMID: 34997686 PMCID: PMC8918915 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene is a very popular polymer utilised in the manufacture of various consumer products. This polymer is very cheap; however, after its usage, the slowness of its photodegradation leads to environmental pollution. In this report, the author presents a technique to systematically measure the rate of photodegradation of a thin polystyrene film. The said film was made to coat a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor. In order to detect polymer degradation and the reduction in the molecular weight, the resonance frequency of the sensor was monitored for 24 h. Results revealed that QCM sensor irradiation with ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 365 nm and optical power of 1.5 mW caused a quite significant change in the polymer structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Alanazi N, Alodhayb AN, Almutairi A, Alshehri H, AlYemni S, Alsowygh G, Abdulmawla S, Shamma K, Albrithen H, Muthuramamoorthy M, Almuqrin AH. Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor-Based Dosimetry for Sensitive Detection of Gamma Radiation. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7035. [PMID: 34832435 PMCID: PMC8619227 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study generally relates to nuclear sensors and specifically to detecting nuclear and electromagnetic radiation using an ultrasensitive quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensor. We aim to detect low doses of gamma radiation with fast response time using QTF. Three different types of QTFs (uncoated and gold coated) were used in this study in order to investigate their sensitivity to gamma radiations. Our results show that a thick gold coating on QTF can enhance the quality factor and increase the resonance frequency from 32.7 to 32.9 kHz as compared to uncoated QTF. The results also show that increasing the surface area of the gold coating on the QTF can significantly enhance the sensitivity of the QTF to radiation. We investigated the properties of gold-coated and uncoated QTFs before and after irradiation by scanning electron microscopy. We further investigated the optical properties of SiO2 wafers (quartz) by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The SE studies revealed that even a small change in the microstructure of the material caused by gamma radiation would have an impact on mechanical properties of QTF, resulting in a shift in resonance frequency. Overall, the results of the experiments demonstrated the feasibility of using QTF sensors as an easy to use, low-cost, and sensitive radiation detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadyah Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Atheer Almutairi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hanan Alshehri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Sarah AlYemni
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Ghadah Alsowygh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Sabaa Abdulmawla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Khaled Shamma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hamad Albrithen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (A.N.A.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (S.A.); (G.A.); (S.A.); (K.S.); (H.A.)
- Research Chair for Tribology, Surface, and Interface Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aljawhara H. Almuqrin
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Rahman S, Assiri Y, Alodhayb AN, Beaulieu LY, Oraby AK, Georghiou PE. Naphthyl “capped” triazole-linked calix[4]arene hosts as fluorescent chemosensors towards Fe3+ and Hg2+: an experimental and DFT computational study. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01362c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metal binding properties of four new “capped” 1,2,3-triazole linked receptors 6a–d are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Yousif Assiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Luc Y. Beaulieu
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Ahmed K. Oraby
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Canada A1B3X7
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22
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Alodhayb AN, Braim M, Beaulieu LY, Valluru G, Rahman S, Oraby AK, Georghiou PE. Metal ion binding properties of a bimodal triazolyl-functionalized calix[4]arene on a multi-array microcantilever system. Synthesis, fluorescence and DFT computation studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bimodal calix[4]arene functionalized with triazolyl-linked anthracenyl and 3-propylthioacetate groups is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Mona Braim
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - L. Y. Beaulieu
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Gopikishore Valluru
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Ahmed K. Oraby
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
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23
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Alodhayb AN, Braim M, Beaulieu LY, Valluru G, Rahman S, Oraby AK, Georghiou PE. Correction: Metal ion binding properties of a bimodal triazolyl-functionalized calix[4]arene on a multi-array microcantilever system. Synthesis, fluorescence and DFT computation studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra90005d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Metal ion binding properties of a bimodal triazolyl-functionalized calix[4]arene on a multi-array microcantilever system. Synthesis, fluorescence and DFT computation studies’ by Abdullah N. Alodhayb et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 4387–4396.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Mona Braim
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - L. Y. Beaulieu
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Gopikishore Valluru
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Ahmed K. Oraby
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's
- Canada A1B3X7
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24
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Valluru G, Rahman S, Georghiou PE, Dawe LN, Alodhayb AN, Beaulieu LY. Synthesis of a cone-conformer bimodal calix[4]arene-crown-5 which forms a sensitive cesium ion sensing layer on gold-coated microcantilevers. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01213e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A “bimodal” or upper- and lower-rim functionalized “calix-crown-5” reported herein was unexpectedly formed preferentially in a cone conformation and forms a SAM on Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikishore Valluru
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's, Canada A1B3X7
| | - Shofiur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's, Canada A1B3X7
| | - Paris E. Georghiou
- Department of Chemistry
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's, Canada A1B3X7
| | - Louise N. Dawe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Wilfrid Laurier University
- Waterloo, Canada N2L3C5
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's, Canada A1B3X7
| | - Luc Y. Beaulieu
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography
- Memorial University of Newfoundland
- St. John's, Canada A1B3X7
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25
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Georghiou PE, Rahman S, Valluru G, Dawe LN, Rahman SMS, Alodhayb AN, Beaulieu LY. Synthesis of an upper- and lower-rim functionalized calix[4]arene for detecting calcium ions using a microcantilever sensor. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00223c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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