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Mahmoud KH, Alsubaie AS, Anwer AH, Ansari MZ. Comparative Analysis of Perovskite Solar Cells for Obtaining a Higher Efficiency Using a Numerical Approach. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1127. [PMID: 37374712 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite materials have gained considerable attention in recent years for their potential to improve the efficiency of solar cells. This study focuses on optimizing the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by investigating the thickness of the methylammonium-free absorber layer in the device structure. In the study we used a SCAPS-1D simulator to analyze the performance of MASnI3 and CsPbI3-based PSCs under AM1.5 illumination. The simulation involved using Spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL) and ZnO as the electron transport layer (ETL) in the PSC structure. The results indicate that optimizing the thickness of the absorber layer can significantly increase the efficiency of PSCs. The precise bandgap values of the materials were set to 1.3 eV and 1.7 eV. In the study we also investigated the maximum thicknesses of the HTL, MASnI3, CsPbI3, and the ETL for the device structures, which were determined to be 100 nm, 600 nm, 800 nm, and 100 nm, respectively. The improvement techniques used in this study resulted in a high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.86% due to a higher value of VOC for the CsPbI3-based PSC structure. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of perovskite materials as absorber layers in solar cells. It also provides insights into improving the efficiency of PSCs, which is crucial for advancing the development of cost-effective and efficient solar energy systems. Overall, this study provides valuable information for the future development of more efficient solar cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Hussein Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Saad Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hakeem Anwer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohd Zahid Ansari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Yousef MAM, Alsubaie AS, Saad ZAAAS, Abd-Alla MD. Electronic Chips Acting as Capacitors or Inductors when Laser Act as Information Transmitter. EEJP 2022:141-152. [DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2022-2-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
To increase the speed of information flow and storage capacity in electronic devices laser can be used to carry information instead of electric current. Since the photon is faster than electrons, one expects information to be transmitted very fast through the internet when photons replace electrons. This requires searching for chips that act as capacitors, inductors or resistors. To do this Maxwell's equation for the electric field intensity beside the electron equation of motion were used. The electron is assumed to vibrate naturally inside a frictional medium in the presence of a local electric and magnetic fields. These equations have been used to find a useful expression for the absorption coefficient. The absorption coefficient was found to be dependent on the laser and natural frequencies beside the coefficient of friction in addition to the internal electric and magnetic fields. These parameters can be fine-tuned to make the chip act as a capacitor, inductor or resistor. The laser intensity decreases when the absorption coefficient inecreases. Thus, the absorption coefficient acts as an electic resistor. Therefore, if the absorption coefficient inecreases upon decreasing the frequency the chip acts as a capacitor. But when the absorption coefficient inecreases when the laser frequency inreases the chip acts as an inductor. In the case that the absorption coefficient inecreases with the concentration of the carriers it acts in this situation as a resistor. For magnetic materials with magnetic flux density that cancels the frictional force, when the laser frequency is equal nearly to the atom’s natural frequency the material acts as an inductor. But when the frictional force is low with the internal and external electric fields in phase, the material acts as a capacitor. However, it acts as a resistor for negligible natural frequency, when no electric dipoles exist and when the internal magnetic field force balance the frictional force.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdullah Saad Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mubarak Dirar Abd-Alla
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
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Shahzad MA, Masood HT, Warsi MF, Gilani ZA, Alsubaie AS, Mahmoud KH, El-Bahy SM, El-Bahy ZM, Khan MA, Asghar M. Impact of Nd 3+ and Ni 2+ dopants on the structural, electrical and dielectric behaviour of PbZrO 3 nanocrystalline material. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2061782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim Shahzad
- Department of Physics, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Zaheer Abbas Gilani
- Department of Physics, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Saad Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled H. Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Azhar Khan
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
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Mohammed Yousef M, Saad Alsubaie A, Abeid Allah Saad Z, Dirar Abd-alla M. Electronic Chips Act as Capacitors or Inductors When Lasers Act as an Information Transmitter.. [DOI: 10.20944/preprints202203.0204.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
To increase the network computer and mobile telephone capacity one needs a laser to carry information instead of electrons. Since the laser is very fast compared to electrons, one expects information to be transmitted very fast through the network (internet). This requires searching for chips that act as capacitors, inductors, or evens as resistors this work shows that the laser traveling beam diminished as the frequency reciprocal thus acts as a capacitor or diminished as frequency thus acts as an inductor and sometimes diminished with the concentration of carriers thus act as a resistor for magnetic materials with strength that cancels the friction force when the laser frequency is equal nearly to the atoms natural frequency the material act as an inductor. Then frictional force is dominant with high mobility dielectric, the material acts as a capacitor. However, it acts as a conductor for negligible friction and natural frequency.
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Rusdi H, Rusdi R, Aziz SB, Alsubaie AS, Mahmoud KH, Kadir MFZ. The Role of Sintering Temperature and Dual Metal Substitutions (Al 3+, Ti 4+) in the Development of NASICON-Structured Electrolyte. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:7342. [PMID: 34885494 PMCID: PMC8658278 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to synthesize Li1+xAlxTixSn2-2x(PO4) sodium super ion conductor (NASICON) -based ceramic solid electrolyte and to study the effect of dual metal substitution on the electrical and structural properties of the electrolyte. The performance of the electrolyte is analyzed based on the sintering temperature (550 to 950 °C) as well as the composition. The trend of XRD results reveals the presence of impurities in the sample, and from Rietveld Refinement, the purest sample is achieved at a sintering temperature of 950 °C and when x = 0.6. The electrolytes obey Vegard's Law as the addition of Al3+ and Ti4+ provide linear relation with cell volume, which signifies a random distribution. The different composition has a different optimum sintering temperature at which the highest conductivity is achieved when the sample is sintered at 650 °C and x = 0.4. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis showed that higher sintering temperature promotes the increment of grain boundaries and size. Based on energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis, x = 0.4 produced the closest atomic percentage ratio to the theoretical value. Electrode polarization is found to be at maximum when x = 0.4, which is determined from dielectric analysis. The electrolytes follow non-Debye behavior as it shows a variety of relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashlina Rusdi
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Roshidah Rusdi
- Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Malaysia;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Abdullah Saad Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, Khurma University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (K.H.M.)
| | - Khaled H. Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, Khurma University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.A.); (K.H.M.)
| | - Mohd F. Z. Kadir
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
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Yousaf ur Rehman M, Hussain D, Abbas S, Qureshi AM, Chughtai AH, Najam-Ul-Haq M, Alsubaie AS, Manzoor S, Mahmoud KH, Ashiq MN. Fabrication of Ni–MOF-derived composite material for efficient electrocatalytic OER. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1996944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dilshad Hussain
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Pakistan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Abbas
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah Saad Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma, University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Khaled H. Mahmoud
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma, University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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