A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria in West Africa Between 2010 and 2020

OBJECTIVE

In the past, studies on antimicrobial resistance were carried out on pathogens in the clinical areas. However, since then, this phenomenon has become a general case both in the environment and in the food sector. This systematic review aimed to review the various scientific publications on the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics in foods in West Africa.

METHODS

An extensive literature search was carried out through an electronic database including PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and African Journals Online (AJOL). Articles published from fifteen countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) between 2010 and 2020 on antibiotic resistance of foodborne pathogens were included in the study. The titles and abstracts of the retrieved articles and then the full texts of the selected articles were reviewed.

RESULTS

Out of the 565 articles found in our initial research, 149 publications (26.55%) were considered suitable for inclusion in this review. Globally, 2018, 2019, and 2020 had more included papers (n = 21 to 25) than the other years. Of the 149 publications analyzed, four types of food commodities were identified as products of high consumption based on the number of publications in the field such as poultry (39/149), read-to-eat food (22/149), meat, and animal products (20/149). Most studies have shown that E. coli has the highest prevalence followed by Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Only 33 (22.14%) of the 149 publications were based on further molecular characterization of the isolates. Publications analyzed showed that the most prevalent detected genes were tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(K) blaTEM, catA1, catA2, cmlA, blaCTXM and qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, parC, and qepA4.

CONCLUSION

From these results, antibiotic use in the food areas must be strongly regulated, especially in developing countries, particularly in Africa. This highlights the need to implement suitable and appropriate control strategies to reduce complications and prevent the dissemination of resistant bacteria isolates in foods. One health antimicrobial resistance surveillance system in the region must be a great concern.

[Effectiveness and cost of management of severe acute malnutrition with complications in Kaya, Burkina Faso]

Introduction

Les conséquences de la malnutrition aiguë sévère s’expriment en termes de santé et de survie de la personne affectée, mais aussi en termes de développement intellectuel de l’individu, sa productivité et globalement l’économie nationale. Sa prise en charge nécessite d’énormes moyens financiers. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’évaluer la performance de la prise en charge versus coût du traitement des enfants malnutris aigus sévères.

Méthodes

C’est une étude rétrospective réalisée de janvier à décembre 2014 auprès de 199 enfants de 0 à 59 mois admis au centre de récupération et d’éducation nutritionnelle de Kaya, Burkina Faso. Le coût de la prise en charge, la durée de séjour, le gain de poids journalier et la vitesse de récupération ont été analysées selon les méthodes de calcul standards. Le test de Mann-Whitney et de Kruskall-Wallis ont été utilisés pour comparer les médianes au seuil de 0,05.

Résultats

Comme présagé, les enfants de 6 à 23 mois étaient les plus affectée (51,8 %) et les infections respiratoires aiguës étaient les pathologies les plus associées (57,9 %). La durée médiane de séjour était de 9,0 (7,0 - 13,0) jours, la vitesse de récupération médiane de 100,0 (65,8 - 143,3) g/j et le gain pondéral médian journalier de 18,1 (11,6 - 27,7) g/kg/j. Le coût moyen de traitement d’un enfant malnutri est estimé à 15715,3 FCFA (25,2 USD).

Conclusion

Le coût de traitement est difficilement supportable par les parents des enfants malnutris d’où la nécessité de l’intervention du gouvernement et ses partenaires au développement.