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Saifullah M, Nisar A, Akhtar R, M Husnain S, Imtiaz S, Ahmad B, Ahmed Shafique M, Butt S, Arif M, Majeed Satti A, Shahzad Ahmed M, Kelly SD, Siddique N. Identification of provenance of Basmati rice grown in different regions of Punjab through multivariate analysis. Food Chem 2024; 444:138549. [PMID: 38335678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
High-priced Basmati rice is vulnerable to deliberate mislabeling to increase profits. This type of fraud may lower consumers' confidence as inferior products can affect brand reputation. To address this problem, there is a need to devise a method that can efficiently distinguish Basmati rice grown in regions that are famous versus the regions that are not suitable for their production. Therefore, in this investigation, thirty-six samples of Basmati rice were collected from two zones of Punjab province (one known for Basmati rice) of Pakistan which is the major producer of Basmati rice. The elemental composition of rice samples was assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and an organic elemental analyzer, whereas data on δ13C was acquired using isotopic ratio-mass spectrometry. Regional clustering of samples based on their respective cultivation zones was observed using multivariate data analysis techniques. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was found to be effective in grouping rice samples from the different locations and identifying unknown samples belonging to these two regions. Further recommendations are presented to develop a better model for tracing the origin of unidentified rice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saifullah
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Nisar
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Ramzan Akhtar
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Syed M Husnain
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan.
| | - Shamila Imtiaz
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Munib Ahmed Shafique
- Central Analytical Facility Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Saira Butt
- Isotope Application Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abid Majeed Satti
- Crop Sciences Institute (Rice Program), PARC-National Agriculture Research Center, 44000, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed
- Crop Sciences Institute (Rice Program), PARC-National Agriculture Research Center, 44000, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Simon D Kelly
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Center, PO Box 100, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Naila Siddique
- Chemistry Division, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
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Abstract
The concentrations of furazolidone (FZ) in plasma and milk were measured in goats treated orally with the drug at a dose of 10 mg kg-1 daily for 5 days. The maximum plasma concentrations obtained were 1.57 +/- 0.52 micrograms ml-1 (n = 5) 8 h after the first dose, and 2.13 +/- 0.11 micrograms ml-1 (n = 4) 6 h after the fifth dose. The maximum milk concentration was 0.88 +/- 0.32 micrograms ml-1 (n = 4) 8 h following the administration of a single dose. Using a colorimetric method, FZ was not detectable in goats' liver or muscle after the recommended therapeutic dose (10 mg kg-1, 5 days). However, using an HPLC method, the drug was detected 24 h after the treatment in the gluteal muscle and liver at concentrations of 0.26 +/- 0.01 microgram g-1 (n = 5) and 0.10 +/- 0.02 microgram g-1 (n = 5), respectively. The drug concentrations decreased significantly (P less than 0.05-0.01) at 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment, and no measurable concentrations were found after 10 days.
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Mustafa AI, Ali BH, Satti AM. HPLC analysis of furazolidone in goats given the therapeutic dose. Comp Biochem Physiol C Comp Pharmacol Toxicol 1985; 81:167-9. [PMID: 2861044 DOI: 10.1016/0742-8413(85)90109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Furazolidone (FZ) was given to Nubian goats at the recommended therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg body wt, for 5 days. The animals were slaughtered 24 hr after the last dose, and their livers, gluteal muscles, kidneys and hearts analysed for FZ residues by an HPLC method with a detection limit of 0.05 micrograms g-1. The drug was detected in the muscle and liver at concentrations of 0.256 +/- 0.009, 0.101 +/- 0.016 micrograms g-1 tissue, respectively. No detectable concentrations of the drug were found in the kidney and heart.
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