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Lagares MDA, da Silva GC, Cortes SF, Moreira FHM, Neves FCD, Alves NDC, Viegas RN, Diniz TF, Lemos VS, de Rezende ASC, Freitas MM, Stahlberg R, Nicolino RR. L-carnitine added to post-thawed semen acts as an antioxidant and a stimulator of equine sperm metabolism. Andrologia 2021; 54:e14338. [PMID: 34878673 DOI: 10.1111/and.14338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to enhance the in vitro sperm quality and in vivo fertility of frozen-thawed equine semen by the addition of l-carnitine (LC) to post-thawed semen. Different concentrations of LC were added to thawed samples to obtain four treatments control and 0.5, 1 and 2 mM LC. In the in vitro experiments, sperm motility and kinematics, membrane integrity and intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) were investigated, and the antioxidant bioactivity of LC was assessed by measuring hydrogen peroxide and nitrite concentrations (NO2 - ). The fertility rate was assessed via the artificial insemination of mares. The treatment with 1 mM LC increased sperm [Ca2+ ]i (60.6 ± 0.05 AU), reduced nitrite concentration (39.1 ± 14.9 µM/µg protein), increased the sperm straightness percentage (STR: 78.3 ± 5.3%) and increased the pregnancy rate (75%) as compared to the control ([Ca2+ ]i 48.4 ± 0.05 AU, NO2 - concentration 63.1 ± 14.4 µM/µg protein, STR 67.5 ± 7.9%, 12.5% pregnancy rate, p < 0.05). These results suggest that 1 mM LC acts as an antioxidant and stimulator of sperm metabolism in post-thawed equine semen, increasing the fertility rate. Thus, addition of LC might be an alternative to improve the fertility of poor quality post-thawed equine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steyner Franca Cortes
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rodrigo Novaes Viegas
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Frederico Diniz
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virginia Soares Lemos
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Morra Freitas
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rubens Stahlberg
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University (PUC- Minas) of Minas Gerais, Betim, Brazil
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Prado Silva RH, Carneiro de Rezende AS, Ferreira WM, Bastianetto E, Mello MM, Pereira de Abreu A, Farinelli F, Colares de Araújo Moreira D, Ralston SL. Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients, Blood Parameters and Body Development of Dewormed and Not Dewormed Weanlings. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 80:27-32. [PMID: 31443829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Weanlings undergo rapid body development in the first year of life and, in this period, are more susceptible to helminth infection that can impair their growth. The objective of this study was to compare the apparent digestibility of nutrients, blood parameters, and body development of deworming and not deworming weanlings. Fourteen Mangalarga Marchador weanling colts, on a farm in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil, were divided into two groups: dewormed (D) and not dewormed (ND) groups. The weanlings were kept separately for 3 months in two pastures of Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. African Star Grass. They also were supplemented with Cynodon dactylon cv. Tifton 85 predried hay ad libitum and 1.5 kg.100 kg-1 of body weight (BW) of corn-based concentrate. Eggs per gram of feces (EPG) of the weanlings were measured monthly. Group D was dewormed (200 mcg.kg-1 BW ivermectin + 2.5 mg.kg-1 BW praziquantel) whenever EPG was ≥500. Group ND weanlings were not treated. The weanlings were subjected to an apparent digestibility assay (total fecal collection procedure). Every month, the weanlings were weighed, evaluated for body condition score, and had withers height, croup height, body length, and thoracic circumference measured. Group ND was infected mainly by small strongyles. There was no difference between groups (P > .05) for morphometric measurements, dry matter intake, and digestibility coefficients, except for apparent digestibility of calcium, which was higher (P < .05) in group D. Small strongyles infection in six- to nine-month-old weanlings fed high grain, nutrient-balanced rations apparently did not affect growth, blood parameters, and apparent digestibility of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Henrique Prado Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Walter Motta Ferreira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Bastianetto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Mello
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson Pereira de Abreu
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Farinelli
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Lucille Ralston
- Emerita, Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Howell, NJ
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Prado Silva RH, Carneiro de Rezende AS, Felipe da Silva Inácio D, Norberto F, Saraiva de Melo Queiroz JN, Melo MM, Colares de Araújo Moreira D, de Jesus Mendes L, Peixoto JL, Cristeli JH. Feeding Behavior of Mangalarga Marchador Weanlings Fed Sorghum Silage Versus Grass Hay. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 75:90-92. [PMID: 31002101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mangalarga Marchador foals in Minas Gerais, Brazil, are usually weaned during the dry season, when there is a scarcity of forage. Although sorghum silage has been used to feed weanlings, the effect on their feeding behavior in comparison with grass hay has not been reported. Twelve Mangalarga Marchador weanlings were randomly assigned to two groups of six animals: SS: sorghum silage; VH: Vaquero hay. Both groups received commercial concentrate in the proportion of 1.2 kg.100 kg-1 of the live weight and forage ad libitum. The animals were filmed for 48 hours, being timed: forage intake time, water intake time (WIT), concentrate intake time, and leisure time (LT). Tukey's test was used to compare the parameters between SS and VH groups. Forage intake time and WIT were higher (P < .05) in VH group because the hay had low moisture content, stimulating water intake. Feeding behavior of weanlings kept in individual stalls and consuming sorghum silage was different than those consuming grass hay, providing less forage intake time and longer LT spent in comparison with VH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Henrique Prado Silva
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Diogo Felipe da Silva Inácio
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Felipe Norberto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marilia Martins Melo
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julia Lopes Peixoto
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jamile Hegermann Cristeli
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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da Silva Inácio DF, de Rezende ASC, Prado Silva RH, Martins Melo M, de Jesus Mendes L, Maruch S, da Costa Barcelos K, Lana ÂQ, Lucile Ralston S. The use of sorghum silage in feeding weanling horses: Body development. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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da Silva Inácio DF, de Rezende ASC, Melo MM, Quintão Lana ÂM, Prado Silva RH, de Jesus Mendes L, de Paula Gonçalves Reis L, Maruch S, Ralston SL. Effect of Supplementation of Sorghum Silage in Weanling Fillies During the Dry Period in Brazil. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 68:88-93. [PMID: 31256895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Young horses reach nearly 90% of their final height in the first year of life. However, to achieve their genetic potential, it is necessary to receive adequate nutrition during this period of rapid growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of sorghum silage during a period of limited pasture forage availability, on the body development, and health of Mangalarga Marchador (MM) weanling fillies. Fourteen healthy MM 6-month-old fillies were randomly assigned to one of two groups: GS (consuming silage) and GH (consuming grass hay (Cynodon spp) in addition to 1.5% of body weight (BW) in dry matter (DM) of a fortified corn-based concentrate (17% CP [crude protein]), which was fed in individual stalls divided into two feedings/day for both groups. After concentrate feedings, the experimental groups remained loose in drylot pens of 50 m2, where the assigned forages were fed ad libitum with free access to salt and water. Group feed intake of the forages was recorded. It was assumed they were consuming a forage:concentrate ratio of 50:50. To assess development, the animals were weighed and measured for height at the withers and croup, body length, girth, and cannon bone circumference. The physical condition of animals, including BW, rectal temperature, mucous membrane color, and body condition score were assessed as well as serum biochemical analyses of creatinine, urea, total protein, gamma glutaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus concentrations were evaluated. The weights, morphometric measurements, clinical evaluation, and blood collections were done on the first day and every 21 days during the 84 days trial period. The growth performance and serum were subjected to analysis of variance for repeated measures, factoring treatment, and collection period. Despite higher (P < .05) DM and CP intakes by the GH fillies than those GS, there were no treatment effects (P > .05) on any of the development or health parameters measured. The use of sorghum silage as forage source for 84 days during the dry season had no negative impact on the body development and health of MM fillies (6-9 months of age) that were also fed 1.5% BW of a commercial concentrate balanced for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marilia Martins Melo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ângela Maria Quintão Lana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Suzana Maruch
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Inácio DFDS, Rezende ASCD, Saliba EDOS, Silva RHP, Maruch S, Lana ÂMQ, Ralston SL. Dry Matter Intake and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in the Ration of Mangalarga Marchador Weanling Horses Fed Sorghum Silage Versus Grass Hay. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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de Almeida MLM, Feringer WH, Carvalho JRG, Rodrigues IM, Jordão LR, Fonseca MG, Carneiro de Rezende AS, de Queiroz Neto A, Weese JS, da Costa MC, Lemos EGDM, Ferraz GDC. Intense Exercise and Aerobic Conditioning Associated with Chromium or L-Carnitine Supplementation Modified the Fecal Microbiota of Fillies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167108. [PMID: 27935992 PMCID: PMC5147854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies performed in humans and rats have reported that exercise can alter the intestinal microbiota. Athletic horses perform intense exercise regularly, but studies characterizing horse microbiome during aerobic conditioning programs are still limited. Evidence has indicated that this microbial community is involved in the metabolic homeostasis of the host. Research on ergogenic substances using new sequencing technologies have been limited to the intestinal microbiota and there is a considerable demand for scientific studies that verify the effectiveness of these supplements in horses. L-carnitine and chromium are potentially ergogenic substances for athletic humans and horses since they are possibly able to modify the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. This study aimed to assess the impact of acute exercise and aerobic conditioning, associated either with L-carnitine or chromium supplementation, on the intestinal microbiota of fillies. Twelve “Mangalarga Marchador” fillies in the incipient fitness stage were distributed into four groups: control (no exercise), exercise, L-carnitine (10g/day) and chelated chromium (10mg/day). In order to investigate the impact of acute exercise or aerobic conditioning on fecal microbiota all fillies undergoing the conditioning program were analyzed as a separate treatment. The fillies underwent two incremental exercise tests before and after training on a treadmill for 42 days at 70–80% of the lactate threshold intensity. Fecal samples were obtained before and 48 h after acute exercise (incremental exercise test). Bacterial populations were characterized by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the MiSeq Illumina platform, and 5,224,389 sequences were obtained from 48 samples. The results showed that, overall, the two most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (50.22%) followed by Verrucomicrobia (15.13%). The taxa with the highest relative abundances were unclassified Clostridiales (17.06%) and "5 genus incertae sedis" from the phylum Verrucomicrobia (12.98%). There was a decrease in the phylum Chlamydiae and in the genus Mycobacterium after the second incremental exercise test. Intense exercise changed the community’s structure and aerobic conditioning was associated with changes in the composition and structure of the intestinal bacterial population of fillies. The intra-group comparison showed that chromium or L-carnitine induced moderate changes in the fecal microbiota of fillies, but the microbiota did not differ from the control group, which was exercised with no supplementation. Fecal pH correlated positively with Simpson’s index, while plasma pH correlated negatively. Our results show that exercise and aerobic conditioning can change in the microbiota and provide a basis for further studies enrolling a larger number of horses at different fitness levels to better understand the effects of exercise and training on the intestinal microbiota of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Mendes de Almeida
- Department of Technology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos e Plantas, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walter Heinz Feringer
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ribeiro Garcia Carvalho
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isadora Mestriner Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Rezende Jordão
- Department of Animal Sciences, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mayara Gonçalves Fonseca
- Department of Animal Sciences, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio de Queiroz Neto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos
- Department of Technology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos e Plantas, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Faculdades de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Farmacologia e Fisiologia do Exercício Equino (LAFEQ), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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da Costa Barcelos KM, de Rezende ASC, Biggi M, Lana ÂMQ, Maruch S, Faleiros RR. Prevalence of Tarsal Diseases in Champion Mangalarga Marchador Horses in the Marcha Picada Modality and Its Association With Tarsal Angle. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Prado Silva RH, de Rezende ASC, Saliba EDOS, Silva Inácio DFD, Santiago JM, Borges I, Ralston SL. The Effect of Deworming on Apparent Digestion, Body Weight, and Condition in Heavily Parasitized Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Santiago JM, Rezende ASCD, Lana ÂMQ, Fonseca MG, Abrantes RGP, Lage J, Andrade JM, Resende TM. Medidas morfométricas do rebanho atual de fêmeas Mangalarga Marchador e das campeãs da raça. Rev bras saúde prod anim 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402014000100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivou-se comparar as medidas morfométricas do rebanho atual de fêmeas Mangalarga Marchador (MM) com os exemplares campeões. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos constituídos pelo rebanho atual de fêmeas da raça MM, representado por todas as éguas registradas entre 2000 e 2012 que tiveram suas medidas armazenadas no banco de dados do Serviço de Registro Genealógico da Associação Brasileira de Criadores do Cavalo Mangalarga Marchador, totalizando 51993 animais; e pelas campeãs da raça, representadas por 266 animais campeões. Foram avaliadas a altura na cernelha e na garupa, comprimento da cabeça, pescoço, espádua, dorsolombo, garupa e corpo, largura da cabeça e da garupa e perímetro torácico e da canela. As medidas lineares foram relacionadas ao comprimento da cabeça, de acordo com o Sistema Eclético de Proporções. Os resultados das 12 medidas lineares foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Fisher (p<0,05). Em relação ao rebanho atual de fêmeas MM, as éguas campeãs da raça apresentaram maior comprimento da cabeça, corpo, pescoço, dorso-lombo e garupa, altura na cernelha e na garupa, largura da garupa e perímetro torácico e da canela. Concluiu-se que embora apresentem maiores medidas lineares, as éguas campeãs MM são proporcionalmente semelhantes ao rebanho atual de fêmeas da raça.
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