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Kelly E, Mundell SJ, Sava A, Roth AL, Felici A, Maltby K, Nathan PJ, Bullmore ET, Henderson G. The opioid receptor pharmacology of GSK1521498 compared to other ligands with differential effects on compulsive reward-related behaviours. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:305-14. [PMID: 24973897 PMCID: PMC4281354 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The novel opioid receptor antagonist, GSK1421498, has been shown to attenuate reward-driven compulsive behaviours, such as stimulant drug seeking or binge eating, in animals and humans. Here, we report new data on the receptor pharmacology of GSK121498, in comparison to naltrexone, naloxone, 6-β-naltrexol and nalmefene. OBJECTIVES To determine whether the novel opioid antagonist, GSK1521498, is an orthosteric or allosteric antagonist at the μ opioid receptor (MOPr) and whether it has neutral antagonist or inverse agonist properties. METHODS A combination of radioligand binding assays and [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays was employed. RESULTS GSK1521498 completely displaced [(3)H]naloxone binding to MOPr and did not alter the rate of [(3)H]naloxone dissociation from MOPr observations compatible with it binding to the orthosteric site on MOPr. GSK1521498 exhibited inverse agonism when MOPr was overexpressed but not when the level of MOPr expression was low. In parallel studies under conditions of high receptor expression density, naloxone, naltrexone, 6-β-naltrexol and nalmefene exhibited partial agonism, not inverse agonism as has been reported previously for naloxone and naltrexone. In brain tissue from mice receiving a prolonged morphine pre-treatment, GSK1521498 exhibited slight inverse agonism. CONCLUSIONS Differences between GSK1521498 and naltrexone in their effects on compulsive reward seeking are arguably linked to the more selective and complete MOPr antagonism of GSK1521498 versus the partial MOPr agonism of naltrexone. GSK1521498 is also pharmacologically differentiated by its inverse agonist efficacy at high levels of MOPr expression, but this may be less likely to contribute to behavioural differentiation at patho-physiological levels of expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kelly
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
| | - Stuart J. Mundell
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
| | - Anna Sava
- Aptuit Centre for Drug Discovery & Development, Aptuit Srl., Verona, Italy
| | - Adelheid L. Roth
- Aptuit Centre for Drug Discovery & Development, Aptuit Srl., Verona, Italy
| | - Antonio Felici
- Aptuit Centre for Drug Discovery & Development, Aptuit Srl., Verona, Italy
| | - Kay Maltby
- Medicines Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pradeep J. Nathan
- Medicines Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Medicines Discovery and Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Clinical Unit Cambridge, Cambridge, UK ,Brain Mapping Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Graeme Henderson
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD UK
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Corti C, Crepaldi L, Mion S, Roth AL, Xuereb JH, Ferraguti F. Altered dimerization of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2007; 62:747-55. [PMID: 17531207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Group II mGlus (mGlu2 and mGlu3) have attracted considerable interest since the development of potent specific agonists that exhibit atypical antipsychotic-like activity and reports of a genetic association between the mGlu3 gene and schizophrenia. METHODS In this postmortem study, mGlu3 protein levels in Brodmann area 10 of prefrontal cortex from schizophrenic (n = 20) and control (n = 35) subjects were analyzed by western immunoblotting using a novel specific mGlu3 antibody and an antibody for the vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1). RESULTS We report a significant decrease in the dimeric/oligomeric forms of mGlu3 in schizophrenic patients compared with control subjects, whereas total mGlu3 and VGluT1 levels were not altered significantly. CONCLUSIONS This is the first experimental evidence that mGlu3 receptor levels are altered in schizophrenia and supports the hypothesis that neurotransmission involving this particular excitatory amino acid receptor is impaired in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Corti
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Verona, Italy.
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Roth AL, Marzola E, Rizzi A, Arduin M, Trapella C, Corti C, Vergura R, Martinelli P, Salvadori S, Regoli D, Corsi M, Cavanni P, Caló G, Guerrini R. Structure-activity studies on neuropeptide S: identification of the amino acid residues crucial for receptor activation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:20809-20816. [PMID: 16720571 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601846200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) has been recently recognized as the endogenous ligand for the previous orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR154, now referred to as the NPS receptor (NPSR). The NPS-NPSR receptor system regulates important biological functions such as sleeping/wakening, locomotion, anxiety, and food intake. To collect information on the mechanisms of interaction between NPS and its receptor, a classical structure-activity relationship study was performed. Human (h) NPS derivatives obtained by Ala and d-scan and N- and C-terminal truncation were assessed for their ability to stimulate calcium release in HEK293 cells expressing the human recombinant NPSR. The results of this study indicate that (i) the effect of hNPS is mimicked by the fragment hNPS-(1-10); (ii) Phe(2), Arg(3), and Asn(4) are crucial for biological activity; (iii) the sequence Thr(8)-Gly(9)-Met(10) is important for receptor activation, although with non-stringent chemical requirements; and (iv) the sequence Val(6)-Gly(7) acts as a hinge region between the two above-mentioned domains. However, the stimulatory effect of hNPS given intracerebroventricularly on mouse locomotor activity was not fully mimicked by hNPS-(1-10), suggesting that the C-terminal region of the peptide maintains importance for in vivo activity. In conclusion, this study identified the amino acid residues of this peptide most important for receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid L Roth
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Alessandro Fleming 2, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anna Rizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marika Arduin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Corrado Corti
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Alessandro Fleming 2, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Vergura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Prisca Martinelli
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Alessandro Fleming 2, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Regoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Corsi
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Alessandro Fleming 2, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavanni
- Department of Biology, Psychiatry Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Via Alessandro Fleming 2, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Girolamo Caló
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology and Neuroscience Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Camarda V, Spagnol M, Song W, Vergura R, Roth AL, Thompson JP, Rowbotham DJ, Guerrini R, Marzola E, Salvadori S, Cavanni P, Regoli D, Douglas SA, Lambert DG, Calò G. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the novel UT receptor ligand [Pen5,DTrp7,Dab8]urotensin II(4-11) (UFP-803). Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147:92-100. [PMID: 16273120 PMCID: PMC1615843 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel urotensin-II (U-II) receptor (UT) ligand, [Pen(5),DTrp(7),Dab(8)]U-II(4-11) (UFP-803), was pharmacologically evaluated and compared with urantide in in vitro and in vivo assays. In the rat isolated aorta, UFP-803 was inactive alone but, concentration dependently, displaced the contractile response to U-II to the right, revealing a competitive type of antagonism and a pA(2) value of 7.46. In the FLIPR [Ca(2+)](i) assay, performed at room temperature in HEK293(hUT) and HEK293(rUT) cells, U-II increased [Ca(2+)](i) with pEC(50) values of 8.11 and 8.48. Urantide and UFP-803 were inactive as agonists, but antagonized the actions of U-II by reducing, in a concentration-dependent manner, the agonist maximal effects with apparent pK(B) values in the range of 8.45-9.05. In a separate series of experiments performed at 37 degrees C using a cuvette-based [Ca(2+)](i) assay and CHO(hUT) cells, urantide mimicked the [Ca(2+)](i) stimulatory effect of U-II with an intrinsic activity (alpha) of 0.80, while UFP-803 displayed a small (alpha=0.21) but consistent residual agonist activity. When the same experiments were repeated at 22 degrees C (a temperature similar to that in FLIPR experiments), urantide displayed a very small intrinsic activity (alpha=0.11) and UFP-803 was completely inactive as an agonist. In vivo in mice, UFP-803 (10 nmol kg(-1)) antagonized U-II (1 nmol kg(-1))-induced increase in plasma extravasation in various vascular beds, while being inactive alone. In conclusion, UFP-803 is a potent UT receptor ligand which displays competitive/noncompetitive antagonist behavior depending on the assay. While UFP-803 is less potent than urantide, it displayed reduced residual agonist activity and as such may be a useful pharmacological tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Camarda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Spagnol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Raffaella Vergura
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Adelheid L Roth
- Department of Biology, Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery Psychiatry, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Verona, Italy
| | - Jonathan P Thompson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - David J Rowbotham
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Severo Salvadori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biotechnology Centre, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Cavanni
- Department of Biology, Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery Psychiatry, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Regoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stephen A Douglas
- Cardiovascular and Urogenital Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA, U.S.A
| | - David G Lambert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics Group, Division of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, University of Leicester, Leicester
| | - Girolamo Calò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the alpha7 gene product are widely expressed in the nervous system and have high calcium permeabilities that allow them to influence numerous calcium-dependent processes. Though often found at presynaptic locations, where they enhance transmitter release, the receptors can also occupy postsynaptic sites. Highest levels have been reported for chick ciliary ganglion neurons, where the postsynaptic receptors are concentrated on somatic spines arranged in clumps and appear as large receptor clusters. We show here that subpopulations of chick spinal cord neurons also express high levels of alpha7-containing receptors and arrange them in large clusters. The populations include peripheral motoneurons, presumptive preganglionic neurons, neurons adjacent to the lateral motor column, and possible interneurons in the ventral horn. In many cases, the receptor clusters codistribute with filamentous actin, as do clusters on ciliary ganglion neurons, where the actin represents a somatic spine constituent. In other respects, the spinal cord clusters differ. Those on motoneurons codistribute with the actin-associated component drebrin, as do the clusters on ciliary ganglion neurons, but the clusters on preganglionic neurons do not. Preganglionic neurons do, however, stain for lipid raft components as found for ciliary ganglion neurons, where the rafts embed the receptor-enriched spines. The results demonstrate that CNS neurons can configure alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors into large clusters but also suggest that the clusters are not likely to reflect a common molecular substructure on all neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid L Roth
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0357, USA
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Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) that bind alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt) were studied on isolated rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons using whole-cell patch clamp recording techniques. Rapid application of ACh onto the soma of voltage clamped neurons evoked a slowly desensitizing current that was reversibly blocked by alpha Bgt (50 nM). The toxin-sensitive current constituted on average about half of the peak whole-cell response evoked by ACh. Nanomolar concentrations of methyllycaconitine blocked the alpha Bgt-sensitive component of the ACh-evoked current as did intracellular dialysis with an anti-alpha 7 monoclonal antibody. The results indicate that the slowly reversible toxin-sensitive response elicited by ACh arises from activation of an unusual class of alpha 7-containing receptor (alpha 7-nAChR) similar to that reported previously for rat intracardiac ganglion neurons. A second class of functional alpha 7-nAChR was identified on some SCG neurons by using rapid application of choline to elicit responses. In these cases a biphasic response was obtained, which included a rapidly desensitizing component that was blocked by alpha Bgt in a pseudo-irreversible manner. The pharmacology and kinetics of the responses resembled those previously attributed to alpha 7-nAChRs in a number of other neuronal cell types. Experiments measuring the dissociation rate of 125I-labelled alpha Bgt from SCG neurons revealed two classes of toxin-binding site. The times for toxin dissociation were consistent with those required to reverse blockade of the two kinds of alpha Bgt-sensitive response. These results indicate that rat SCG neurons express two types of functional alpha 7-nAChR, differing in pharmacology, desensitization and reversibility of alpha Bgt blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cuevas
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612-4799, USA
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Abstract
Nicotinic receptors containing the alpha7 gene product are widely expressed in the nervous system and have a high relative permeability to Ca(2+). This permits them to influence a variety of Ca(2+)-dependent events in neurons. On chick ciliary ganglion neurons, the receptors are concentrated on somatic spines and contribute directly to postsynaptic signaling. Receptors containing the alpha7 gene product can also be found in the chick sciatic nerve being transported to distal locations. Both motoneurons and dorsal root ganglion neurons are candidate sources of the receptors since both extend processes into the nerve and synthesize alpha7 protein. Immunoprecipitation assays with subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies and pharmacological comparisons fail to detect differences between sciatic nerve and ciliary ganglion alpha7-containing receptors. Cell-specific machinery and receptor posttranslational modifications may determine which sites the receptors populate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Roth
- Department of Biology, 0357, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Gerard AG, Roth AL, Becker SM, Shih CS. Regression of sarcoid hepatosplenomegaly on corticosteroid therapy. J Med Soc N J 1968; 65:64-7. [PMID: 5236092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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