1
|
Meng D, Yang Q, Jeong MH, Curukovic A, Tiwary S, Melick CH, Lama-Sherpa TD, Wang H, Huerta-Rosario M, Urquhart G, Zacharias LG, Lewis C, DeBerardinis RJ, Jewell JL. SNAT7 regulates mTORC1 via macropinocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123261119. [PMID: 35561222 PMCID: PMC9171778 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123261119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses amino acids to control cell growth, metabolism, and autophagy. Some amino acids signal to mTORC1 through the Rag GTPase, whereas glutamine and asparagine activate mTORC1 through a Rag GTPase-independent pathway. Here, we show that the lysosomal glutamine and asparagine transporter SNAT7 activates mTORC1 after extracellular protein, such as albumin, is macropinocytosed. The N terminus of SNAT7 forms nutrient-sensitive interaction with mTORC1 and regulates mTORC1 activation independently of the Rag GTPases. Depletion of SNAT7 inhibits albumin-induced mTORC1 lysosomal localization and subsequent activation. Moreover, SNAT7 is essential to sustain KRAS-driven pancreatic cancer cell growth through mTORC1. Thus, SNAT7 links glutamine and asparagine signaling from extracellular protein to mTORC1 independently of the Rag GTPases and is required for macropinocytosis-mediated mTORC1 activation and pancreatic cancer cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Qianmei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Adna Curukovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Shweta Tiwary
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Tshering D. Lama-Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Mariela Huerta-Rosario
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Greg Urquhart
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Lauren G. Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Melick CH, Lama-Sherpa TD, Curukovic A, Jewell JL. G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Regulation. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:181-190. [PMID: 34965982 PMCID: PMC9092479 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses upstream stimuli to regulate numerous cellular functions such as metabolism, growth, and autophagy. Increased activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) is typically observed in human disease and continues to be an important therapeutic target. Understanding the upstream regulators of mTORC1 will provide a crucial link in targeting hyperactivated mTORC1 in human disease. In this mini-review, we will discuss the regulation of mTORC1 by upstream stimuli, with a specific focus on G-protein coupled receptor signaling to mTORC1. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: mTORC1 is a master regulator of many cellular processes and is often hyperactivated in human disease. Therefore, understanding the molecular underpinnings of G-protein coupled receptor signaling to mTORC1 will undoubtedly be beneficial for human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chase H Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tshering D Lama-Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Adna Curukovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Wang H, Melick CH, Jeong MH, Curukovic A, Tiwary S, Lama-Sherpa TD, Meng D, Servage KA, James NG, Jewell JL. AKAP13 couples GPCR signaling to mTORC1 inhibition. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009832. [PMID: 34673774 PMCID: PMC8570464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses multiple stimuli to regulate anabolic and catabolic processes. mTORC1 is typically hyperactivated in multiple human diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Extensive research has focused on signaling pathways that can activate mTORC1 such as growth factors and amino acids. However, less is known about signaling cues that can directly inhibit mTORC1 activity. Here, we identify A-kinase anchoring protein 13 (AKAP13) as an mTORC1 binding protein, and a crucial regulator of mTORC1 inhibition by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. GPCRs paired to Gαs proteins increase cyclic adenosine 3’5’ monophosphate (cAMP) to activate protein kinase A (PKA). Mechanistically, AKAP13 acts as a scaffold for PKA and mTORC1, where PKA inhibits mTORC1 through the phosphorylation of Raptor on Ser 791. Importantly, AKAP13 mediates mTORC1-induced cell proliferation, cell size, and colony formation. AKAP13 expression correlates with mTORC1 activation and overall lung adenocarcinoma patient survival, as well as lung cancer tumor growth in vivo. Our study identifies AKAP13 as an important player in mTORC1 inhibition by GPCRs, and targeting this pathway may be beneficial for human diseases with hyperactivated mTORC1. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) can sense multiple upstream stimuli to regulate cell growth and metabolism. Increased mTORC1 activation results in many human diseases such as cancer. Small molecules like rapamycin that target and inhibit mTORC1, are available in the clinic with limited success. Thus, decoding the mechanisms involved in mTORC1 regulation is crucial. Most of the research has focused on stimuli that activate mTORC1. Less is known about signaling pathways that can directly inhibit mTORC1 activity. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) coupled to Gαs proteins signal to and potently inhibit mTORC1. In this study, we have identified AKAP13 to play a crucial role in mTORC1 inhibition by GPCR signaling. Importantly, GPCRs are the largest family of drug targets with many approved FDA compounds. Targeting this signaling pathway may be beneficial for human diseases with hyperactivated mTORC1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihai Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chase H. Melick
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adna Curukovic
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shweta Tiwary
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tshering D. Lama-Sherpa
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Delong Meng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Servage
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G. James
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Jenna L. Jewell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meng D, Yang Q, Melick CH, Park BC, Hsieh T, Curukovic A, Jeong M, Zhang J, James NG, Jewell JL. ArfGAP1 inhibits mTORC1 lysosomal localization and activation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106412. [PMID: 33988249 PMCID: PMC8204869 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates nutrients, growth factors, stress, and energy status to regulate cell growth and metabolism. Amino acids promote mTORC1 lysosomal localization and subsequent activation. However, the subcellular location or interacting proteins of mTORC1 under amino acid-deficient conditions is not completely understood. Here, we identify ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 (ArfGAP1) as a crucial regulator of mTORC1. ArfGAP1 interacts with mTORC1 in the absence of amino acids and inhibits mTORC1 lysosomal localization and activation. Mechanistically, the membrane curvature-sensing amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs that bind to vesicle membranes are crucial for ArfGAP1 to interact with and regulate mTORC1 activity. Importantly, ArfGAP1 represses cell growth through mTORC1 and is an independent prognostic factor for the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Our study identifies ArfGAP1 as a critical regulator of mTORC1 that functions by preventing the lysosomal transport and activation of mTORC1, with potential for cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Meng
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Qianmei Yang
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Chase H Melick
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Brenden C Park
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Ting‐Sung Hsieh
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Adna Curukovic
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Mi‐Hyeon Jeong
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Junmei Zhang
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Nicholas G James
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyJohn A. Burns School of MedicineUniversity of HawaiiHonoluluHIUSA
| | - Jenna L Jewell
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|