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Santa Maria de la Parra L, Romo AIB, Rodríguez-López J, Nascimento OR, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, León IE. Promising Dual Anticancer and Antimetastatic Action by a Cu(II) Complex Derived from Acylhydrazone on Human Osteosarcoma Models. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4925-4938. [PMID: 38442008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma cancers are becoming more common in children and young adults, and existing treatments have low efficacy and a very high mortality rate, making it pressing to search for new chemotherapies with high efficacy and high selectivity index. Copper complexes have shown promise in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] complex where N-N-Fur is (E)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide. The [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] complex was characterized via X-ray diffraction and electron spin resonance (ESR), displaying a copper center in a nearly squared pyramid environment with the nitrate ligand acting as a fifth ligand in the coordination sphere. We observed that [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] binds to DNA in an intercalative manner. Anticancer activity on the MG-63 cell line was evaluated in osteosarcoma monolayer (IC50 2D: 1.1 ± 0.1 μM) and spheroids (IC50 3D: 16.3 ± 3.1 μM). Selectivity assays using nontumoral fibroblast (L929 cell line) showed that [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] has selectivity index value of 2.3 compared to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) (SI = 0.3). Additionally, flow cytometry studies demonstrated that [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] inhibits cell proliferation and conveys cells to apoptosis. Cell viability studies of MG-63 spheroids (IC50 = 16.3 ± 3.1 μM) showed that its IC50 value is 4 times lower than for CDDP (IC50 = 65 ± 6 μM). Besides, we found that cell death events mainly occurred in the center region of the spheroids, indicating efficient transport to the microtumor. Lastly, the complex showed dose-dependent reductions in spheroid cell migration from 7.5 to 20 μM, indicating both anticancer and antimetastatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Santa Maria de la Parra
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adolfo I B Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - Otaciro R Nascimento
- Departamento de Física Interdiciplinar, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369 , CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Echeverría
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Instituto IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oscar E Piro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Instituto IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E León
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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2
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Hossain MS, Romo AIB, Putnam S, Dawlaty J, Augustyn V, Rodríguez-López J. Electrode potential driven dissociation of N-heterocycle-BF3 adducts: a possible manifestation of the electro-inductive effect. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202304218. [PMID: 37053046 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, non-Faradaic effects were used to modify the electronic structure and reactivity of electrode-bound species. We hypothesize that these electrostatic perturbations could influence the chemical reactivity of electrolyte species near an electrode in the absence of Faradaic electron transfer. A prime example of non-Faradaic effects is acid-base dissociation near an interface. Here, we probed the near-electrode dissociation of N-heterocycle-BF3 Lewis adducts upon electrode polarization, well outside of the redox potential window of the adducts. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy, we detected a potential-dependent depletion of the adduct near the electrode. We propose an electro-inductive effect where a more positive potential leads to electron withdrawal on the N-heterocycle. This study takes a step forward in the use of electrostatics at electrochemical interfaces for field-driven electrocatalytic and electrosynthetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sazzad Hossain
- UIUC: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, 61801, Urbana, UNITED STATES
| | - Adolfo I B Romo
- UIUC: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, 61801, Urbana, UNITED STATES
| | - Seth Putnam
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Chemistry, 600 South Matthews Avenue, 61801, Urbana, UNITED STATES
| | - Jahan Dawlaty
- University of Southern California Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 90089, Los Angelos, UNITED STATES
| | - Veronica Augustyn
- North Carolina State University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 27695, Raleigh, UNITED STATES
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Chemistry, 600 S Mathews Ave., United States, 61801, Urbana, UNITED STATES
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Barroso-Martínez J, B. Romo AI, Pudar S, Putnam ST, Bustos E, Rodríguez-López J. Real-Time Detection of Hydroxyl Radical Generated at Operating Electrodes via Redox-Active Adduct Formation Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18896-18907. [PMID: 36215201 PMCID: PMC9586107 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is one of the most attractive reactive oxygen species due to its high oxidation power and its clean (photo)(electro)generation from water, leaving no residues and creating new prospects for efficient wastewater treatment and electrosynthesis. Unfortunately, in situ detection of •OH is challenging due to its short lifetime (few ns). Using lifetime-extending spin traps, such as 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) to generate the [DMPO-OH]• adduct in combination with electron spin resonance (ESR), allows unambiguous determination of its presence in solution. However, this method is cumbersome and lacks the necessary sensitivity and versatility to explore and quantify •OH generation dynamics at electrode surfaces in real time. Here, we identify that [DMPO-OH]• is redox-active with E0 = 0.85 V vs Ag|AgCl and can be conveniently detected on Au and C ultramicroelectrodes. Using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), a four-electrode technique capable of collecting the freshly generated [DMPO-OH]• from near the electrode surface, we detected its generation in real time from operating electrodes. We also generated images of [DMPO-OH]• production and estimated and compared its generation efficiency at various electrodes (boron-doped diamond, tin oxide, titanium foil, glassy carbon, platinum, and lead oxide). Density functional calculations, ESR measurements, and bulk calibration using the Fenton reaction helped us unambiguously identify [DMPO-OH]• as the source of redox activity. We hope these findings will encourage the rapid, inexpensive, and quantitative detection of •OH for conducting informed explorations of its role in mediated oxidation processes at electrode surfaces for energy, environmental, and synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaxiry
S. Barroso-Martínez
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica,
S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Adolfo I. B. Romo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Sanja Pudar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Seth T. Putnam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
| | - Erika Bustos
- Centro
de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica,
S.C. Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, 76703Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, 600 South Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois61801, United States
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Ruiz MC, Perelmulter K, Levín P, Romo AIB, Lemus L, -Fogolín MB, León IE, Di Virgilio AL. Antiproliferative activity of two copper (II) complexes on colorectal cancer cell models: Impact on ROS production, apoptosis induction and NF-κB inhibition. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106092. [PMID: 34879254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to screen the antiproliferative activity and mechanism of actions of two copper complexes: [Cu(dmp)2(CH3CN)]2+ (1) and [Cu(phen)2(CH3CN)]2+ (2) on 2D and 3D colorectal cancer cells models. Cell viability studies on three colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29, LS174T, Caco-2) displayed that 1 showed more robust antiproliferative activity than 2 and cisplatin. Intracellular copper content (63.24% and 48.06% for 1 and 2, respectively) can explain the differences in the cytotoxicity assay. ROS production is the primary mechanism of action involved in the antiproliferative activity of 1 showing 4-, 70- and 2.5- fold increased values of ROS level for HT-29, LS174T, Caco-2 cancer cell lines, respectively. This effect takes place along with the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane at 2 µM. Besides, both complexes increased apoptosis on three cancer cell lines at low micromolar concentrations (0.5-2.5 μM). Moreover, 1 and 2 inhibited NF-κB pathway both in HT-29-NF-kB-hrGFP monolayer (0.5 to 1 μM) and spheroids HT-29 GFP (5 to 10 μM). This inhibitory effect leads to an inactivation of the MMP-9 expression on HT-29 cell line. Altogether, these results showed that 1 exhibits antiproliferative activity on human colorectal cancer cells in the monolayer and the 3D model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ruiz
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv 120 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Karen Perelmulter
- Cell Biology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Levín
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago Chile
| | - Adolfo I B Romo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Luis Lemus
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Alameda 3363, Estación Central, Santiago Chile
| | | | - Ignacio E León
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv 120 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Ana Laura Di Virgilio
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv 120 1465, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
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Romo AIB, Carepo MP, Levín P, Nascimento OR, Díaz DE, Rodríguez-López J, León IE, Bezerra LF, Lemus L, Diógenes ICN. Synergy of DNA intercalation and catalytic activity of a copper complex towards improved polymerase inhibition and cancer cell cytotoxicity. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:11931-11940. [PMID: 34374389 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Improving the binding of metal complexes to DNA to boost cancer cell cytotoxicity requires fine tuning of their structural and chemical properties. Copper has been used as a metal center in compounds containing intercalating ligands due to its ability to catalytically generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals (OH˙). We envision the synergy of DNA binding and ROS generation in proximity to target DNA as a powerful chemotherapy treatment. Here, we explore the use of [Cu(2CP-Bz-SMe)]2+ (2CP-Bz-SMe = 1,3-bis(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yloxy)-N-(4-(methylthio)benzylidene)propan-2-amine) for this purpose by characterizing its cytotoxicity, DNA binding, and ability to affect DNA replication through the polymerase chain reaction - PCR and nuclease assays. We determined the binding (Kb) and Stern-Volmer constants (KSV) for complex-DNA association of 5.8 ± 0.14 × 104 and 1.64 (±0.08), respectively, through absorption titration and competitive fluorescence experiments. These values were superior to those of other Cu-complex intercalators. We hypothesize that the distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry of [Cu(2CP-Bz-SMe)]2+ allows the phenanthroline fragments to be better accommodated into the DNA double helix. Moreover, the aromaticity of these fragments increases the local hydrophobicity thus increasing the affinity for the hydrophobic domains of DNA. Nuclease assays in the presence of common reducing agents ascorbic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and glutathione showed the effective degradation of DNA due to the in situ generation of OH˙. The [Cu(2CP-Bz-SMe)]2+ complex showed cytotoxicity against the following human cancer cells lines A549, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MG-63 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.62 ± 0.48, 5.20 ± 0.76, 5.70 ± 0.42 and 2.88 ± 0.66 μM, respectively. These low values of IC50, which are promising if compared to that of cisplatin, are ascribed to the synergistic effect of ROS generation with the intercalation ability into the DNA minor grooves and blocking DNA replication. This study introduces new principles for synergizing the chemical and structural properties of intercalation compounds for improved drug-DNA interactions targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo I B Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Cx. Postal 6021, Fortaleza, CE 60451-970, Brasil.
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6
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Levín P, Ruiz MC, Romo AIB, Nascimento OR, Di Virgilio AL, Oliver AG, Ayala AP, Diógenes ICN, León IE, Lemus L. Water-mediated reduction of [Cu(dmp) 2(CH 3CN)] 2+: implications of the structure of a classical complex on its activity as an anticancer drug. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
[Cu(dmp)2(CH3CN)]2+ can be reduced in acetonitrile containing water due to steric constraints of the ligands. Hydroxyl radicals are produced from water oxidation. We take advantage of this reaction to evaluate the anticancer activity of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Levín
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - María C. Ruiz
- Centro de Química Inorgánica CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP)
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - Adolfo I. B. Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Otaciro R. Nascimento
- Departamento de Física Interdiciplinar
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos Universidade de São Paulo
- CEP 13560-970 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | | | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Notre Dame
- 46556-5670 Notre Dame
- USA
| | | | - Izaura C. N. Diógenes
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Ignacio E. León
- Centro de Química Inorgánica CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP)
- La Plata
- Argentina
| | - Luis Lemus
- Departamento de Química de los Materiales
- Facultad de Química y Biología
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
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Nunes ED, Villela AD, Basso LA, Teixeira EH, Andrade AL, Vasconcelos MA, do Nascimento Neto LG, Gondim ACS, Diógenes ICN, Romo AIB, Nascimento OR, Zampieri D, Paulo TF, de Carvalho IMM, de França Lopes LG, Sousa EHS. Light-induced disruption of an acyl hydrazone link as a novel strategy for drug release and activation: isoniazid as a proof-of-concept case. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01172b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photocleavage of an acyl hydrazone bridge was achieved by conjugating isoniazid to a ruthenium(ii) metal complex through the generation of singlet oxygen, which released and activated the anti-tuberculosis pro-drug isoniazid.
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Romo AIB, Dibo VS, Abreu DS, Carepo MSP, Neira AC, Castillo I, Lemus L, Nascimento OR, Bernhardt PV, Sousa EHS, Diógenes ICN. Ascorbyl and hydroxyl radical generation mediated by a copper complex adsorbed on gold. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14128-14137. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01726g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemistry, nuclease assays, and EPR were used to detect ascorbyl and hydroxyl radical generation by a copper complex adsorbed on gold.
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Romo AIB, Abreu DS, de F. Paulo T, Carepo MSP, Sousa EHS, Lemus L, Aliaga C, Batista AA, Nascimento OR, Abruña HD, Diógenes ICN. Hydroxyl Radical Generation and DNA Nuclease Activity: A Mechanistic Study Based on a Surface-Immobilized Copper Thioether Clip-Phen Derivative. Chemistry 2016; 22:10081-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo I. B. Romo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Dieric S. Abreu
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Tércio de F. Paulo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Marta S. P. Carepo
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Eduardo H. S. Sousa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
| | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central; Santiago Chile
| | - Carolina Aliaga
- Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Estación Central; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología; CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
| | - Alzir A. Batista
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Federal de São Carlos; CP 676, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Otaciro R. Nascimento
- Departamento de Física e Informática; Instituto de Física de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; CP 369, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP Brazil
| | - Héctor D. Abruña
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853-1301 USA
| | - Izaura C. N. Diógenes
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica; Universidade Federal do Ceará; Cx. Postal 6021 Fortaleza, CE 60451-970 Brasil
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