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Kaabia NM, Al Basha H, Bukhari DA, Bouafia N, Al Qahtani AN, Alshahrani AM, Aboushanab IM, Al Odayani AN. Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection at a tertiary care facility in Saudi Arabia: Results of prospective surveillance. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:188-193. [PMID: 38309732 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.2.20230398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and the frequency of known risk factors. METHODS A prospective hospital-based surveillance for CDI, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, was carried out from July 2019 to March 2022 for all inpatients aged more than one year in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RESULTS A total of 139 cases of CDI were identified during the survey among 130 patients admitted in the hospital. Most cases were incident (n=130; 93.5%), and almost three-quarters (n=102; 73.4%) were hospital-onset (HO) CDI, with an incidence rate of 1.62 per 10,000 patient days (PD). The highest rates were noted in intensive care units with an incidence rate of 3 per 10,000 PD and wards for immunocompromised patients with an incidence rate of 2.72 per 10,000 PD. The most prevalent risk factor for CDI was acid-reducing drugs (72.6%). Vancomycin (48%) and ciprofloxacin (25%) were the most frequently prescribed antibiotics for patients with CDI. Clostridioides difficile infection complications were identified in 5.7% of the cases, with a reported 28-day mortality rate of 3.8%. CONCLUSION In our hospital, HO-CDI incidence rate is lower than that in high-income countries. National multicenter surveillance is needed to evaluate the actual burden of CDI in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufel M Kaabia
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Al Basha
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal A Bukhari
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabiha Bouafia
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aeshah N Al Qahtani
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Alshahrani
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail M Aboushanab
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman N Al Odayani
- From the Infection Control and Prevention Centre of Excellence (Kaabia, Al Basha, Bukhari, Bouafia, Al Qahtani, Aboushanab, Al Odayani), Prince Sultan Military Medical City, and from the Department of specialty? (Alshahrani), Al Maarefa University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alshahrani AM, Abdelgader TM, Mohya M, Jubran S, Abdoon AMO, Daffalla AA, Babiker A, Kyalo D, Noor AM, Al-Zahrani MH, Snow RW. Risk Associated with Malaria Infection in Tihama Qahtan, Aseer Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: 2006-2007. Malar Control Elimin 2019; 5:144. [PMID: 31286096 PMCID: PMC6614030 DOI: 10.4172/2470-6965/1000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since 2004, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has pursued a policy of malaria elimination. The distribution of malaria at this time was constrained to regions located in the South Western part of the country. The present study aimed to understand the risk of malaria infection and factors associated with these events between March 2006 and August 2007 in one part of Aseer region. METHODS The study was carried out in Tihama Qahtan area in the far southeastern part of Aseer, historically the most malaria endemic area of this region. The area covers 54 villages served by three primary health care centres (Wadi Alhayah, Alfarsha and Albuqaa). Malaria cases were detected using passive case detection (PCD) at the three health centres for 18 months from March 2006, each positive case was investigated using patient and household level enquiries. In addition, four cross-sectional surveys in 12 villages were undertaken using rapid diagnostic tests within the catchments of each health centre coinciding with malaria transmission seasons. RESULTS Among 1840 individuals examined in the PCD survey, 49 (2.7%) were positive for malaria, most were Plasmodium falciparum cases and one was a P. vivax case. The majority of these infections were likely to have been acquired outside of the area and represent imported cases, including those from the neighboring region of Jazan. Among the 18 locally acquired cases, the majority were adult males who slept outdoors. 3623 individuals were screened during the cross-sectional surveys, 16 (0.44%) were positive and infections only detected during peak, potential transmission periods. CONCLUSION There was evidence of local malaria transmission in the Tihama Qahtan area in 2006-2007, however prevalence and incidence of new infections was very low, making the future ambitions of elimination biologically feasible. The constant source of imported infections must be considered in the area's elimination ambitions, alongside strong behavioural community messages about sleeping outdoors unprotected and travel to malaria endemic areas outside the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Alshahrani
- Vector Control Administration, Aseer Health Affairs Directorate,
Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Aseer General Directorate of Health Affairs, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - TM Abdelgader
- Vector Control Administration, Aseer Health Affairs Directorate,
Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Aseer General Directorate of Health Affairs, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - M Mohya
- Aseer General Directorate of Health Affairs, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - S Jubran
- Vector Control Administration, Aseer Health Affairs Directorate,
Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - AMO Abdoon
- Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia
| | - AA Daffalla
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - A Babiker
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research,
Sudan
| | - D Kyalo
- Spatial Health Metrics Group, Kenya Medical Research
Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - AM Noor
- Spatial Health Metrics Group, Kenya Medical Research
Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - MH Al-Zahrani
- National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Health, Riyadh,
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - RW Snow
- Spatial Health Metrics Group, Kenya Medical Research
Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nuffield
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Alqahtani DO, Abbas M, Alshahrani AM, Ibrahim ME. Acute intestinal schistosomiasis among school-aged children presented to King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha province, Saudi Arabia: A Case Series. Trop Biomed 2017; 34:305-314. [PMID: 33593010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute intestinal schistosomiasis is one of the clinical manifestations of infection with S. mansoni fluke. School aged-children are most at risk for this infection. To present cases of acute intestinal schistosomiasis among school-aged children attending the pediatric unit at King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha province, southwest of Saudi Arabia. This was a retrospective case study of nine school aged-children who were diagnosed with intestinal schistosomiasis in 2015. Data regarding clinical presentation, development of infections, diagnosis and management were recorded. Direct microscopical examination of stool sample for detection of S. mansoni egg's had been applied as a diagnostic tool. Laboratory findings were obtained to assess the severity of the infection. Nine children (7 boys and 2 girls) having acute intestinal schistosomiasis were reviewed. The age of the children were between six to 13 years old [mean 8.8 ± 2.17 years (SD)]. The duration of signs and symptoms prior to admission ranged from three to 21 days [mean 9.0 ± 5.8 days (SD)]. Most of the patients (n=7) presented with fever associated with abdominal pain followed by vomiting and cough. Four patients have a family history of intestinal schistosomiasis. Children had history of water contact for playing and swimming purposes. Infected children were treated with praziquantel (PZQ) oral dose of 20 mg/kg every eight hours for a day. None of the children presented late complications of schistosomiasis after three months follow up. The existence of intestinal schistosomiasis among school aged-children in Bisha suburb is alarming. The severity of the clinical manifestations of acute intestinal schistosomiasis were non-specific and varied that need of high expectation of physicians to diagnosis such disease. Obtaining of patients travelling history to endemic areas and visiting of infested water resources are necessary for detection of schistosomiasis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Alqahtani
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Hospital, P.O. Box 299 Bisha Province 61361, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M Abbas
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 731 Bisha 61361, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Alshahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 551 Bisha 61361; Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M E Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 731 Bisha 61361, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alshahrani AM, Spithourakis SA, Juszczyk AS, Radford DR, Clark RKF. The effect of monomer/polymer mixing ratio, time between mixing and packing of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material and bond assisting agents on the bond strength to acrylic resin denture teeth. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012; 20:131-134. [PMID: 23101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of varying the monomer/polymer mixing ratio, the time from mixing to packing heat cured acrylic resin and the effect of two bond assisting agents on the strength of the bond between denture base acrylic resin and acrylic resin denture teeth. Statistical differences were found in bond strength with monomer/polymer ratio and time between mixing and packing with one of the heat cured resins investigated. The benefit of using the bonding agents was not demonstrated.
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Abdoon AMMO, Alshahrani AM. Prevalence and distribution of anopheline mosquitoes in malaria endemic areas of Asir region, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 2003; 9:240-7. [PMID: 15751915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To study the prevalence of anopheline mosquitoes, over 180 sites were sampled in malaria-endemic areas of Asir region, Saudi Arabia, during June 1999-April 2001. A total of 7085 larval and 754 adult female Anopheles spp. specimens were collected. Seven species were identified: An. dthali, An. rupicolus, An. sergentii, An. arabiensis, An. multicolor, An. turkhudi and An. pretoriensis. Both An. arabiensis and An. sergentii are known vectors of malaria in the region. An. dthali occurred in all sites and was the most abundant species. An. turkhudi was collected in low numbers as larvae only. An. multicolor and An. pretoriensis were recorded for the first time in Asir region. An. sergentii is a species of the northern areas of the region, whereas An. arabiensis was more prevalent in the south.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M O Abdoon
- Disease Vectors Control Administration, Health Affairs Directorate, Almasqi, Abha, Asir Region, Saudi Arabia
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