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Nasri C, Halabi Y, Hajib A, Choukri H, Harhar H, Lee LH, Mani V, Ming LC, Goh KW, Bouyahya A, Tabyaoui M. Proximate composition, lipid and elemental profiling of eight varieties of avocado (Persea americana). Sci Rep 2023; 13:22767. [PMID: 38123687 PMCID: PMC10733347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight Moroccan avocado varieties were analyzed for their nutritional composition and physicochemical properties. The nutritional contents of the sample were determined through the evaluation of the moisture, oil, ash, protein, and carbohydrate contents, and energy value calculation. Additionally, macroelements (Ca, Mg, and Na) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) were determined in the mineral profile. Oils were examined also for their fatty acid, phytosterol, and tocopherol profiles. As a result of the study, the avocado presents significant differences between the eight studied varieties (p < 0.05), with regard to moisture content (57.88 g/100 g to 84.71 g/100 g), oil content (8.41 g/100 g to 57.88 g/100 g), ash (0.57 g/100 g to 1.37 g/100 g), protein content (5.7 g/100 g to 8.61 g/100 g), carbohydrate content (5.63 g/100 g to 14.61 g/100 g), and energy value (99.9 kcal/100 g to 316.8 kcal/100 g). Sodium (5783.01 mg/kg to 12,056.19 mg/kg) was the predominant macro-element in all varieties, followed by calcium (295.95 mg/kg to 531.67 mg/kg), and magnesium (246.29 mg/kg to 339.84 mg/kg). Copper (85.92 mg/kg to 112. 31 mg/kg) was the main microelement in all varieties, followed by iron (8.5 mg/kg to 20.32 mg/kg), and manganese (7.3 mg/kg to 18.45 mg/kg), while zinc (1.72 mg/kg to 5.66 mg/kg) was detected in small amounts. In addition, significant difference was observed in lipid profiles, according to the eight studied varieties (p < 0.05). Avocado oils were mainly composed of monounsaturated fatty acids (76.89 g/100 g to 84.7 g/100 g), with oleic acid (50.38 g/100 g to 71.49 g/100 g) standing out as particularly characteristic, while β-sitosterol (l2365.58 mg/kg to 4559.27 mg/kg), and α-tocopherol (30.08 mg/kg to 182.94 mg/kg) were among its major phytosterols and tocopherols. All avocado varieties represented in this study can be consumed as a fruit as an excellent source of energy, minerals, fatty acids, phytosterols, and tocopherols. The regular consumption of this fruit provides the body with several essential nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaimae Nasri
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasmina Halabi
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Hajib
- Higher School of Education and Training (ESEF), Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway City, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Research Center for Life Science and Healthcare, China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute (CBI), University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, 51452, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Sunway Microbiome Centre, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500, Sunway City, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, 47500, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Tabyaoui
- Laboratory of Materials, Nanotechnology, and Environment LMNE, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
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Hajib A, El Harkaoui S, Choukri H, Khouchlaa A, Aourabi S, El Menyiy N, Bouyahya A, Matthaeus B. Apiaceae Family an Important Source of Petroselinic Fatty Acid: Abundance, Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Biological Proprieties. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1675. [PMID: 38002357 PMCID: PMC10669383 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Petroselinic fatty acid (PeFA) is considered a rare fatty acid and one of the most important fatty acids in the Apiaceae family. Its content varies depending on plant species, geographical origin, extraction method, ripeness, etc. Indeed, reported levels of petroselinic fatty acid range from 10.4 to 75.6% (in anise seed oil), 1 to 81.9% (in coriander seed oil), 28.5 to 57.6% (in caraway seed oil), 49.4 to 75.6% (in celery seed oil), 41.3 to 61.8% (in caraway seed oil), 79.9 to 87.2% (in dill seed oil), 43.1 to 81.9% (in fennel seed oil), and 35 to 75.1% (parsley seed oil). In this review, we also show current knowledge about genes encoding biosynthesis, from the desaturation of 16:0-ACP to petroselinic acid stored in triacylglycerol in the seeds. Furthermore, petroselinic acid is not related to the synthesis of ABA. PeFA was successfully isolated from Apiaceae family plant seeds in order to study their reactivity and biological activities. Several investigations showed that this fatty acid has a wide range of biological potentials, including antidiabetic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities. In cosmetics, PeFA alone or in association with other active compounds has interesting applications as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin, hair, and nail disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hajib
- Laboratory of Bioactive and Molecules of Interest, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (NAMAP), Taounate 34000, Morocco
| | - Said El Harkaoui
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Insitute for Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, D-32756 Detmold, Germany
| | - Hasnae Choukri
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, Rabat 10000, Morocco
| | - Aya Khouchlaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (NAMAP), Taounate 34000, Morocco
| | - Sarra Aourabi
- Laboratory of Bioactive and Molecules of Interest, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (NAMAP), Taounate 34000, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (NAMAP), Taounate 34000, Morocco
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
| | - Bertrand Matthaeus
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Insitute for Nutrition and Food, Schützenberg 12, D-32756 Detmold, Germany
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Hajib A, Danton O, Keller M, Potterat O, Bougrin K, Charrouf Z, Hamburger M. Polyacetylenic caffeoyl amides from Ammodaucus leucotrichus. Phytochemistry 2023; 206:113555. [PMID: 36496003 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed polyacetylenic caffeoyl amides, five known flavones and three known lignans were obtained from the fruits of the North African traditional medicinal plant Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Durieu (Apiaceae). Isolation was achieved by a combination of chromatographic methods, and structures were established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electronic circular dichroism, and by GC-MS analysis of sugar derivatives. Polyacetylenic caffeoyl amides are reported for the first time as specialized metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hajib
- Laboratory of Bioactives and Molecules of Interest, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (ANPMA) BP 159, Principal, Taounate, 34000, Morocco; Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland; Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ombeline Danton
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morris Keller
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Khalid Bougrin
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, URAC23, Faculty of Science, B.P. 1014, Geophysics, Natural Patrimony and Green Chemistry (GEOPAC) Research Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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Nounah I, Gharby S, Hajib A, Harhar H, Matthäus B, Charrouf Z. Effect of seeds roasting time on physicochemical properties, oxidative stability, and antioxidant activity of cactus (
Opuntia ficus‐indica
L.) seed oil. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issmail Nounah
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, GEOPAC, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Said Gharby
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Milieux Naturels et Matériaux Bioactifs, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taroudant Université Ibn Zohr Agadir Morocco
| | - Ahmed Hajib
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, GEOPAC, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratoire de Matériaux, Nanotechnologie et Environnement LMNE Faculté des Sciences Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals Max Rubner‐Institut, Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food Detmold Germany
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Equipe de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, GEOPAC, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Université Mohammed V de Rabat Rabat Morocco
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Gharby S, Guillaume D, Nounah I, Harhar H, Hajib A, Matthäus B, Charrouf Z. Shelf-life of Moroccan prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) and argan (Argania spinosa) oils: a comparative study. grasasaceites 2021. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1147192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cactus seed oil is gaining considerable popularity in the cosmetic industry. To estimate cactus seed oil’ industrial as well as domestic ease of use, we investigated the oxidative stability of Moroccan cactus seed oil under accelerated aging conditions. In addition, we compared cactus seed oil stability to that of argan oil, a popular and well-established cosmetic oil, under the same conditions. Cactus seed oil is much more sensitive to oxidation than argan oil. Its shelf-life can be estimated to be no longer than 6 months at room temperature. Such instability means that the preparation process for cactus oil must be carried out with great care and cactus seed oil needs to be protected once extracted.
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Nounah I, Chbani M, Matthäus B, Charrouf Z, Hajib A, Willenberg I. Profile of Volatile Aroma-Active Compounds of Cactus Seed Oil ( Opuntia ficus-indica) from Different Locations in Morocco and Their Fate during Seed Roasting. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091280. [PMID: 32933096 PMCID: PMC7555040 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile compounds from oils extracted from cactus seeds (Opuntia ficus-indica) of five regions of Morocco were analyzed by dynamic headspace-GC/MS. Aroma active compounds were characterized by olfactometry. A total of 18 compounds was detected with hexanal, 2-methyl propanal, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, acetoin and 2,3-butanedione as most abundant. Olfactometric analysis showed that those compounds are aroma active; therefore, cactus seed oil flavor can be attributed to those compounds. Moreover, the effect of roasting of cactus seeds on the composition of volatile compounds in the oil was investigated. Especially the concentration of compounds known as products from the Maillard reaction increased significantly with roasting time such as furfural, furan, 3-methyl furan, 2-butanone, thiophene, 2, 3- dithiabutane, methyl pyrazine, 2-methyl pyrimidine, 2-metoxy phenol, dimethyl trisulfide and 5-methyl furfural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issmail Nounah
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (I.N.); (M.C.); (Z.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Malika Chbani
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (I.N.); (M.C.); (Z.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Bertrand Matthäus
- Working Group for Lipid Research, Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), 32756 Detmold, Germany;
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (I.N.); (M.C.); (Z.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Hajib
- Laboratory of Plant Chemistry and Organic and Bio-Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat 10000, Morocco; (I.N.); (M.C.); (Z.C.); (A.H.)
| | - Ina Willenberg
- Working Group for Lipid Research, Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), 32756 Detmold, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Nounaha I, Hajib A, Harhar H, El Madani N, Gharby S, Guillaume D, Charrouf Z. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia inermis Seed Extracts from Morocco. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:487-488. [PMID: 30520577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of Lawsonia inermis (henna) seed oil from Morocco and to evaluate some of its activities in order to use it in cosmetics. Phytosterols are valuable henna-oil constituents, but henna oil does not present any interesting antioxidant activity.
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Nounah I, Hajib A, Harhar H, Madani NE, Gharby S, Guillaume D, Charrouf Z. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Lawsonia inermis Seed Extracts from Morocco. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of Lawsonia inermis (henna) seed oil from Morocco and to evaluate some of its activities in order to use it in cosmetics. Phytosterols are valuable henna-oil constituents, but henna oil does not present any interesting antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issmail Nounah
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, BP 1014-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Hajib
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, BP 1014-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harhar
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, BP 1014-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia El Madani
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, BP 1014-Rabat, Morocco
| | - Saïd Gharby
- Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Milieux Naturels et Matériaux Bioactifs, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taroudant, Université Ibn Zohr
| | - Dom Guillaume
- CNRS-UMR7312, UFR Med-Pharm., Chimie Thérapeutique, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Zoubida Charrouf
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Plantes et de Synthèse Organique et Bioorganique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V, BP 1014-Rabat, Morocco
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