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Read SA, Go CS, Ferreira MJS, Ligorio C, Kimber SJ, Dumanli AG, Domingos MAN. Nanocrystalline Cellulose as a Versatile Engineering Material for Extrusion-Based Bioprinting. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2432. [PMID: 37896192 PMCID: PMC10609932 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Naturally derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels, such as alginate, are frequently used in the design of bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Traditionally, the formulation of such bioinks requires the use of pre-reticulated materials with low viscosities, which favour cell viability but can negatively influence the resolution and shape fidelity of the printed constructs. In this work, we propose the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a rheological modifier to improve the printability of alginate-based bioinks whilst ensuring a high viability of encapsulated cells. Through rheological analysis, we demonstrate that the addition of CNCs (1% and 2% (w/v)) to alginate hydrogels (1% (w/v)) improves shear-thinning behaviour and mechanical stability, resulting in the high-fidelity printing of constructs with superior resolution. Importantly, LIVE/DEAD results confirm that the presence of CNCs does not seem to affect the health of immortalised chondrocytes (TC28a2) that remain viable over a period of seven days post-encapsulation. Taken together, our results indicate a favourable effect of the CNCs on the rheological and biocompatibility properties of alginate hydrogels, opening up new perspectives for the application of CNCs in the formulation of bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia A. Read
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.A.R.); (C.S.G.); (M.J.S.F.)
| | - Chee Shuen Go
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.A.R.); (C.S.G.); (M.J.S.F.)
| | - Miguel J. S. Ferreira
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.A.R.); (C.S.G.); (M.J.S.F.)
| | - Cosimo Ligorio
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Susan J. Kimber
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ahu G. Dumanli
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (C.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Marco A. N. Domingos
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering & Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (S.A.R.); (C.S.G.); (M.J.S.F.)
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Guidetti G, Frka-Petesic B, Dumanli AG, Hamad WY, Vignolini S. Effect of thermal treatments on chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal films. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118404. [PMID: 34420763 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the optical appearance of materials is essential in virtually all products and areas of technology. Structurally coloured chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films proved to be an excellent platform to design optical appearance, as their response can be moulded by organising them in hierarchical architectures. Here, we study how thermal treatments influence the optical appearance of structurally coloured CNC films. We demonstrate that the CNCs helicoidal architecture and the chiral optical response can be maintained up to 250 °C after base treatment and cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, while, alternatively, an exposure to vacuum allows for the helicoidal arrangement to be further preserved up to 900 °C, thus producing aromatic chiral carbon. The ability to retain the helicoidal arrangement, and thus the visual appearance, in CNC films up to 250 °C is highly desirable for high temperature colour-based industrial applications and for passive colorimetric heat sensors. Similarly, the production of chiral carbon provides a new type of conductive carbon for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guidetti
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Ahu G Dumanli
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- Bioproducts Innovation Centre of Excellence, FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom.
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Wolde-Michael E, Roberts AD, Heyes DJ, Dumanli AG, Blaker JJ, Takano E, Scrutton NS. Design and fabrication of recombinant reflectin-based multilayer reflectors: bio-design engineering and photoisomerism induced wavelength modulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14580. [PMID: 34272457 PMCID: PMC8285536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable camouflage capabilities of cephalopods have inspired many to develop dynamic optical materials which exploit certain design principles and/or material properties from cephalopod dermal cells. Here, the angle-dependent optical properties of various single-layer reflectin thin-films on Si wafers are characterized within the UV-Vis-NIR regions. Following this, initial efforts to design, fabricate, and optically characterize a bio-inspired reflectin-based multilayer reflector is described, which was found to conserve the optical properties of single layer films but exhibit reduced angle-dependent visible reflectivity. Finally, we report the integration of phytochrome visible light-induced isomerism into reflectin-based films, which was found to subtly modulate reflectin thin-film reflectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Wolde-Michael
- Department of Chemistry, EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Aled D Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Derren J Heyes
- Department of Chemistry, EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Ahu G Dumanli
- Department of Materials and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonny J Blaker
- Department of Materials and Henry Royce Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eriko Takano
- Department of Chemistry, EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Department of Chemistry, EPSRC/BBSRC Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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