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Takeuchi S, Hirata K, Magota K, Watanabe S, Moku R, Shiiya A, Taguchi J, Ariga S, Goda T, Ohhara Y, Noguchi T, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita I, Honma R, Tsuji Y, Homma A, Dosaka-Akita H. Early prediction of treatment outcome for lenvatinib using 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with unresectable or advanced thyroid carcinoma refractory to radioiodine treatment: a prospective, multicentre, non-randomised study. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:69. [PMID: 37460834 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-01019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib is widely used to treat unresectable and advanced thyroid carcinomas. We aimed to determine whether 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) performed 1 week after lenvatinib treatment initiation could predict treatment outcomes. RESULTS This was a prospective, nonrandomised, multicentre study. Patients with pathologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) and lesions refractory to radioiodine treatment were eligible for inclusion. Patients were treated with 24 mg lenvatinib as the initial dose and underwent PET/CT examination 1 week after treatment initiation. Contrast-enhanced CT was scheduled at least 4 weeks later as the gold standard for evaluation. The primary endpoint was to evaluate the discrimination power of maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) obtained by PET/CT compared to that obtained by contrast-enhanced CT. Evaluation was performed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC-AUC) curve. Twenty-one patients were included in this analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an AUC of 0.714 for SUVmax after 1 week of lenvatinib treatment. The best cut-off value for the treatment response for SUVmax was 15.211. The sensitivity and specificity of this cut-off value were 0.583 and 0.857, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 26.3 months in patients with an under-cut-off value and 19.7 months in patients with an over-cut-off value (P = 0.078). CONCLUSIONS The therapeutic effects of lenvatinib were detected earlier than those of CT because of decreased FDG uptake on PET/CT. PET/CT examination 1 week after the initiation of lenvatinib treatment may predict treatment outcomes in patients with DTC. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (number UMIN000022592) on 6 June, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kenji Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Magota
- Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rika Moku
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shiiya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Ariga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Goda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohhara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takurou Noguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rio Honma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tsuji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Homma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Shiiya A, Noguchi T, Tomaru U, Ariga S, Takashima Y, Ohhara Y, Taguchi J, Takeuchi S, Shimizu Y, Kinoshita I, Koizumi T, Matsuno Y, Shinagawa N, Sakakibara‐Konishi J, Dosaka‐Akita H. EGFR
inhibition in
EGFR
‐mutant lung cancer cells perturbs innate immune signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:1270-1283. [PMID: 36529523 PMCID: PMC10067399 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) elicit potent cell cycle arrest in EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. However, little is known about the mechanisms through which these drugs alter the tumor phenotype that contributes to the immune escape of EGFR-mutant cells. Using EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell lines and tissue samples from patients, we investigated the changes in immune checkpoints expressed in tumor cells following EGFR inhibition. Subsequently, we also analyzed the role of soluble factors from the dying tumor cells in the activation of immune signaling pathways involved in therapy resistance. Upon EGFR-TKI treatment, we found that EGFR-mutant cells upregulated the expression of innate immune checkpoint CD24 in vitro. We then analyzed biopsy samples from six patients who developed resistance to a first-generation EGFR-TKI without the acquired T790M mutation. Immunohistochemistry revealed that levels of tumor CD24 expression were increased upon treatment compared with those from pre-treatment samples. Monocyte-derived macrophages facilitated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis when EGFR-TKI-treated EGFR-mutant cells were incubated with anti-CD24 antibodies in vitro, suggesting that CD24 may be a therapeutical target for EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Moreover, EGFR inhibition accelerated the release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from dying tumor cells, which activated the type I interferon signaling pathways in human THP-1 monocytes in a stimulator of interferon genes-dependent manner. Our study indicates that EGFR inhibition in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells fosters a tumor microenvironment associated with immune escape. Thus, CD24 targeted therapy and cfDNA monitoring may contribute to improved treatment outcomes in patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Shiiya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Takuro Noguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Surgical Pathology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Shin Ariga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuta Takashima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yoshihito Ohhara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Jun Taguchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Division of Clinical Cancer Genomics Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tomonobu Koizumi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Department of Surgical Pathology Hokkaido University Hospital Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Naofumi Shinagawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Jun Sakakibara‐Konishi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka‐Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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