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Zimmermann N, Noga A, Obbineni JM, Ishikawa T. ATP-induced conformational change of axonemal outer dynein arms revealed by cryo-electron tomography. EMBO J 2023:e112466. [PMID: 37051721 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Axonemal outer dynein arm (ODA) motors generate force for ciliary beating. We analyzed three states of the ODA during the power stroke cycle using in situ cryo-electron tomography, subtomogram averaging, and classification. These states of force generation depict the prepower stroke, postpower stroke, and intermediate state conformations. Comparison of these conformations to published in vitro atomic structures of cytoplasmic dynein, ODA, and the Shulin-ODA complex revealed differences in the orientation and position of the dynein head. Our analysis shows that in the absence of ATP, all dynein linkers interact with the AAA3/AAA4 domains, indicating that interactions with the adjacent microtubule doublet B-tubule direct dynein orientation. For the prepower stroke conformation, there were changes in the tail that is anchored on the A-tubule. We built models starting with available high-resolution structures to generate a best-fitting model structure for the in situ pre- and postpower stroke ODA conformations, thereby showing that ODA in a complex with Shulin adopts a similar conformation as the active prepower stroke ODA in the axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Zimmermann
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Akira Noga
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jagan Mohan Obbineni
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- VIT School for Agricultural Innovations and Advanced, Learning (VAIAL), VIT, Vellore, India
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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2
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Deus JPA, Noga A, Brozoski F, Dias AMP, Buschini MLT. Trap-nesting biology of an ectoparasitoid spider wasp, Auplopus subaurarius (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae): the importance of wooded environments for niche generalist species. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e269165. [PMID: 37075424 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.269165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The insect group is one of the most diverse on the planet and due to habitat degradation, many of these species are becoming extinct, leaving a lack of information on the basic biology of each one. In this study, previously unseen information about nesting biology is revealed in Auplopus subaurarius trap nests. This is a solitary ectoparasitoid spider wasp that nests in preexisting cavities. We used a trap-nesting methodology to sample A. subaurarius in two different sampling periods (2017/2018 and 2020/2021) in three types of environment (forest, grassland and Eucalyptus plantation). In our study, the A. subaurarius nest building was more frequent during the hottest months of the year (November to March), with its highest abundance found within natural forest areas and in Eucalyptus plantation than in grassland areas. In addition, the species had two development times: a short one (three months) and a delayed one (up to one year). Moreover, females were larger than males (weight and size) and the species' sex ratio had a tendency toward female production. Auplopus subaurarius presented seven natural enemy species: Ceyxia longispina, Caenochrysis crotonis, Photochryptus sp.1, Photochryptus sp.2, Messatoporus sp., Ephuta icema and Sphaeropthalma sp. We emphasize the importance of wooded environments to maintain the A. subaurarius populations and their associated interactors, both spiders and natural enemies, as these environments can provide better life conditions than grassland areas. Furthermore, other solitary wasps that may have the same lifestyle of A. subaurarius can also be improved by natural forest conservation and by good silviculture plantation planning, which should consider ecological aspects of Atlantic Forest landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P A Deus
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Instituto de Biociências, Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação - LEEC, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - A Noga
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, Departamento de Biologia - DEBIO, Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia de Vespas e Abelhas - LABEVESP, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
| | - F Brozoski
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, Departamento de Biologia - DEBIO, Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia de Vespas e Abelhas - LABEVESP, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
| | - A M P Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar, Departamento de Ecologia e Biologia Evolutiva, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M L T Buschini
- Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste - UNICENTRO, Departamento de Biologia - DEBIO, Laboratório de Ecologia e Biologia de Vespas e Abelhas - LABEVESP, Guarapuava, PR, Brasil
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3
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Noga A, Horii M, Goto Y, Toyooka K, Ishikawa T, Hirono M. Bld10p/Cep135 determines the number of triplets in the centriole independently of the cartwheel. EMBO J 2022; 41:e104582. [PMID: 36093892 PMCID: PMC9574746 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved nine-fold structural symmetry of the centriole is thought to be generated by cooperation between two mechanisms, one dependent on and the other independent of the cartwheel, a sub-centriolar structure consisting of a hub and nine spokes. However, the molecular entity of the cartwheel-independent mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, using Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants, we show that Bld10p/Cep135, a conserved centriolar protein that connects cartwheel spokes and triplet microtubules, plays a central role in this mechanism. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we localized hemagglutinin epitopes attached to distinct regions of Bld10p along two lines that connect adjacent triplets. Consistently, conventional and cryo-electron microscopy identified crosslinking structures at the same positions. In centrioles formed in the absence of the cartwheel, truncated Bld10p was found to significantly reduce the inter-triplet distance and frequently form eight-microtubule centrioles. These results suggest that the newly identified crosslinks are comprised of part of Bld10p/Cep135. We propose that Bld10p determines the inter-triplet distance in the centriole and thereby regulates the number of triplets in a cartwheel-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Noga
- Department of Frontier BioscienceHosei UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Mao Horii
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yumi Goto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohamaJapan
| | | | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Division of Biology and ChemistryPaul Scherrer InstituteVilligenSwitzerland
- Department of BiologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Kutomi O, Yamamoto R, Hirose K, Mizuno K, Nakagiri Y, Imai H, Noga A, Obbineni JM, Zimmermann N, Nakajima M, Shibata D, Shibata M, Shiba K, Kita M, Kigoshi H, Tanaka Y, Yamasaki Y, Asahina Y, Song C, Nomura M, Nomura M, Nakajima A, Nakachi M, Yamada L, Nakazawa S, Sawada H, Murata K, Mitsuoka K, Ishikawa T, Wakabayashi KI, Kon T, Inaba K. A dynein-associated photoreceptor protein prevents ciliary acclimation to blue light. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/9/eabf3621. [PMID: 33637535 PMCID: PMC7909887 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Light-responsive regulation of ciliary motility is known to be conducted through modulation of dyneins, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report a novel subunit of the two-headed f/I1 inner arm dynein, named DYBLUP, in animal spermatozoa and a unicellular green alga. This subunit contains a BLUF (sensors of blue light using FAD) domain that appears to directly modulate dynein activity in response to light. DYBLUP (dynein-associated BLUF protein) mediates the connection between the f/I1 motor domain and the tether complex that links the motor to the doublet microtubule. Chlamydomonas lacking the DYBLUP ortholog shows both positive and negative phototaxis but becomes acclimated and attracted to high-intensity blue light. These results suggest a mechanism to avoid toxic strong light via direct photoregulation of dyneins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kutomi
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yamamoto
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Keiko Hirose
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Mizuno
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Yuuhei Nakagiri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Noga
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jagan Mohan Obbineni
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Noemi Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Masako Nakajima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shibata
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Misa Shibata
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Kogiku Shiba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Masaki Kita
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hideo Kigoshi
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yui Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuya Yamasaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuma Asahina
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mami Nomura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Mamoru Nomura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakajima
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Mia Nakachi
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan
| | - Lixy Yamada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakazawa
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sawada
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba, Mie 517-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ken-Ichi Wakabayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takahide Kon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inaba
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan.
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Yamashita S, Arakaki Y, Kawai-Toyooka H, Noga A, Hirono M, Nozaki H. Alternative evolution of a spheroidal colony in volvocine algae: developmental analysis of embryogenesis in Astrephomene (Volvocales, Chlorophyta). BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:243. [PMID: 27829356 PMCID: PMC5103382 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volvocine algae, which range from the unicellular Chlamydomonas to the multicellular Volvox with a germ-soma division of labor, are a model for the evolution of multicellularity. Within this group, the spheroidal colony might have evolved in two independent lineages: Volvocaceae and the goniacean Astrephomene. Astrephomene produces spheroidal colonies with posterior somatic cells. The feature that distinguishes Astrephomene from the volvocacean algae is lack of inversion during embryogenesis; the volvocacean embryo undergoes inversion after successive divisions to orient flagella toward the outside. The mechanisms of inversion at the molecular and cellular levels in volvocacean algae have been assessed in detail, particularly in Volvox carteri. However, embryogenesis in Astrephomene has not been subjected to such investigations. RESULTS This study relied on light microscopy time-lapse imaging using an actively growing culture of a newly established strain to conduct a developmental analysis of Astrephomene as well as to perform a comparison with the similar spheroidal volvocacean Eudorina. During the successive divisions involved in Astrephomene embryogenesis, gradual rotation of daughter protoplasts resulted in movement of their apical portions toward the embryonic posterior, forming a convex-to-spheroidal cell sheet with the apical ends of protoplasts on the outside. Differentiation of the posterior somatic cells from the embryo periphery was traced based on cell lineages during embryogenesis. In contrast, in Eudorina, the rotation of daughter protoplasts did not occur during successive cell divisions; however, inversion occurred after such divisions, and a spheroidal embryo was formed. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy of basal bodies and nuclei verified this difference between Astrephomene and Eudorina in the movement of embryonic protoplasts. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest different tactics for spheroidal colony formation between the two lineages: rotation of daughter protoplasts during successive cell divisions in Astrephomene, and inversion after cell divisions in Eudorina. This study will facilitate further research into the molecular and genetic mechanisms of the parallel evolution of the spheroidal colony in volvocine algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamashita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoko Arakaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kawai-Toyooka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Noga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hirono
- Department of Frontier Bioscience, Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Hilbert M, Noga A, Frey D, Hamel V, Guichard P, Kraatz SHW, Pfreundschuh M, Hosner S, Flückiger I, Jaussi R, Wieser MM, Thieltges KM, Deupi X, Müller DJ, Kammerer RA, Gönczy P, Hirono M, Steinmetz MO. SAS-6 engineering reveals interdependence between cartwheel and microtubules in determining centriole architecture. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:393-403. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nakazawa Y, Ariyoshi T, Noga A, Kamiya R, Hirono M. Space-dependent formation of central pair microtubules and their interactions with radial spokes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110513. [PMID: 25333940 PMCID: PMC4204893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and flagella contain nine outer doublet microtubules and a pair of central microtubules. The central pair of microtubules (CP) is important for cilia/flagella beating, as clearly shown by primary ciliary dyskinesia resulting from the loss of the CP. The CP is thought to regulate axonemal dyneins through interaction with radial spokes (RSs). However, the nature of the CP-RS interaction is poorly understood. Here we examine the appearance of CPs in the axonemes of a Chlamydomonas mutant, bld12, which produces axonemes with 8 to 11 outer-doublets. Most of its 8-doublet axonemes lack CPs. However, in the double mutant of bld12 and pf14, a mutant lacking the RS, most 8-doublet axonemes contain the CP. Thus formation of the CP apparently depends on the internal space limited by the outer doublets and RSs. In 10- or 11-doublet axonemes, only 3–5 RSs are attached to the CP and the doublet arrangement is distorted most likely because the RSs attached to the CP pull the outer doublets toward the axonemal center. The CP orientation in the axonemes varies in double mutants formed between bld12 and mutants lacking particular CP projections. The mutant bld12 thus provides the first direct and visual information about the CP-RS interaction, as well as about the mechanism of CP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakazawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ariyoshi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Noga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ritsu Kamiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hirono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Arakaki Y, Kawai-Toyooka H, Hamamura Y, Higashiyama T, Noga A, Hirono M, Olson BJSC, Nozaki H. The simplest integrated multicellular organism unveiled. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81641. [PMID: 24349103 PMCID: PMC3859500 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Volvocine green algae represent the "evolutionary time machine" model lineage for studying multicellularity, because they encompass the whole range of evolutionary transition of multicellularity from unicellular Chlamydomonas to >500-celled Volvox. Multicellular volvocalean species including Gonium pectorale and Volvox carteri generally have several common morphological features to survive as integrated multicellular organisms such as "rotational asymmetry of cells" so that the cells become components of the individual and "cytoplasmic bridges between protoplasts in developing embryos" to maintain the species-specific form of the multicellular individual before secretion of new extracellular matrix (ECM). However, these morphological features have not been studied in the four-celled colonial volvocine species Tetrabaena socialis that is positioned in the most basal lineage within the colonial or multicellular volvocine greens. Here we established synchronous cultures of T. socialis and carried out immunofluorescence microscopic and ultrastructural observations to elucidate these two morphological attributes. Based on immunofluorescence microscopy, four cells of the mature T. socialis colony were identical in morphology but had rotational asymmetry in arrangement of microtubular rootlets and separation of basal bodies like G. pectorale and V. carteri. Ultrastructural observations clearly confirmed the presence of cytoplasmic bridges between protoplasts in developing embryos of T. socialis even after the formation of new flagella in each daughter protoplast within the parental ECM. Therefore, these two morphological attributes might have evolved in the common four-celled ancestor of the colonial volvocine algae and contributed to the further increase in cell number and complexity of the multicellular individuals of this model lineage. T. socialis is one of the simplest integrated multicellular organisms in which four identical cells constitute the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Arakaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kawai-Toyooka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamamura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- JST ERATO Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Noga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Hirono
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bradley J. S. C. Olson
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Chalmers, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Hisayoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The authors review their experience with percutaneous endopyelotomy in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) stenosis. The method was used in 64 patients of whom 59 had also renal stones. There was only one patient with secondary UPJ stenosis following pyeloplasty. The total success rate was 61%. It is pointed out that the results depend in a great part on the skill of the surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Szewczyk
- Department of Urology, Silesian Academy of Medicine, Katowice, Poland
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Rzempołuch J, Mitas L, Noga A. [Ormond's disease: difficulties with diagnosis and treatment]. Pol Tyg Lek 1990; 45:182-4. [PMID: 2216964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A case of a female patient is presented. The patient was treated for retroperitoneal fasciitis. An emphasis is on the diagnostic, differential, and therapeutic problems in this entity. Close cooperation of various specialists is needed in such a case.
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Szewczyk W, Lukojć K, Szurkowski A, Noga A, Salamon M. [Macroscopic painless hematuria in urologic neoplasms]. Wiad Lek 1989; 42:83-6. [PMID: 2815741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A group of 100 patients with urinary system tumours and asymptomatic macroscopic haematuria in the past were analysed retrospectively. The analysis showed that the time between the appearance of macroscopic haematuria and the final diagnosis and treatment was from 18 to 560 days. The authors suggest ultrasonographic examination and urography in each case of macroscopic haematuria, and possibly early referral of the case to specialist in urology.
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