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Badiya PK, Siddabattuni S, Dey D, Hiremath AC, Nalam RL, Srinivasan V, Vaitheswaran S, Ganesh A, Prabhakar Y, Ramamurthy SS. Effect of mode of administration on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the South Indian population: A comparative study on self-administered and interviewer-administered scores. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 66:102890. [PMID: 34717110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a validated screening tool widely used to assess perinatal depression (PND). However, due to stigma associated with PND, respondents could answer sensitive questions differently depending on the mode of administration, especially in culturally and linguistically diverse country like India. The present study explored longitudinal differences in EPDS scores between self-administered and interviewer-administered modes. METHODS 177 women from rural South India were administered EPDS, self-administration followed by interviewer-administered for four visits, twice each during prenatal and postnatal visits. EPDS scores were compared between the two modes descriptively, graphically and by repeated mixed measure models. Classification of antenatal depression (AD), postnatal depression (PD) and PND based on the two modes were compared by McNemar Chi-square test. Clinical and psychosocial characteristics were examined to identify factors associated with differences in the scoring modes. Concordance rates and Goodman Kruskal's Gamma coefficients were measured for individual EPDS items. RESULTS Longitudinal EPDS scores and rates of AD, PD and PND were significantly higher in self-administered mode. Recent adverse life events were the only factor observed to be significantly associated with the differences between the two modes. Rank correlation and concordance rates suggested stronger association for EPDS items relating to anhedonia subscale and moderate/weaker association for EPDS items relating to anxiety/depression subscales. CONCLUSION Our study findings suggest that the effect of mode of administration should be taken into account while using PND screening tools such as EPDS, especially in countries such as India with higher levels of illiteracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Badiya
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sasidhar Siddabattuni
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Akkamahadevi C Hiremath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Raj Lakshmi Nalam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatesh Srinivasan
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Aarthi Ganesh
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai 600101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yendluri Prabhakar
- Department of Psychiatry, Government Medical College/Government general hospital, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Badiya PK, Siddabattuni S, Dey D, Javvaji SK, Nayak SP, Hiremath AC, Upadhyaya R, Madras L, Nalam RL, Prabhakar Y, Vaitheswaran S, Manjjuri AR, Jk KK, Subramaniyan M, Raghunatha Sarma R, Ramamurthy SS. Identification of clinical and psychosocial characteristics associated with perinatal depression in the south Indian population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2020; 66:161-170. [PMID: 32871347 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal perinatal depression (PND) data is sparsely available in the Indian population. We have employed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess the prevalence and identify characteristics associated with PND in the south Indian population. PND was assessed longitudinally using EPDS scores with traditional cut-off approach as well as a novel method of latent class mixture modeling (LCMM). The LCMM method, to the best of our knowledge, has been used for the first time in the Indian population. METHODS Three hundred and forty seven women, predominantly from economically-weaker sections of rural and urban South India were longitudinally assessed for antenatal depression (AD) and postnatal depression (PD) using EPDS cutoff-scores ≥13 and ≥10, respectively. Uni/multivariable analyses were used to identify PND associated characteristics. LCMM was then implemented, followed by risk characteristics identification. RESULTS PND prevalence from traditional approach was 24.50 % (12.68 % AD; 18.16% PD). Characteristics associated with PND were urban-site and recent adverse life events. Irregular menstrual history and chronic health issues were associated with AD and PD, respectively. Three distinct PND trajectories were observed from LCMM-analysis: low-risk (76.08%), medium-risk (19.89%) and high-risk (4.04%). Urban-site, recent adverse life events, irregular menstrual history and pregnancy complications were associated with medium-risk/high-risk trajectories. LIMITATIONS EPDS is a screening tool and not a diagnostic tool for depression. Since the study population included women from economically-weaker sections, the results need verification in other socio-economic groups. CONCLUSIONS Both the traditional cut-off-based approach and LCMM provided very similar conclusions regarding the prevalence of PND and characteristics associated with it. Higher PND prevalence was observed in urban women compared to rural women. In low-income countries, identifying risk characteristics associated with PND is a critical component in designing prevention strategies for PND related conditions because of the limited access to mental health resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Badiya
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sasidhar Siddabattuni
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sai Kiran Javvaji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Cardiology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Sai Prasad Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Brindavan Campus, Kadugodi, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India
| | - Akkamahadevi C Hiremath
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Rajani Upadhyaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Loukya Madras
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Raj Lakshmi Nalam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sri Sathya Sai General Hospital, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yendluri Prabhakar
- Department of Psychiatry, Government medical college/Government general hospital, Anantapur 515001, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sridhar Vaitheswaran
- Dementia Care, Schizophrenia Research Foundation, Chennai 600101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A R Manjjuri
- College of Nursing, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bangalore 560066, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Jk
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Brindavan Campus, Kadugodi, Bangalore 560067, Karnataka, India
| | - M Subramaniyan
- Department of Telemedicine & Hospital Management Information Systems, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, 560066 Bangalore, India
| | - R Raghunatha Sarma
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Sathish Ramamurthy
- STAR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, 515134 Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Hiremath AC, K S S. Cystolitholapaxy and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in a case of multiple urinary bladder calculi & vault prolapse. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 243:12-15. [PMID: 31629924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vesical calculi are more common in men than women. The prevalence in women is less than 2%. Multiple vesical calculi in chronic cases of utero vaginal prolapse or vault prolapse is rare. Urinary stasis, urethral kinking along with chronic infection are the probable predisposing factors for stone formation [2]. We report a case of 65 year old female, with mass per vagina since 10 years, who developed acute urinary retention due to impaction of vesical calculus at the external urethra meatus. Subsequently in a span of 12 h she passed 3 more vesical calculi. KUB X-ray failed to show any calculi but Computed Tomography(CT) Kidney Ureter Bladder (KUB) showed 2 vesical calculi. After cystolitholapaxy she underwent laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for vault prolapse. In cases of chronic uterovaginal prolapse or vault prolapse X-Ray KUB should not miss the prolapsed part of the cystocele as calculi are present in the most redundant part. Chances of missing radiolucent uric acid calculi is high. In such cases CT KUB is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shivakumar K S
- Sri Sathya Sai Institue of Higher Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, 560066, India
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